【培训课件】简明英语语法教程.pptx

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➢以辅音+y结尾的词,则变y为i,再加es, 如party(parties),city(cities) family(families), university(universities)
名词的规则复数形式
➢以辅音+o结尾的,一般加es,如hero(heroes),potato(potatoes),tomato (tomatoes), echo(echoes),但有一些外来词只加s,如piano(pianos), radio(radios),photo(photos),studio(studios). ➢有关字母,数字,缩写词以及引语的复数形式详见书本(略)
不可数的物质名词和抽 象名词转化为可数名词
不可数名词“一件”、“一个”的表 达法
补充:
❖a piece of news(work,information,furniture) ❖a bar of chocolate, a block of ice, a burst of applause(一阵掌 声) a fit of anger(一顿脾气), a loaf of bread, a slip of paper, a(large)sum of money.
复数的一些习惯用法
只以复数形式出现的词:trousers, jeans, scissors,glasses,等 往往和“a pair of ” 连用。
以s结尾的名词但非复数:mathematics, economics, physics politics(政治), news, gymnastics
名词的不规则复数形式
✓变内部元音:foot-feet, man-men, mouse-mice,tooth-teeth, woman-women, goose-geese,ox-oxen,child-children.
✓单复数同形:deer, sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese, means,series,等
✓ 某些外来词的特殊的变化: curriculum(curricula)课程, bacterium(bacteria)细菌,medium(media)媒体,crisis(crises)危机, basis(bases)基础
复合名词的复数形式
主体名词变为复数:looker(s)-on,passer(s)-by, son(s)-in-law, commander(s)-in-chief,editor(s)-in- chief 等
最末一个构成部分变为复数形式:film-goer(s), go-between(s), good-for-nothing(s), forget-me-not(s)勿忘我
两个构成部分都变为复数:man-doctor(men-doctors), man cook (men cooks), man-writer(men-writers),woman-doctor(women-doctors) woman cook(women cooks),woman writer(women writers).
可数与不可数名词间的转化
The trees are now in flower. 可数的个体名词转化为不可 There’s no school tomorrow. 数的物质名词
Long Jing is a well-known tea. Two coffees, please. We met with many difficulties. He’s had many odd experiences.
可数名词和不可数名词
➢个体名词和集体名词一般都是可数的,如:two computers a happy family, two football teams.
➢抽象名词和物质名词一般都是不可数的,如 Translation is an art. 翻译是一种艺术。 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声的速度快。
名词的规则复数形式
➢一般情况加s,如desks, books, girls, ➢以 s,x,sh,ch收尾的词,加es,如glasses,roses,brushes,churches ➢以f或fe结尾的词,则一般变为ves, 如:wife(wives),bookshelf(bookshelves),wolf(wolves),thief(thieves)
everyone else’s opinion • 固定词组:at one’s wit’s end, a stone’s throw • 表示度量,时间,空间,如a week’s holiday, today’s post, • 表示某些国家,城市,天体等名称的,the earth’s surface,
名词的所有格
’s 所有格的构成方法: • 单数名词在末尾加’s,the boy’s father • 以s结尾的复数形式名词,末尾仅加’,如the two boys’mother • 以s结尾的单数人名变为所有格时,一般加’s,Thomas’s brother • 几个词作为一个单位时,’s应加在最后一个词的末,
简明英语语法教程
第一单元 名词
名词(Nouwenku.baidu.com)
专有名词 London Mary the United Nations 个体名词 table, computer,gun
普通名词
集体名词 family, committee 物质名词 rain, fire, air
抽象名词 youth, success, beauty
a ten-pound note, two 14-year-old girls, a four-week holiday a six-minute walk, five-foot tall(五英尺高)
Three years is a long time to be without a job. Six miles is too far for me to walk. I’m going to take a taxi.
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