自动化立体仓库-毕设论文外文翻译(翻译+原文)
立体车库外文翻译
Numerical control technology and equipment trend of developmentThe equipment industry technical level and the modernized degree were deciding the entire national economy level and the modernized degree, the numerical control technology and the equipment are the development emerging high technology and new technology industry and the state-of-art industr y (for example defense industry industries and so on information technology and industry, biological technology and industry, aviation, astronautics) enables the technology and the most basic equipmen t. Marx had said “each kind of economical time difference, does not lie in produces any, but how l ies in produces, with any means of labor production”. The technique of manufacture and the equip ment is the humanity produces active the most basic producer goods, but the numerical control tech nology also is advanced now the technique of manufacture and the equipment most core technology. Now the various countries manufacturing industry widely uses the numerical control technology, sh arpens the manufacturing capacity and the level, enhances to the dynamic changeable market adaptiv eness and competitive ability. In addition in the world various industries developed country also list s as the national strategic resources the numerical control technology and the numerical control equi pment, not only takes the significant measure to develop own numerical control technology and the industry, moreover implements the blockade and the limit policy in “precise and advanced” the n u merical control key technologies and the equipment aspect to our country. In brief, develops vigorou sly take the numerical control technology has become the world each developed country acceleration economy development as the core advanced technique of manufacture, enhances the comprehensive national strength and the national status important way. The numerical control technology is carries on the control with the numerical information to the mechanical movement and the work process t he technology, the numerical control equipment is take the numerical control technology as represent ative's new technology the integration of machinery product which forms to the traditional manufact ure industry and the emerging manufacturing industry seepage, namely so-called digitized equipment, its technical scope cover very many domains: (1) machine manufacture technology; (2) informationprocessing, processing, transmission technology; (3) automatic control technology; (4) servo actuates the technology; (5) sensor technology; (6) software technology and so on. 1 numerical control tech nology trend of development Not only the numerical control technology application has brought the revolutionary change for the traditional manufacturing industry, causes the manufacturing industry to become the industrialization the symbol, moreover along with numerical control technology unceasi ng development and application domain expansion, he to national economy and the people's liveliho od some important professions (IT, automobile, light industry, medical service and so on) developme nt more and more vital role, because these professions must equip the digitization already was the modern development major tendency. The numerical control technology and the equipment developm ent tendency looked from the present world that, its main research hotspot has following several aspect [1~4]. 1.1 high speed, high precision work technology and equipm ent new tendency The efficiency, the quality are the advanced technique of manufacture main bodie s. High speed, the high precision work technology may enhance the efficiency enormously, enhances the product the quality and the scale, reduces the production cycle and sharpens the market compe tition ability. Lists as one of 5 great modern techniques of manufacture for this Japan Tip Technolo gy Research board it, the international production project learns (CIRP) its determination is one of 21st century central research directions. In the passenger vehicle industry domain, yearly produces 3 00,000 production metres was 40/s，moreover the multi-variety processing is one of key questions which the passenger vehicle equipment must solve; In the aviation and the astronavigation industry domain, its processing spare part many for the thin wall and the thin muscle, the rigidity is very b ad, material for aluminum or aluminum alloy, only then in the high cutting speed and the cutting f orce very small situation, can to these muscles, the wall carry on the processing. Recently uses the large-scale overall aluminum alloy semifin ished materials “pull out spatially” the method to make t he wing, the fuselage and so on the large-scale components substitutes many components through th e multitudinous rivets, the bolt and other joint way assembling, causes the component the intensity,the rigidity and the reliability obtains the enhancement. These all to processed the equipment to pro pose high speed, Gao Jing and the high flexible request. Unfolds from EMO2001 meets the situatio n to look that, processes the center feed rate to be possible high speed to reach 80m/min, even hig her, the aerial transport stroke speed may reach 100m/About min. At present in the world many aut omotive factories, including our country's Shanghai General Motors, already used by the high speed processing center composition production line part substitution aggregate machine-tool. American CI NCINNATI Corporation's HyperMach engine bed feed rate reaches 60m/most greatlymin, fast is 100 m/min, the acceleration reaches 2g, the main axle rotational speed has reached 60 000r/min. Process es a thin wall airplane part, only uses 30min, but the same components need 3h in the common hi gh speed milling machine processing, needs 8h in the plain milling machine processing; The Germa n DMG Corporation's double main axle lathe main axle speed and the acceleration respectively reac h 12*! 000r/mm 和1g。
