句子成分讲解

4. How to find the subject of a sentence • The subject of a sentence is never in a prepositional phrase. • e.g. Neither of the rivals survived the duel. • A few of the students pass the exam.
（不定式）
5.Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词） 6.The rich should help the poor.
（名词化的形容词）来自百度文库
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句） 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词） 2.We often speak English in class. （代词） 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词） 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
二、宾语的补语
• 置于宾语之后补充说明宾语的动作，状态， 特征的成分叫做宾语补语（Object Complement），宾补可以是名词或形容词。
• ▲ 1）动词elect, appoint, call, name, make, find, leave等后面常接名词用作宾语补足语。 • e.g. 他的父亲给他取名为小明 • His father named him Xiao Ming. • 在会议上，我们选他为班长 • At the meeting we elected him monitor. • 我们觉得她是个好老师。 • We consider her a good teacher.
• I found the classroom empty.
双宾语
• 双宾语由直接宾语（direct object）和间接 宾语(indirect object)组成。 • 直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语 表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的 目标（为谁做）。 • 英语中，有些及物动词可接两个宾语，即 指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。 • 常用句型：S+V+I.O+D.O
2. simple predicate
• The simple predicate is the particular word or words that we use to express action. Modifiers are not part of it. • e.g. John was going to the store.
The Parts of a sentence
句子成分
Subject and Predicate
• Every complete sentence contains two parts: a subject and a predicate. • The subject is what (or whom) the sentence is about, while the predicate tells something about the subject.
一般的句式：verb+sb+sth=verb + sth.
+ to + sb. 这类动词后面的间接宾语后置时， 这类动词后面的间接宾语后置时，间 接宾语前要用介词to。 接宾语前要用介词 。 Please show me your passport. →Please show your passport to me. 请把护照给我看一下。 请把护照给我看一下。 But, our textbook has some new rules.
能接双宾语的动词
• • • • • • • • award sb sth 奖励某人 bring sb sth 把某物带给某人 offer sb sth owe sb sth 欠某人某物 pay sb sth 付给某人某物 show sb sth write sb sth promise sb sth
3. Compound subjects and verbs
• A compound subject is a subject that consists of two or more words connected ususally by and or or. • e.g. John and Nancy were there. • He reads, writes and speaks French fluently.
Thank you very much!
• 2）动词keep, make, paint, cut, find, consider, wipe等后面常接形容词用作宾 语补足语。 • e.g. 你让她很生气。 • You made her angry. • 理发师把我的头发剪短了 • The barber cut my hair short. • 我觉得教室很空。
（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
Complements
• 补语（Complement）是一种补足主语和宾 语意义的句子成分。 • 一、主语的补语：它用在系动词后，是句 子的一个基本成分。常用主－系－表结构 • e.g. Miss Li is a teacher. • He was called old Li. • His speech seemed tiresome. • The sky was dark blue.
• 主语(subject)：是一句的主体，是全句述说 的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一 般放于句首。 • 谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行 为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任， 放在主语的后面。
1. The simple subject
• when stripped of all the words that modify it, is known as the simple subject. • 去掉所有的修饰词后剩下的核心词语 • e.g. The green book is worth ten dollars.