【雅思】北京朗阁雅思2013年5月18日雅思阅读考题回顾
雅思阅读考题回顾
雅思A类阅读考题回顾（第二季度）Passage 2 资料考证来源于维基百科/wiki/SS_Great_Eastern After repairs, she plied for several years as a passenger liner between Britain and America, before being conv erted to a cable-laying ship and laying the first lasting”Brunel worked for several years as assistant engineer on the project to create a tunn el under London's River Thames 题目配对tunnel under river Thames -- which Brune was not responsible for itThough ultimately unsuccessful, another of Brunel's interesting use of technical inno vations was the atmospheric railway 配对建成不久就停止运营那项吧Great Eastern was designed to cruise non-stop from London to Sydney and back (s ince engineers of the time misunderstood that Australia had no coal reserves), and she remained the largest ship built until the turn of the century. Like many of Brunel's am bitious projects, the ship soon ran over budget and behind schedule in the faceof a series of technical problems.great eastern 配对建设推迟了很对次和财务上不成功我配了两个Great Britain is considered the first modern ship, being built of metal rather than wood, powered by an engine rather than wind or oars, and driven by propeller rather than paddle wheel. 配对成为广泛认可的标准忘了这个是不是第一题的段落包含信息题了其他记不住了有个火车站什么的配对Brunel 影响了反对者这个乱配的Passage 3According to science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein, "a handy short definition of almost all science fiction might read: realistic speculation about possible future events, based solidly on ade quate knowledge of the real world, past and present, and on a thorough understanding of the na ture and significance of the scientific method."Vladimir Nabokov argued that if we were rigorous with our definitions, Shakespeare's play Th e Tempest would have to be termed science fiction.Y/N/NG 第一题就纠结了题目是科幻小说很难下定义文中不是两种观点都有么但是自己答的Y 然后信息配对有一道是The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress is a 1966 science fiction novel by A merican writer Robert A. Heinlein, about a lunar colony's revolt against rule from Earth. 这门书貌似是配对它成功预测了人类登月Academic Reading 04/09/2010（，等考区）雅思阅读真题题源9.4号《九分达人》迷失的城CAMEL allows archaeologists to survey ancient cities without digging in the dirt, disturbing sitesLike a dromedary that cantravel a long distancewithout taking a drink ofwater, the OrientalInstitute’s CAMEL computerproject can traverse vast distances of ancient andmodern space withoutpausing for the usualrefreshment known best by archaeologists —digging in the soil. CAMEL (the Center forAncient Middle Eastern Landscapes) is at the leading edge of archaeology because of what it does not do and what it can do. First, it does not actually excavate. For a science based on the destructive removal of buried artifacts and an examination of them for meaning, CAMEL works in quite the opposite way: it aims to survey ancient sites and disturb them as little as possible.What CAMEL can do however, is remarkable. It organizes maps, aerial photography, satellite images and other data into one place, allowing archaeologists to see how ancient trade routes developed and to prepare simulations of how people may have interacted, given the limitations of their space, the availability of resources and the organization of their cities.CAMEL provides the wonderful opportunity “to see beyond the horizon,” said Scott Branting, Director of the project.Branting oversees the CAMEL project from a second-floor computer lab at the Oriental Institute. As he walks around, he shows off the dozen PCs that form the nucleus of the project, which invites faculty and students to pore through electronic images from throughout the Middle East. “;“The Near Eastern area is defined for the purposes of our collections as an enormous box stretching from Greece on the west to Afghanistan on the east, from the middle of the Black Sea on the north to the horn of Africa on the south,” he said as he turned on a computer to summon an image from the area.Up popped an aerial surveillance photograph taken for defense purposes during the Cold War. The image showed mounds on the surface of the steppe regions of modern Iraq, sites that are among the hundreds unexplored there Overlying aerial photographs show the ancient city wall at Kerkenes Dag in Turkey.that are potentially valuable sites for future excavation when archaeologists can safely return.“Because these images are images from the 1950s and 1960s, they show a terrain much different from what exists today,” he explained. Fields have covered much of the formally barren areas of the Middle East as irrigation has expanded farming. Sites that show up as mounds in photographs may today be leveled and hard to recognize. Some of the ancient material they contain, however, is still buried deep below the surface.Besides the aerial surveillance photographs, the collection includes some photographs taken by small planes in the early days of aerial photography.James Henry Breasted, founder of the Oriental Institute, was an early pioneer in the field and began taking photographs from a plane over sites in Egypt in 1920. Some of his early shots are a bit shaky, though, as he also experienced air sickness during that path-breaking effort.When the Oriental Institute launched an excavation in the 1930s at Persepolis in Iran, the art of aerial photography had progressed greatly, and stunning pictures of the ancient Persian capital helped demonstrate the scope of the city in a way nothing else could. Some of those photographs are on the walls of the Persian Gallery of the Museum of the Oriental Institute, and others are part of the CAMEL database.Oriental Institute scholars also used balloons rigged with cameras to catch overall shots of excavation sites.In addition to the aerial photographs, the collection also includes shots taken by NASA, Digital Globe and other organizations from satellites.Branting is in Turkey this summer working on a site that shows the value of nondestructive techniques such as those developed at CAMEL. He has been studying the ancient and mysterious city of Kerkenes Dag in central Turkey.The city, surrounded by a wall, is a square mile, huge by ancient standards, and is the largest preclassical site in Anatolia, the name for the ancient region that now includes Turkey. The city is about 30 miles from Hattusa, the capital of the ancient Hittite Empire.Although the city was an Iron Age site and was planned and built by powerful leaders capable of controlling a large work force, it is uncertain who held that power. Early scholars had speculated it may have been a rival to the Hittites, but a research team from the Oriental Instituteestablished in 1928 that the city was built sometime after the fall of the Hittites in about 1180 B.C.Geoffrey Summers of the Middle East Technical University in Ankara directed a new dig at the site beginning in 1993. Branting joined the project in 1995 as an Oriental Institute graduate student. Researchers from the Middle East Technical University and the Oriental Institute then joined efforts to work on the project together.From the beginning of the latest work at Kerkenes Dag, archaeologists have used nondestructive techniques to learn more about the site. Random trench work would probably not turn up much more information than was recovered in the 1928 Oriental Institute excavation, scholars have contended.