第3部分阅读理解技能

Part 3 英语阅读理解技巧

(阅读理解始终是外语学习和考试重点)

一．阅读理解的测试要点如下：

1．理解主旨大意； 2．寻读具体信息； 3．理解细节；

4．推测生词词义， 5．简单的判断和理解； 6．理解文段的基本逻辑结构； 7．理解作者的意图和态度； 8．理解指代关系。

高考命题的实际情况看，命题者常用下述方法提问：

1．What is the purpose of the text?

2．What does the author mainly tell US about in the passage?

3．What can be inferred from the passage?

4．It can be concluded from the text that ?

5．What can we learn from the text?

6．What is the general idea/main idea of the text?

7. What is the best title of the text/for the article?

8. The underlined word "X "/ mean.？

9. The text is mainly written to explain.

10. Which of the following statements is true?

11. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?

阅读技巧

1．略读；

2．找读；

3．理解大意；

4 ．猜测词义；

二、文章分类分析

文章一般可分为说明文、论说文、叙述文以及广告等。

(一)阅读理解之细节题的解题思路

主题思想只是文章的框架，作者在构思过程中，还必须对要表达的观点或信息进行具体的陈述，读者应能准确记住作者在陈述中谈到是何人、何处、何事、

和何时何故，这是十分重要的。因此，读者必须重视人名、日期、事实、数据和地点等。

细读是获取事实和细节不可缺少的方法之一

1．问句式

解题技巧

带着问题找句子，先看文章后面的问题(这常常被认为是非常有效的方法)，注意记忆关键的词语，如。人物、时间、事件等，

Cattle have served humanity since prehistoric(史前) days as beasts of burden and as supplier of leather, meat, and milk. Some of the earliest w ritten records concern the sale of cattle. These valuable animals are unusu al in that they do not have front teeth in their upper jaw. Instead they c hew with their back teeth and gums (齿龈). Cows swallow their food quic kly and store it in the fat stomach or rumen, the first of the four compar tments stomachs in their.

Questions: According to the passage, what is the rumen?

A. The first stomach compartment.

B. The name of the upper jaw.

C. The stomach where digestion (消化) takes place.

D. The name of the bacteria(细菌) in the cow's stomach.

2．不完整的陈述句式

解题技巧：

第一步，阅读题目，找出问题的发问中心。第二步，带着这些问题来阅读文章。第三步，根据前两步的分析和判断，选择出最符合题意的答案。

3．排除式

常见形式有：

Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage?

Which of the following is Not TRUE?

解题技巧：

做这类题时，首先要仔细阅读题后的选项，牢记各个选项所阐述的不同内容，然后阅读原文。凡是原文中的信息与选择项内容相同的，我们可以在这些信息下面划线，以作为排除的内容。如果基本选项的内容在原文找不到相应的信息，那么该选项即为该题的答案。

Life on Land

Life on land probably began about 430 million years ago, though it h as existed in the water for perhaps as long as 3000 million years. When we think of the first life on land, we probably think of strange animals co ming out of the oceans, but, in fact ,no animals could have been living if plants had not been on land first. Plants had to be on land before animal s arrived. They supplied the first land animals with the surrounding and f ood necessary, since they--the plants are the only form of life that is able to get and store energy.

The first plants to exist out of the water were probably certain kinds of algae (海藻) which were followed by other plants that grew close to th e ground and needed water in which to reproduce.

Which of the following is TRUE?

A. Algae have existed for more than 430 million years.

B. It is impossible that algae might be the earliest plant on land.

C. Plants get food from animals in the oceans.

D. Evolution began after animals appeared on land.

(二)阅读理解之准确找出主题句

阅读理解的技巧中非常重要的一点是在阅读中迅速地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。

1．首句是主题句的规律

主题句是首句的段落总是用演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别或特殊的写作程序，即以概述开段，随之辅以细说。这样的段落在文章中出现得最多，概率达到70%。请看下例：

People who talk and sing to plants have no mental problems at all, a ccording to an agricultural expert. "In fact, singing and talking to plants makes them grow better," says Dr Braymar. The reason is quite simple. When we sing or talk to plants, we exhale(呼出) CO2which plants need to survive (continue to live)and grow better. Plants absorb (take in) CO2t hrough their pores(小孔) during the sunlight hours and produce oxygen w hich people to survive. Singing and talking have good effect on plants, ho wever, only during the daytime. Singing or talking at bedtime will not hel p plants to grow better or grow faster.

2．段落尾句是主题句的规律