生物专业英语词汇a-c共84页

Actin the protein from which Microfilaments are composed; forms the contractile filaments of sarcomeres in muscle cells.
Active transport transport of molecules against a concentration gradient (from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration) with the aid of proteins in the cell membrane and energy from ATP. Passive 被动的
Abnormal hemoglobin Hemoglobin molecule with a different shape due to an altered Amino acid sequence (ultimately caused by an altered DNA base sequence), such as in the inherited disease sickle-cell anemia.
Abscisic acid a plant hormone that promotes dormancy in perennial plants and causes rapid closure of leaf stomata when a leaf begins to wilt.
Acetylcholine a chemical released at Neuromuscular junctions that binds to receptors on the surface of the plasma membrane of muscle cells, causing an electrical impulse to be transmitted. The impulse ultimately leads to muscle contraction.
Age structure the relative proportion of individuals in each age group in a population.
Adenine one of the four nitrogen-containing bases occurring in Nucleotides, the building blocks of the organic macromolecule group kn源自文库wn as Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Adenine is also the base in the energy carrying molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is the energy coin of the cell. aden=gland
Adaptation tendency of an organism to suit its environment; one of the major points of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by Natural selection: organisms adapt to their environment. Those organisms best adapted will have a greater chance of surviving and passing their Genes on to the next generation.
Acid rain the precipitation of sulfuric acid and other acids as rain. The acids form when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides released during the combustion of Fossil fuels combine with water and oxygen in the atmosphere.
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) lower energy form of ATP, having two (instead of the three in ATP) phosphate groups attached to the Adenine base and ribose sugar.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) a collection of disorders that develop as a result of infection by the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks Helper t cells, crippling the Immune system and greatly reducing the body's ability to fight infection; results in premature death brought about by various diseases that overwhelm the compromised immune system.
Acetyl CoA an intermediate compound formed during the breakdown of Glucose by adding a two-carbon fragment to a carrier molecule (Coenzyme A or CoA).