四级完型词汇辨析(董仲蠡原创版)

1、excessive：If you describe the amount or level of something as excessive, you

disapprove of it because it is more or higher than is necessary or

reasonable.

超过了需要或合理的范围

...the alleged use of excessive force by police...

The government says that local authority spending is excessive.

extra：

1extra

You use extra to describe an amount, person, or thing that is added to others of the same kind, or that can be added to others of the same kind.

被加于相同事物或者可以被加于相同事物

Police warned motorists to allow extra time to get to work.

Extra staff have been taken on to cover busy periods.

There's an extra blanket in the bottom drawer of the cupboard.

ADJ: ADJ n

= additional

2extra

If something is extra, you have to pay more money for it in addition to what you are already paying for something.

加钱

For foreign orders postage is extra.

The price of your meal is extra.

additional：

Additional things are extra things apart from the ones already present.

现在已有事物的添加物

The US is sending additional troops to the region.

The insurer will also have to pay the additional costs of the trial.

added：

You use added to say that something has more of a particular thing or quality.

某件事物有特殊的东西或质量

For added protection choose moisturising lipsticks with a sun screen.

2、private：

1private

Private industries and services are owned or controlled by an individual person or a commercial company, rather than by the state or an official organization.

私人或私企的而不是政府或官方的

...a joint venture with private industry...

Bupa runs private hospitals in Britain.

Brazil says its constitution forbids the private ownership of energy assets.

2private

Private individuals are acting only for themselves, and are not representing any group, company, or organization.

代表个人的而不是代表其所在集团、公司或机构

...the law's insistence that private citizens are not permitted to have weapons...

The King was on a private visit to enable him to pray at the tombs of his ancestors.

The family tried to bring a private prosecution against him for assault.

3private

Your private things belong only to you, or may only be used by you.

只属于个人或者只能为你个人所用

The landowners have had to sell their private aircraft.

...They want more State control over private property...

There are 76 individually furnished bedrooms, all with private bathrooms.

I took the precaution of clearing out my desk before I left, and only my private secretary knows it.

4private

Private places or gatherings may be attended only by a particular group of people, rather than by the general public.

只能有一些特殊集体的人可以参加而不是大众

673 private golf clubs took part in a recent study.

The door is marked `Private'.

Brian Epstein was buried in a private ceremony at Long Lane Cemetery, Liverpool.

individual：

1individual

Individual means relating to one person or thing, rather than to a large group.

与一个人或事物相关而不是大集体

...waiting for the group to decide rather than making individual decisions...

Aid to individual countries would be linked to progress towards democracy.

Divide the vegetables among four individual dishes.

ADJ: ADJ n

2individual individuals

An individual is a person.

一个人

...anonymous individuals who are doing good things within our community.

...the rights and responsibilities of the individual...

A child's awareness of being an individual grows in stages during the

pre-school years.

N-COUNT

3individual

If you describe someone or something as individual, you mean that you admire them because they are very unusual and do not try to imitate other people or things.