“By employing a range of observational and remote sensing techniques across the entire area of the city, we have been able to fill in the blank spaces on an earlier map made by the Oriental Institute,” Branting said. The work, which includes the techniques used at CAMEL to map accurately a site with photographs, provided archaeologists a chance to work with a high degree of precision once digging began. Currently, another season of excavation is underway.“Since so much can be seen on the surface at Kerkenes Dag, this has proved to be a very effective technique,” Branting said.Global Positioning System technology has allowed scholars to record the minute topography of the entire ground surface within the site. “Never before in archaeology has this technique been undertaken on such a grand scale. The terrain model is the basis for ongoing work to produce a virtual reconstruction of the entire city, neighborhood by neighborhood, building by building,” he said.By using the techniques, the team was able to locate the gateway of the palace complex and find the first fragmentary inscriptions and reliefs to be recovered at the site. They have been able to date the site to the mid- to late-seventh century through the mid-sixth century B.C.Scholars believe the city may have been one referred to by Herodotus as Pteria, which was conquered by the Lydian King Croesus in a failed effort to block the advance of the Persian Empire.“If the equation of Kerkenes Dag with Pteria holds true, then we can even more precisely date the massive destruction of the city to around 547 B.C. and begin to underst and something of its international importance,” Branting said雅思阅读真题题源9.4号《九分达人》-----消费DematerializationUntil recently the role of consumption as a driving force for environmental change has not been widely explored. This may be due in part to the difficulty of collecting suitable data. The present chapter approaches the consumption of materials from the perspective of the forces for materialization or dematerialization of industrial products beyond the underlying and obviously very powerful forces of economic and population growth. Examination can occur on both the unit and the aggregate level of materials consumption. Such study may make it possible to assess current streams of materials use and, based on environmental implications, may suggest directions for future materials policy.The word dematerialization is often broadly used to characterize the decline over time in weight of the materials used in industrial end products. One may also speak of dematerialization in terms of the decline in “embedded energy” in industrial products. Colombo (1988) has speculated that dematerialization is the logical outcome of an advanced economy in which material needs are substantially satiated.1Williams et al. (1987) have explored relationships between materials use and affluence in the United States. Perhaps we should first ask the question: Is dematerialization taking place? The answer depends, above all, on how dematerialization is defined. The question is particularly of interest from an environmental point of view, because the use of less material could translate into smaller quantities of waste generated at both the production and the consumption phases of the economic process.But less is not necessarily less from an environmental point of view. If smaller and lighter products are also inferior in quality, then more units would be produced, and the net result could be a greater amount of waste generated in both production and consumption. From an environmental viewpoint, therefore, (de)materialization should perhaps be defined as the change in the amount of waste generated per unit of industrial products. On the basis of such a definition, and taking into account overall production and consumption, we have attempted to examine the question of whether dematerialization is occurring. Our goal is not to answer definitively the question whether society is dematerializing but rather to establish a framework for analysis to address this overall question and to indicate some of the interesting and useful directions for study. We have examined a number of examples even though the data are not complete.Undoubtedly, many industrial products have become lighter and smaller with time. Cars, dwelling units, television sets, clothes pressing irons,and calculators are but a few examples. There is, of course, usually a lower bound regarding how small objects such as appliances can be made and still be compatible with the physical dimensions and limitations of human beings (who are themselves becoming larger), as well as with the tasks to be performed.2 Apart from such boundary conditions on size and possibly weight of many industrial product units, dematerialization of units of products is perceived to be occurring.An important question is how far one could drive dematerialization. For example, for the automobile, how is real world safety related to its mass? In a recent study, Evans (1985) found that, given a single-car crash, the unbelted driver of a car weighing about 2,000 pounds is about 2.6 times as likely to be killed as is the unbelted driver of an approximately 4,000-pound car. The relative disadvantage of the smaller car is essentially the same when the corresponding comparison is made for belted drivers. For two-car crashes it was found that the driver of a 2,000-pound car crashing into another 2,000-pound car is about 2.0 times as likely to be injured seriously or fatally as is the driver of a 4,000-pound car crashing into another 4,000-pound car. These results suggest one of the reasons that dematerialization by itself will not be a sufficient criterion for social choice about product design. If the product cannot be practically or safely reduced beyond a certain point, can the service provided by the product be provided in a way that demands less material? lb return to the case of transportation, substituting telecommunications for transportation might be a dematerializer, but we have no data on the relative materials demand for the communications infrastructure versus the transportation infrastructure to meet a given need. In any case, demands for communication and transportation appear to increase in tandem, as complementary goods rather than as substitutes for one another.It is interesting to inquire into dematerialization in the world of miniaturization, not only the world of large objects. In the computer industry, for example, silicon wafers are increasing in size to reduce material losses in cutting. This is understandable if one considers that approximately 400 acres of