高三英语阅读专项之主旨大意

高考英语阅读微技能训练

专题三主旨大意

一、考点解读

归纳主旨大意的题目是为了考查考生识别中心论点、主题思想的能力。这种题型考查学生能否分辨主要信息和次要信息、是否具备提纲挈领的能力。解题时要跳出一词一句，避免“以偏盖全，以次充主”；要通读全文，把握文章的结构层次、作者的写作思路和写作意图。

二、常见的提问方式

主旨题的提问方式可以概括为两种:

1. 直接提问

What is the main/general/central idea of this passage?

The main point of the passage is ______.

The passage deals mainly with _______. /The passage is mainly about /is primarily concerned with _______. The passage is about _______.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Which sentence best expresses the main idea?

Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

The conclusion we can get from the passage is _______.

What does the first/second paragraph mainly talk about?

2．起标题

What is the best title for the passage?

三、解题方法

（一）直接提问题型的解题方法：

1. 找主题句，确定主旨

主旨题最基本的解题方法就是找主题句。直接提问的主旨题分为确定篇章主旨题和段落主旨题。

(1) 篇章主旨

为了更快地找到篇章主题句，学生有必要熟悉文章的结构模式。非记叙文体的结构模式：opening paragraph: ( introduction) 即引言部分，引出所要讨论的对象。

topic sentence 主题句通常出现在段落开头，间或出现在段落中间或结尾部分。

body supporting details

(concluding sentence)

concluding paragraph 重述全文的中心思想。

主题句的呈现形式可分为以下几种：

A. 主题句放在文首

文首开门见山, 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想，这是最常见的演绎法写作方式。通常说明文及议论文的主题句位于文首。

例如：

Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skill (读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (IT A) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in the children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistant Dogs (READ).

The Salt Lake City Public Lib rary is sold on the idea. “Literary specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect，and regard reading as a headache.” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department. Last November the two groups started “Dog Day Afternoon” in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.

The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.

Q: What is mainly discussed in the text?

A. Children’s reading difficulties

B. Advantages of raising dogs

C. Service in a public library

D. A special reading program

B. 主题句放在文末

在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。一般说来，记叙文的主题常位于文末，是点睛之笔。

例如：

While I was waiting outside my wife’s office building for her to get out of work, I saw a beggar coming my way from across the parking lot.

“I hope he doesn’t ask me for any money,” I thought.

He didn’t.

He came and sat in front of the bus stop, but he didn’t look like he could have enough money to ride the bus. After a few minutes he spoke. “That’s a pretty car,” he said, pointing to my car. He was ragged (衣衫褴褛), but he had an air of dignity about himself.

I gave him a smile and continued cleaning my car.

He sat there quietly as I worked. The expected asking for money never came. As the silence between us widened, it seemed that a voice inside me said, “Ask him if he needs any help.” I was sure that he would say “yes”, but I listened to the inner voice.