大学英语四级讲义

第三讲英语写作中常见病句现象

1. 文稿格式问题

题目的大小写和标点符号，文中标点符号，行文格式，人名/地名等专有名词。

2. 拼写问题

拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功，但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分，而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差，同时也直接影响内容的表达，通常会降低作文的档次。

3. 不一致问题

不一致问题主要包括数（单复数）的不一致、时态不一致、代词不一致、主谓不一致、时态/人称/数的搭配错误等。

例1. 误：When one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do.

正：Once one has knowledge, he can do what he wants (to do).

剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ；同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致。

例2. 误：My father and my mother is all teacher. 正：My father and my mother are both teachers.

例3. 误：When I get to the station the train leave. 正：When I got to the station the train had left.

汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化，而对英语来说，这些都至关重要。

4. 代词误用

英语中代词的形式很多，包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。而汉语中没有主格和宾格、形容词性物主代词和名次性物主代词之分；此外汉语中很多时候不用物主代词，而英语中物主代词是不可省略的，代词的误用是考生最容易发生的错误。

例4. 误：I mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for I father.

正：My mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for my father.

5. 串句

串句，指英语写作中错把两个独立分句硬性地揉在一起而不加任何的标点符号或连词。

例5. 误：She decided to stop smoking she didn’t want to die of lung cancer.

正：She decided to stop smoking. She didn’t want to die of lung cancer.

She decided to stop smoking because (as) she didn’t want to die of lung cancer. Because (as) she

didn’t want to die of lung cancer, she decided to stop smoking.

She didn’t want to die of lung cancer, so she decided to stop smoking as.

She decided to stop smoking; she didn’t want to die of lung cancer.

例6．误：Getting married is easy, staying married is a different matter.

正：Getting married is easy, but staying married is a different matter.

Getting married is easy. However, staying married is a different matter.

Though (Although) getting married is easy, staying married is a different matter.

While getting married is easy, staying married is a different matter.

例7. 误：There are many ways we get to know the outside world.

剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world

7. 破句

破句，又称残句/句子碎片/句子的不完整性/不完整的句子，是指将一些不能表达完整信息或独立成句的成分独立成句或出现缺少必要成分的假句子。

例8. 误：After I arrived in Chicago by bus. I checked into a room.

正：After I arrived in Chicago by bus, I checked into a room.

I checked into a room after I arrived in Chicago by bus.

例9. 误：He talked for fifty minutes without taking his eyes off his notes. Apparently not noticing that half the class was asleep.

正：He talked for fifty minutes without taking his eyes off his notes, apparently not noticing that half the class was asleep.

Apparently not noticing that half the class was asleep, he talked for fifty minutes without taking his eyes off his notes.

He talked for fifty minutes without taking his eyes off his notes. He apparently did not notice that half the class was asleep.

例10. 误：A woman to be respected and even feared.

正：She is a woman to be respected and even feared. 或She is respected and even feared.

在英语中，词、词组、短语、从句、同位语是不能单独成句的。一旦它们单独成句便成sentence fragments。

在汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的，但英语中每个完整的句子都必须有动词来构成，如：“我累了。”这个句子没有动词作谓语，而用形容词，但英语形容词不能作谓语，一定要写成：I'm tired.

例11. 误：I happy I can come to Beijing Zoo. 正：I am happy I can come to Beijing Zoo.

例12. 误：The apples cheap. I'll take some. 正：The apples are cheap. I'll take some.

还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法，不了解中英文语言习惯的不同，也会出现明显的错误，造成丢分现象。

例13. 误：Because heavy rain, we can't hold the sports meeting.

正：Because of the heavy rain, we can't hold the sports meeting.

有的考生因为对句子结构认识模糊，所以出现只写半句的现象，这也是造成失分的原因之一。

例14. 误：Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. For example, my friend in high school.

正：Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college, for example, my friend in

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