silicon wafer material are used per year by IBM Corporation at a cost of about $100 million per acre. A processed wafer costs approximately $800, and the increase in total wafer area per year is about 10-15 percent. Although silicon wafers do not present a waste disposal problem from the point of view of volume, they are environmentally important because their manufacture involves the handling of hazardous chemicals. They are also interesting as an example of how the production volume of an aggressive new technology tends to grow because of popularity in the market. Moreover, many rather large plastic and metal boxes are required to enclose and keep cool the microchips madewith the wafers, even as the world's entire annual chip production might compactly fit inside one 747 jumbo jet. Thus, such new industries may tend to be simultaneously both friends and foes of dematerialization.The production of smaller and lighter toasters, irons, television sets, and other devices in some instances may result in lower-quality products and an increased consumer attitude to ”replace rather than repair.” In these instances, the number of units produced may have increased. Although dematerialization may be the case on a per-unit basis, the increasing number of units produced can cause an overall trend toward materialization with time. As an example, the apparent consumption of shoes, which seem increasingly difficult to repair, has risen markedly in the United States since the 1970s, with about 1.1 billion pairs of nonrubber shoes purchased in 1985, compared with 730 million pairs as recently as 1981 (Table 1).In contrast, improvements in quality generally result in dematerialization, as has been the case for tires. The total tire production in the United States has risen over time (Figure 1), following from general increases in both the number of registered vehicles and the total miles of travel. However, the number of tires per million vehicle miles of travel has declined (Figure 2). Such a decline in tire wear can be attributed to improved tire quality, which results directly in a decrease in the quantity of solid waste due to discarded tires. For example, a tire designed to have a service life of 100,000 miles could reduce solid waste from tires by 60-75 percent (Westerman, 1978). Other effective tire waste reduction strategies include tire retreading and recycling, as well as the use of discarded tires as vulcanized rubber particles in roadway asphalt mixes.Dematerialization of unit products affects, and is influenced by, a number of factors besides product quality. These include ease of manufacturing, production cost, size and complexity of the product, whether the product is to be repaired or replaced, and the amount of waste to be generated and processed. These factors influence one another as well (Figure 3). For example, the ease of manufacture of a particular product in smaller and lighter units may result in lower production cost and cheaper products of lower quality, which will be replaced rather than repaired on breaking down. Although a smaller amount of waste will be generated on a per-unit basis, more units will be produced and disposed of, and there may be an overall increase in waste generation at both the production and the consumption ends.Another factor of interest on the production end is scale. One would expect so-called economies of scale in production to lead to a set of facilities that embody less material for a given output. Does having fewer, largerplants in fact involve significantly less use of material (or space) than having more, smaller ones? At the level of the individual product, the shift from mainframe computers to personal computers, driven by desires for local independence and convenience, may also be in the direction of materialization.Among socioeconomic factors influencing society's demand for Mate- are the nature of various activities, composition of the work force, and income levels. For example, as a predominantly agricultural society evolves toward industrialization, demand for materials increases, whereas the transition from an industrial to a service society might bring about a decline in the use of materials. Within a given culture, to what extent are materials use and waste generation increasing functions of income?The spatial dispersion of population is a potential materializer. Migration from urban to suburban areas, often driven by affluence, requires more roads, more single-unit dwellings, and more automobiles with a consequent significant expansion in the use of materials. The movement from large, extended families sharing one dwelling to smaller, nuclear families may be regarded as a materializer if every household unit occupies a separate dwelling. Factors such as photocopying, photography, advertising, poor quality, high cost of repair, and wealth generally force materialization. Technological innovation, especially product innovation, may also tend to force materialization, at least in the short run. For example, microwave ovens, which are smaller than old-fashioned ovens, have now been acquired by most American households. However, they have come largely as an addition to, not a substitute for, previous cooking appliances. In the long term, if microwave ovens truly replace older ovens, this innovation may come to be regarded as a dematerializer. National security and war, styles and fashions, and fads may also function as materializers by accelerating production and consumption. Demand for health and fitness, local mobility, and travel may spur materialization in other ways.The societal driving forces behind dematerialization are, at best, diverse and contradictory. However, the result may indeed be a clear trend in materialization or dematerialization. This could be determined only through collection and analysis of data on the use of basic materials with time, particularly for industry and especially for products with the greatest materials demand. Basic materials such as metals and alloys (e.g., steel, copper, aluminum), cement, sand, gravel, wood, paper, glass, ceramics, and rubber are among the materials that should be considered. The major products and associated industries that would be interesting to study could well include roads, buildings, automobiles, appliances,pipes (metal, clay, plastic), wires, clothing, newsprint and books, packaging materials, pottery, canned food, and bottled or canned drinks.第一篇：1、达尔文进化论被拿来作鸟的研究拓展，动物多样性保护，是表格题，直接在文中找答案就行了2、T/F/NG。
【雅思】2013年8月24日雅思阅读考题回顾-推荐下载
【雅思】2013年8月24日雅思阅读考题回顾雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心宋媛婧考试日期：2013年8月24日methods developed for organic agriculture have been borrowed by more conventional agriculture. For example, Integrated Pest Management is a multifaceted strategy that uses various organic methods of pest control whenever possible, but in conventional farming could include synthetic pesticides only as a last resort.Crop diversityCrop diversity is a distinctive characteristic of organic farming. Conventional farming focuses on mass production of one crop in one location, a practice called monoculture. The science of agroecology has revealed the benefits of polyculture (multiple crops in the same space), which is often employed in organic farming. Planting a variety of vegetable crops supports a wider range of beneficial insects, soil microorganisms, and other factors that add up to overall farm health. Crop diversity helps environments thrive and protect species from going extinct.Soil managementOrganic farming relies heavily on the natural breakdown of organic matter, using techniques like green manure and composting, to replace nutrients taken from the soil by previous crops. This biological process, driven by microorganisms such as mycorrhiza, allows the natural production of nutrients in the soil throughout the growing season, and has been referred to as feeding the soil to feed the plant. Organic farming uses a variety of methods to improve soil fertility, including crop rotation, cover cropping, reduced tillage, and application of compost. By reducing tillage, soil is not inverted and exposed to air; less carbon is lost to the atmosphere resulting in more soil organic carbon. This has an added benefit of carbon sequestration which can reduce green house gases and aid in reversing climate change.Plants need nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as micronutrients and symbiotic relationships with fungi and other organisms to flourish, but getting enough nitrogen, and particularly synchronization so that plants get enough nitrogen at the right time (when plants need it most), is a challenge for organic farmers. Crop rotation and green manure ("cover crops") help to provide nitrogen through legumes (more precisely, the Fabaceae family) which fix nitrogen from the atmosphere through symbiosis with rhizobial bacteria. Intercropping, which is sometimes used for insect and disease control, can also increase soil nutrients, but the competition between the legume and the crop can be problematic and wider spacing between crop rows is required. Crop residues can be ploughed back into the soil, and different plants leave different amounts of nitrogen, potentially aiding synchronization. Organic farmers also use animal manure, certain processed fertilizers such as seed meal and various mineral powders such as rock phosphate and greensand, a naturally occurring form of potash which provides potassium. Together these methods help to control erosion. In some cases pHmay need to be amended. Natural pH amendments include lime and sulfur, but in the U.S. some compounds such as iron sulfate, aluminum sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and soluble boron products are allowed in organic farming.Mixed farms with both livestock and crops can operate as ley farms, whereby the land gathers fertility through growing nitrogen-fixing forage grasses such as white clover or alfalfa and grows cash crops or cereals when fertility is established. Farms without livestock ("stockless") may find it more difficult to maintain soil fertility, and may rely more on external inputs such as imported manure as well as grain legumes and green manures, although grain legumes may fix limited nitrogen because they are harvested. Horticultural farms growing fruits and vegetables which operate in protected conditions are often even more reliant upon external inputs.Biological research on soil and soil organisms has proven beneficial to organic farming. Varieties of bacteria and fungi break down chemicals, plant matter and animal waste into productive soil nutrients. In turn, they produce benefits of healthier yields and more productive soil for future crops. Fields with less or no manure display significantly lower yields, due to decreased soil microbe community, providing a healthier, more arable soil system.题型难度分析人名观点Matching题属于简单题型，定位非常容易。
2013年雅思考题回忆汇总
主要Part 1话题：
music sleep family howntown entertainment internet boat
主要Part 2话题：
an important plant in your country
a polite person
a language not english do you learn in the future
2月16日
Section 3 =新题V Section 3（一级预测命中）
●阅读
2月14日考试阅读部分为两新题一旧题，2月16日考试阅读部分为两旧题一新题，题目版本为：
2月14日
↘Passage 1—反刍动物（旧题）
↘Passage 2—新题
↘Passage 3—新题
2月16日
↘Passage 1—新手和专家（旧题）
task2——教育——In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?
trainning session
products that not satisfied
a film about real people or event
a garden you visited
person who has important job
2013年1月19日
【雅思】北京朗阁雅思2013年5月18日雅思阅读考题回顾
The scientific literature on the dangers of driving while sending a text message from a mobile phone, ortexting while driving, is limited. A simulation study at theMonash UniversityAccident Research Centre has provided strong evidence that both retrieving and, in particular, sending text messages has a detrimental effect on a number of critical driving tasks. Specifically, negative effects were seen in detecting and responding correctly to road signs, detecting hazards, time spent with eyes off the road, and (only for sending text messages) lateral position. Surprisingly, mean speed, speed variability, lateral position when receiving text messages, and following distance showed no difference. A separate, yet unreleased simulation study at theUniversity of Utahfound asixfoldincrease in distraction-related accidents when texting.
【雅思】2013年8月17日雅思阅读考题回顾
因为每段都会有答案，因此现在所需要做的事情就是到每段去找答案。要注意在选出信息后，要Biblioteka 选出的段落上做上记号，以免浪费时间。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑7 Test 1 Passage 1
剑7 Test 3 Passage 1
Reading Passage 2
Title:
美国三个地方的图书馆介绍
2.完全乱序
由于这种题型是要求把细节信息与所在的段落进行配对，因此是绝对打乱顺序出题的。
3.部分题目存在重复选项
在雅思阅读中，段落细节配对题以两种形式出现，一种是每个选项只能用一次，另外一种题型，在Instruction的最后一句往往有这样的提示：
NB You may use any letter more than once.
如果出现这样的提示，则说明某些段落可以重复选用。剑桥真题集中的真题以及笔者、考生的实际考试经历证明，这种指令往往意味着有且仅有一个选项可以使用两次。
4.从题量上来看，存在着以下两种可能：
1)题量=段落数+1（肯定带NB）
2)题量小于段落数两个以上
由于每个选项只能重复使用一次，因此第一种题型就意味着每个段落都会有至少一个答案，而第二种题型则不能保证每段都有。
题型难度分析
本次阅读考试总体难度中等偏上，三篇文章都出现了段落细节配对题，这种题型是无序的细节题，需要考生在全篇文章中浏览寻找信息。对于水平较好的考生，可以以较快的速度浏览文章，但是对于大部分考生来说如果要看完全文可能来不及。建议考生可以通过理解段落主题句，理清文章脉络，再把信息搭配到适合的段落中。
旧金山一直没钱建图书馆，所以他们建图书馆很慢，花了很久的时间。这反而是一件好事，因为缓慢的建造过程帮助他们躲过了一次地震。
【雅思】北京朗阁2013年7月27日雅思阅读考题回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心王玉梅
考试日期：
2013年7月27日
Reading Passage 1
Title:
澳大利亚resort的旅游和保护
Question types:
Multiple Choices;
Matching;
Summary;
文章内容回顾
开始讲了NorthStradbrokeIsland is an Australian island in the state of Queensland, 30 km southeast of the capital Brisbane. Before 1896 the island was part of theStradbrokeIsland. In that year a storm separated it from SouthStradbrokeIsland, forming theJumpinpinChannel.
Learning timesreduced,an average of 40 to 60 percent, as found by Brandon Hall (Web-based Training Cookbook, 1997, p. 108).
Increased retentionand application to the job averages an increase of 25 percent over traditional methods, according to an independent study by J.D. Fletcher (Multimedia Review,Spring 1991, pp.33-42).
All collaborative learning theory contends that human interaction is a vital ingredient to learning. Consideration of this is particularly crucial when designing e-learning, realizing the potential for the medium to isolate learners. With well-delivered synchronous distance education, and technology like message boards, chats, e-mail, andtele-conferencing, this potential drawback is reduced. However, e-learning detractors still argue that the magical classroom bond between teacher and student, and among the students themselves, can not be replicated through communications technology.
【北京雅思】2013年9月7日雅思阅读考题回顾
如果题目所在句子里出现了“逻辑关系”，那么文章中相对应的句子里也会出现同样的“逻辑关系”。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑桥真题8 Test 2
Reading Passage 3
Title:
Remember This
Question types:
Summary选词填空题；人名+理论配对题；选择题；
2013年雅思题目汇总(截止到10月12日)
2013年雅思写作真题汇总2013.01.05Task 1: 饼状图Task 2: Some people spend more time reading books, while others prefer to watch TV.The former group are more likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of language skills. Do you agree or disagree?2013.01.10Task 1；曲线图Task 2：It is said that work is the most important thing of people's life. Without the success of career, life will become meaningless. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?2013.01.12Task 1: 柱状图Task 2: In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?2013.01.19Task 1; 饼状图Task 2: In modern society, fatherhood should be emphasized as much as motherhood. Do you agree or disagree?2013.02.02Task 1: 柱状图Task 2: Some people say watching television is bad for Children in all ways, others say it is good for children to get knowledge.2013.02.14Task 1：地图题Task 2：Some people think young people should be free to choose his or her job，but other people think they should be realistic and think more about their future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.16Task 1：柱状图Task 2：Some people think all lawbreakers should be taken in to prison, others believe that there are better alternatives, (for example, being work to do which is beneficial for local community). Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.23Task 1: 流程图Task 2：Not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. What's the reasons for this problem? What's the effects to the society?2013.03.02Task 1：柱状图Task 2：Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom. Do you think the advantages of this development overweight the disadavantages?2013.03.09Task 1：柱状图Task 2：Some think that people should go to college or university to prepare for a successful career. Others believe that they should get a job immediately after they leave school to get more work experience. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2013.03.14Task 1：表格Task 2：It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn’t worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree ?2013.03.23Task 1: 曲线图Task 2: Scientific progress influences our daily life greatly. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?2013.04.06Task 1: 曲线图Task 2: 100 years ago, human race believed we would make continue progress in all areas of life. Today, some people feel less certain about this. what areas of progress human race has made? What else areas we haven't developed?2013.04.13Task 1: 柱状图Task 2: As countries develope, their populations tend to live individually or in a small family units. In your opinion, what is this cause and what are the effects on society.2013.04.18Task 1: 柱状图+表格图Task 2：Some people think that it is acceptable to use animals in medical research for the benefit of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong.2013.04.27Task 1：地图题Task 2：Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and developknowledge, other people think that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.2013.05.11Task 1：曲线图Task 2: Today, the qualities of life of people in big cities are worse. What are the causes of this problem? Any measures should be taken to solve it?2013.05.16Task 1: 表格Task 2: People nowadays are surrounded by all kinds of advertising. Advertising affects what people think is important and sometimes has a negative influence on people’s lives. o what extent do you agree or disagree?2013.05.18Task 1: 地图题Task 2: Some people think all children learn history in school is important; some others think learning subjects more relevant to life is important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2013.05.25Task 1: 柱状图+表格Task 2: Some people think government should not spend money on supporting artists and money should be spent on more important things. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2013.06.06Task 1: 饼状图Task 2: It is a government’s responsibility to provide financial sup port to old people after they retire or individuals should save money for themselves.Discuss both views and give your own opinion2013.06.08Task 1: 两个饼状图+一个柱状图Task 2: Nowadays people are encouraged to buy more and more consumer products. Some people think it is good for the economy.However,others think it does great harm to the whole society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.06.15Task 1: 柱状图Task 2: Some people think that parents have a great influence on their children, others believe that the media is a bigger influence。
【雅思】北京朗阁2013年7月13日雅思阅读考题回顾
The fish of the deep-sea are among the strangest and most elusive creatures on Earth. In this deep unknown lie many unusual creatures that have yet to be studied. Since many of these fish live in regions where there is no naturalillumination, they cannot rely solely on their eyesight for locating prey and mates and avoiding predators; deep-sea fish haveevolvedappropriately to the extreme sub-photicregion in which they live. Many of these organisms are blind and rely on their other senses, such as sensitivities to changes in local pressure and smell, to catch their food and avoid being caught. Those that aren’t blind have large and sensitive eyes that can usebioluminescentlight. These eyes can be as much as 100 times more sensitive to light than human eyes. Also, to avoid predation, many species are dark to blend in with their environment.
2013年雅思阅读考题回顾(三)
2013年4月18日雅思阅读考试回忆刘美超老师简介：环球雅思教研主管。
中国石油大学英语专业科班出身，持有专业英语八级证书、教师资格证书。
“三维一体”听力教学，集场景教学、做题技巧与应试策略于一体；授课亲切自然，实力与技巧完美结合。
深谙雅思各级学员状况，量体裁衣，为学生提供无间隙性服务！使用说明：本文系环球雅思教研主管刘美超老师征集，环球雅思学校赵晨老师撰写的原创文章。
赵晨老师主讲雅思阅读，写作，英语翻译硕士，专业八级，专业笔译口译。
完整版回忆可直接去环球雅思论坛进行下载。
阅读： 2篇旧题第一篇：斯里兰卡水箱Q1-6: Summary 填空题 ( NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS)1. What is the major way for local people make b arely a support of living in Muthukandiya village?Crop production B段第三行2. Where can adult workers make extra money from in daytime?Sugar-cane plantations3. What have been dug to supply water for daily household life?Three wells4. In which year did the plan of a new project to lessen the effect ofdrought begin?19985. Where do the gutters and pipes collect rainwater from?roofs of houses6. What help family obtain more water for domestic needs than those relying on only wells and ponds?Storage tanksQ7-14: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN7. NGMost of the government’s actions and other programs have somewhat f ailed.8. YESMasons w ere trained for the constructing parts of the rainwater harvesting system.9. NOThe cost of rainwater harvesting systems was shared by local villagersand the local government.10. YESTanks increase both the amount and quality of the water for domestic use.11. NOTo send her daughter to school, a widow had to work for a job in rainwater harvesting scheme.12. NOT GIVENHouseholds benefited began to pay part of the maintenance or repairs.13. NOT GIVENTraining two masons at the same time is much more preferable to training single one.14. NOOther organizations had built tanks larger in size than the tanks builtin Muthukandya.第二篇：化学发展史1-6: Information Containing:1. The development of various scientific methods D2. A reference of personal connection between different sciences B3. Explain the limitation of chemical equipment at that time D4. Applicable devices invented within chemistry E5. History of great leaping development of chemist F6. The unstable political situation of different countries A7-13: Summary:Chemistry rely on __________, just as ____rely on eyes, and _______need devices such as _________ in early chemistry, chemists used differentnumber of ________ to control temperature of the fires. Although _____was known in classic Greece and it seems to have been invented and made inVenice or northern Italy about 1289. _____________ was put in the thermometer which made chemistry further development.7. Tools8. Astronomy9. Burning glass10. Physics11. Candles12. Pendulum13. Alcohol/mercury thermometer环球雅思学校刘美超微博名：YS美超环球雅思学校教研中心微博名：环球雅思教研中心。
【雅思】北京朗阁雅思2013年5月18日雅思口语考题回顾
5. Do you like your major and why?
6. What courses or subjects do you study?
7. What is your favorite subject?
8. What is the most useful subject?
4. Do you like your job, why or why not?
5. Do you find your job interesting?
6. What are your main responsibilities in your job?
7. Is working important to you?
5. Are there any entertainment places near your school?
6. Have you recently been to any place for entertainment?
7. Do you think modern lifestyles give people enough time for entertainment?
4. Is it a typical house/flat in your city?
5. What kind of house or flat do you want to live in the future?
6. Do you like the decoration in your home, why or why not?
4. Is dancing good to people?
5. Does China have any traditional dance?
2013年5月18日雅思阅读考试真题回忆
资料来源:教育优选 / 2013年 5月 18日雅思阅读考试真题回忆
雅思报名官网》》雅思考试新手指南》》
乐静老师雅思阅读快报:
阅读第一篇生理类驾驶中接电话的影响, ASQ+7到 TFNG ;第二篇两种 A 什么的蚂蚁, 段落加相关信息的 M+选各自特点的 M+2道 MC ; 第三篇心理类乐乐大机经中的 " 选择与幸福感 " 。
阅读第一个讲开车的注意力会被什么影响各种实验, 有简答题和对错题。
感觉一起好像做过。
第二个讲蚂蚁的各种的, 针对两种蚂蚁来说。
之前也做过。
第三篇讲决定的。
都没有 heading 题。
雅思阅读考题回顾
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心郑虹考试日期： 2015年10月10日Reading Passage 1Title: SeedHuntingQuestion types: 判断题6题摘要填空题5题多选题2题文章内容回顾大意是有一个群体，他们的职业就是收集种子，在全球各地行走，为生物科技公司或者药品公司收集植物的种子。
除了科研以外，还可以帮助我们保留正在濒危或者可能灭绝的植物。
因为这些努力，很多本应该灭绝的物种被保留了下来。
有个叫seed banks的地方专门用于安置植物种子，其负责人表示，在这些植物消失之前，能有人用行动拯救它们是非常可喜的。
但是很多这类seed banks也面临着资金短缺的问题。
题型难度分析1-6判断题1. The purpose of collecting seeds now is different from the past. TRUE2. The millennium seed bank is the earliest seed bank. NOT GIVEN3. One of major threats for plant species extinction is farmland expansion into wildness. TRUE4. The approach that scientists apply to store seeds is similar to that used by farmers. TRUE5. Technological development is the only hope to save plant species. FALSE6. The works of seed conservation are often limited by financial problems. TRUE7-11摘要填空题Some people collect seeds for the purpose of protecting certain species from 7. extinction; others collect seeds for their ability to produce 8. drugs/crops. They are called seed hunters. The 9. pioneers of them included both gardeners and botanists, such as 10. Sir Joseph Banks, who financially supported collectors out his own pocket. The seeds collected are usually stored in seed banks, one of which is the famous millennium seed bank, where seeds are all stored in the 11. underground vaults at a low temperature.12-13多选题Which Two of the following are provided by plants to the human?选：A & BA. foodB. fuelsC. clothesD. energyE. commercial products本篇文章的难度中等，第一个题型是判断题，判断题是雅思阅读必考题型，大家在备考的时候应该格外注意，判断题出题按顺序，不难定位到。
【雅思】北京朗阁2013年6月8日雅思阅读考题回顾
Direct Cause and Effect
The report demonstrates that if 100 million more homes were using liquefied petroleum gas or other cleaner fuels for cooking, then 473 million fewer people would be exposed to harmful indoor air pollution, and respiratory diseases would cause 282,000 fewer deaths each year.
Indoor Pollution Kills Millions Every Year
Cooking with solid fuels on open fires or traditional stoves creates high levels of indoor air pollution, which is a major risk factor for pneumonia among children and chronic respiratory disease among adults. Indoor smoke contains many pollutants that can damage health, such carbon monoxide and particulate pollution levels that may be 20 times higher than accepted guidelines.
2013年4月27日雅思阅读考题回顾
2013年4月27日雅思阅读考题回顾来源：朗阁培训中心编辑：xm 发布日期:2013-05-06 摘要：厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了4月27日雅思阅读考题回顾以及备考建议。
考试日期：2013年4月27日Reading Passage 1Title:Odd and Curious MoneyQuestion types:Matching多选文章内容回顾历史发展类，关于钱币的发展。
第一段先从最早的巴比伦说起，第二段提到了中国的刀币，之后提到泰国的tiger bar钱币（其中还提到一开始有用tiger claw当作钱币流通的，后来由于泰国与西方国家经济贸易的需要政府开始推行并大力生产tiger bar钱币），再之后就提到了日本的money tree和tomo什么的钱币，再后来提到某个岛屿用whale teeth 做钱币，同时它是身份的象征，首领们把它们穿在项链上，而且只有首领能用。
相关英文原文阅读Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, and related objects. While numismatists are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other payment media used to resolve debts and the exchange of goods. Early money used by people is referred to as "Odd and Curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes in prison). The Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit and gave small change in lambskins;[1] the lambskins may be suitablefor numismatic study, but the horse is not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals and gems. Today, most transactions take place by a form of payment with either inherent, standardized or credit value. Numismatic value may be used to refer to the value in excess of the monetary value conferred by law. This is also known as the "collector value."Economic and historical studies of money's use and development are an integral part of the numismatists' study of money's physical embodiment.EtymologyFirst attested in English 1829, the word numismatics comes from the adjective numismatic, meaning "of coins". It was borrowed in 1792 from French numismatiques, itself a derivation from Late Latin numismatis, genitive of numisma, a variant of nomisma meaning "coin".[2] Nomisma is a latinisation of the Greek ν?μισμα(nomisma) which means "current coin/custom",[3] which derives from νομ?ζω(nomizō), "to hold or own as a custom or usage, to use customarily",[4] in turn from ν?μος (nomos), "usage, custom",[5] ultimately from ν?μω (nemō), "I dispense, divide, assign, keep, hold".[6][edit]History of moneyMain article: History of moneyMoney itself is made to be a scarce good throughout its history, although it does not have to be. Many items have been used as money, from naturally scarce precious metals and cowry shells through cigarettes to entirely artificial money, called fiat money, such as banknotes. Many complementary currencies use time as a unit of measure, using mutual credit accounting that keeps the balance ofmoney intact.Modern money (and most ancient money too) is essentially a token – an abstraction. Paper currency is perhaps the most common type of physical money today. However, goods such as gold or silver retain many of the essential properties of money.[edit]History of numismaticsCoin collecting may have existed in ancient times. Caesar Augustus gave "coins of every device, including old pieces of the kings and foreign money" as Saturnalia gifts.[7]Petrarch, who wrote in a letter that he was often approached by vinediggers with old coins asking him to buy or to identify the ruler, is credited as the first Renaissance collector. Petrarch presented a collection of Roman coins to Emperor Charles IV in 1355. The first book on coins was De Asse et Partibus (1514) by Guillaume Budé.[8] During the early Renaissance ancient coins were collected by European royalty and nobility. Collectors of coins were Pope Boniface VIII, Emperor Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis XIV of France, Ferdinand I, Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg who started the Berlin coin cabinet and Henry IV of France to name a few. Numismatics is called the "Hobby of Kings", due to its most esteemed founders.Professional societies organized in the 19th century. The Royal Numismatic Society was founded in 1836 and immediately began publishing the journal that became the Numismatic Chronicle. The American Numismatic Society was founded in 1858 and began publishing the American Journal of Numismatics in 1866.In 1931 the British Academy launched the Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum publishing collections of Ancient Greek coinage. The first volumeof Sylloge of Coins of the British Isles was published in 1958. In the 20th century as well the coins were seen more as archaeological objects. After World War II in Germany a project, Fundmünzen der Antike (Coin finds of the Classical Period) was launched, to register every coin found within Germany. This idea found successors in many countries.In the United States, the US mint established a coin Cabinet in 1838 when chief coiner Adam Eckfeldt donated his personal collection.[9] William E. Du Bois’ Pledges of History (1846)describes the cabinet.C. Wyllys Betts' American colonial history illustrated by contemporary medals (1894) set the groundwork for the study of American historical medals.[edit]Modern numismaticsModern numismatics is the study of the coins of the mid-17th century onwards, the period of machine struck coins. Their study serves more the need of collectors than historians and it is more often successfully pursued by amateur aficionados than by professional scholars. The focus of modern numismatics lies frequently in the research of production and use of money in historical contexts using mint or other records in order to determine the relative rarity of the coins they study. Varieties, mint-made errors, the results of progressive die wear, mintage figures and even the socio-political context of coin minting are also matters of interest.SubfieldsMain articles: Exonumia, Notaphily, and ScripophilyExonumia is the study of coin-like objects such as token coins andmedals, and other items used in place of legal currency or for commemoration. This includes elongated coins, encased coins, souvenir medallions, tags, badges, counterstamped coins, wooden nickels, credit cards, and other similar items. It is related to numismatics proper (concerned with coins which have been legal tender), and many coin collectors are also exonumists.Notaphily is the study of paper money or banknotes. It is believed that people have been collecting paper money for as long as it has been in use. However, people only started collecting paper money systematically in Germany in the 1920s, particularly the Serienscheine (Series notes) Notgeld. The turning point occurred in the 1970s, when notaphily was established as a separate area by collectors. At the same time, some developed countries such as the USA, Germany and France began publishing their respective national catalogues of paper money, which represented major points of reference literature.Scripophily is the study and collection of stocks and Bonds. It is an interesting area of collecting due to both the inherent beauty of some historical documents as well as the interesting historical context of each document. Some stock certificates are excellent examples of engraving. Occasionally, an old stock document will be found that still has value as a stock in a successor company. [edit]NumismatistsThe term numismatist applies to collectors and coin dealers as well as scholars using coins as source or studying coins.The first group chiefly derive pleasure from the simple ownership of monetary devices and studying these coins as private amateur scholars. In the classical field amateur collector studies have achieved quite remarkable progress in the field. Examples areWalter Breen, a well-known example of a noted numismatist who wasnot an avid collector, and King Farouk I of Egypt was an avidcollector who had very little interest in numismatics. Harry Bassby comparison was a noted collector who was also a numismatist.The second group are the coin dealers. Often called professionalnumismatists, they authenticate or grade coins for commercialpurposes. The buying and selling of coin collections bynumismatists who are professional dealers advances the study ofmoney, and expert numismatists are consulted by historians, museumcurators, and archaeologists.The third category are scholar numismatists working in publiccollections, universities or as independent scholars acquiringknowledge about monetary devices, their systems, their economy andtheir historical context. An example would be Kenneth Jenkins.Coins are especially relevant as source in the pre-modern period.题型难度分析本篇的多选和配对题难度都有一些大，话题难度也较高。
【雅思】北京朗阁2013年7月6日雅思阅读考题回顾
Theoozlumbird, also spelledouzelum, is alegendary creaturefound in Australian and British folk tales and legends. Some versions have it that, when startled, the bird will take off and fly around in ever-decreasing circles until it manages to fly up itself, disappearing completely, which adds to its rarity.[1]Other sources state that the bird flies backwards so that it can admire its own beautiful tail feathers, or because while it does not know where it is going, it likes to know where it has been.
Generic portals and search engineslaunched similar services and companies that stood to benefit from increased internet shopping (especially credit card and delivery firms) launched similar sites.
雅思考试阅读考题回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心王飞燕
考试日期：
2013年7月6日
Reading Passage 1
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The scientific literature on the dangers of driving while sending a text message from a mobile phone, ortexting while driving, is limited. A simulation study at theMonash UniversityAccident Research Centre has provided strong evidence that both retrieving and, in particular, sending text messages has a detrimental effect on a number of critical driving tasks. Specifically, negative effects were seen in detecting and responding correctly to road signs, detecting hazards, time spent with eyes off the road, and (only for sending text messages) lateral position. Surprisingly, mean speed, speed variability, lateral position when receiving text messages, and following distance showed no difference. A separate, yet unreleased simulation study at theUniversity of Utahfound asixfoldincrease in distraction-related accidents when texting.
Texting while driving received greater attention in the late 2000s, corresponding to a rise in the number of text messages being sent. Over a year approximately 2,000 teens die from texting while driving. Texting while driving attracted interest in the media after several highly publicized car crashes were caused by texting drivers, including a May 2009 incident involving aBostontrolley car driver who crashed while texting his girlfriend. Texting was blamed in the2008 Chatsworth train collisionwhich killed 25 passengers. Investigations revealed that the engineer of that train had sent 45 text messages while operating.
On July 27, 2009, theVirginia TechTransportation Institute released preliminary findings of their study of driver distraction in commercial vehicles. Two studies, comprising about 200long-haultrucksdriving 3 million combined miles, used video cameras to observe the drivers and road; researchers observed "4,452 safety-critical events, which includes crashes, near crashes, crash-relevant conflicts, and unintended lane deviations." 81% of the safety critical events had some type of driver distraction. Text messaging had the greatestrelative risk, with drivers being 23 times more likely to experience a safety-critical event when texting. The study also found that drivers typically take their eyes off the forward roadwayfor an average of four out of six seconds when texting, and an average of 4.6 out of the six seconds surrounding safety-critical events.
The low number of scientific studies may be indicative of a general assumption that if talking on a mobile phone increases risk, then texting also increases risk, and probably more so. Market research byPinger, a company selling a voice-based alternative to texting reported that 89% of U.S. adultsthink that text messaging while driving is "distracting, dangerous and should be outlawed." TheAAAFoundation for Traffic Safety has released polling data that show that 87% of people consider texting and e-mailing while driving a "very serious" safety threat, almost equivalent to the 90% of those polled who consider drunk driving a threat. Despite the acknowledgement of the dangers of texting behind the wheel, about half of drivers 16 to 24 say they have texted while driving, compared with 22 percent of drivers 35 to 44.
Ants formcoloniesthat range in size from a few dozen predatory individuals living in small natural cavities to highlyorganisedcolonies that may occupy large territories and consist of millions of individuals. Larger colonies consist mostly of sterile wingless females forming castes of "workers", "soldiers", or otherspecialisedgroups. Nearly all ant colonies also have some fertile males called "drones" and one or more fertile females called "queens". The colonies sometimes are described assuperorganismsbecause the ants appear to operate as a unified entity, collectively working together to support the colony.
Detail Matching
文章内容回顾
讲一种蚂蚁和真菌共生。先讲它们的一些基本情况，然后说这类蚂蚁其实也有很多分类，比如说A和B,然后用一段在讲A和B的区别。然后就有科学家做实验，因为发现了这类共生的真菌基因的独特性正在降低。有个人做实验，但限于当时的分子生物学技术，他没有成功，但指明了一些方向。后来人们发现共生菌有个宿敌，是某种病毒，事实上是病毒驱使共生蚂蚁和细菌成为现在这种情况的。
2.排除考点词，在余下的词中找定位词，去原文定位。
3.重点考察考点词是否有提及，是否正确。
TRUE的原则是同义替换，至少有一组近义词。
FALSE是题目和原文截然相反，不可共存，通常有至少一组反义词。
NOT GIVEN原文未提及，不做任何推断，尤其多考察题目的主语等名词在原文是否有提及。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
题型难度分析
根据考生反映，第一篇不是很难。
题型技巧分析
是非无判断题是雅思阅读考试的经典题型，首先应该注意看清是TRUE还是YES,本篇是TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN
解题步骤：
1.速读问题的句子，找出考点词（容易有问题的部分）。考点词：比较级，最高级，数据（时间），程度副词，特殊形容词，绝对化的词（only, most, each, any, every, the same as等）