立体车库机械外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业设计外文资料翻译系别：工程技术系专业：机械设计制造及其自动化姓名：裴吉星学号： 052116292015年 4 月 6 日外文原文The Stereo Garagege1.1An overview of the stereo garageVehicles parked nowhere is the problem of the urban social,economic and transport development to a certain extent the result,Garage Equipment development in foreign counties,especially in Japan nearly 30-40 years.Whether technically or in terms of experience had been a success.China is also in the beginning of tht 1990s developed mechanical parking equipment,which was 10years in the past.Because a lot of new residentd in the district with the ratio of 1:1.To address the size of parking spaces for tenants and business areas contradictions 3D mechanical parking equipment with an average size of a small motorcycle’s unique characheristics,the majority of users have been accepted.Compared with the traditional natural underground garage,Machinery garage demonstrates its superiority in many respects.First,the mechanical garage must elapse enough lanes,the average car will occupy an area of 40 square meters,If the use of double-mechanical garage,which would enable ground to improve the utilization rate of around 80% to 90%,If using ground multi-storey(21 storey),three-dimensional garage,50 square meters of land area will be placed on the 40cars,which can greatly save the limited land resources,Civil and save demelopment costs. To underground garage,Mechanical garage can be more effective to ensure personal and vehicle safety in the garage or car kept prospective location,the entire electronic control equipment would not operate.It should be said that the mechanical garage from the management can do a thorough separation of people and vehicles.In the underground garage using mechanical parking,it also can remove the heating ventilation;therefore,Operation of the power consumption than workers in the management of underground garage is much lower.Mechanical garage don’t usually do complete system,but as a single machine containers.This will give full play to its small space,the adwantages of decentralized,Each of the residential areas or groups downstairs to make a complete circuit can be set up random mechanical parking building.This garage of the district can solve the shortage of parking difficulty in providing convenient conditions right now.Currently,three-dimensional garage mainly in the following forms:lifting and transferring,aisle stacking garage,vertical garage,vertical cycle,box-level cycle,the level of circulating round.1.1.1Lifting and transferringLifting and transferring Garage modular design,each module can be designed into two,three,four levels,the five-story,swmi-submerged in various forms,such as the number of parking spaces from a few to hundreds.Three-dimensional garage applies to the ground and underground car parks,configuration flexibility and cost is low.1.Product fratures:⑴Save land,the configuration flexibility,and shorter construction period.⑵Low prices,firefighting and exterior decoration,with a total investment on smallfoundations.⑶Use automatic control,simple structure,safe and reliable.⑷Access to a quick,short waiting time.⑸Run a smooth,low noise⑹Applies to commercial,offices,and residential quarters supporting the use of car parks.2.Safety devices:anti-dropping device,a photoelectric sensor,spacing protectors, Emergency stop switch.1.1.2Aisle stacking garageAisle stacking garage used as a stacking machine tool access vehicles.All vehicles are stacking machine access,so the techinal requirements for stacker higher,a single stacker cost is higher.So aisle stacking apply to the parking garage need a few more customers.1.1.3Vertical GarageVertical Garage Elevator similar to the principle that both sides of the hoist layout spaces.Generally need a ground vehicle rotary tables can be saved by the driver away.Vertical Garage generally higher high(tens of meters),safety equipment, Installation precision machining requirements are very high,high cost,but has the smallest area.1.1.4Vertical cycleProduct features:⑴cover an area of small;two berths area can stop 6-10 vehicles.⑵The decoration can be added only roof,fire hydrants available.⑶Low prices,foundation.external decoration,fire and other small investmentmshort construction periods.⑷Use automatic control,safe and reliable operation.2.1The stereo garage automatic control systemThe modern large-scale building mainstream is intelligent mansion and community.So,automated parking equipment or garage automatic control system will become intelligent mansion and an important part of community.Simple,fast,easy to use,safe,reliable.and less maintenance,to provide users with a safe,easy to use equipment operating conditions , vehicles parked in time , vehicle storage Malaysia,Garage storage capacity.Vehicles kept high and low peaks,and other information can be transmitted through the network of intelligent control center through intelligent control center operator,and the broadcasting system and the management office of the Division linked related to early release control, management information,thus achieving all the intelligent management.Buliding and the Community through the intelligent control of the center could also associate with social nerworking functions.Information released to the collection coming out or expands utilization of the garage social and economic benefits.This will be the automation of the development direction of the garage.Solid Garage automation control system include the following five major subsystems:automatic toll collection management system automatic access systems for remote diagnosis system,automatic gate,control security system.Subsystems are more unified control of the central control room,for customers planning Garage form of management,Published garage inventory capacity,traffic control program.2.1The stereo garage automatic control systemThe modern large-scale building mainstream is intelligent mansion and community.So,automated parking equipment or garage automatic control system will become intelligentmansion and an important part of community.Simple,fast,easy to use,safe,reliable,and less maintenance,to provide users with a safe,easy to use environment operating conditions,vehicles parked in time,vehicle storage Malaysia,garage storage capacity.Vehicles kept high and low peaks,and other information can be transmitted through the network of intelligent control center through intelligent control center operator,and the broadcasting system and the management office of the Division linked related to early release control,management information,thus achieving all the intelligent management.Buliding and the Community through the intelligent control of the center could also associate with networking rmation released to the collection coming out or expands utilization of the parage social and economic benefits.This will be the automation of the development direction of the garage.Solid Garage automation control system include the following five major subsystems:automatic toll collection management system automatic access systems for remote diagnosis system,automatic Gate,control security system.Subsystems are more unified control of the central control room,for customers planning Garage form of management,Published garage inventory capacity,traffic control program.2.1.1Automatic Toll Management SystemAutomatic charge adopts contactless IC card.IC card points long-term card and the stored-card.For fixed users,the issue of long-term cards,the cost of fixed users pays management fees paid together;on the temporary users,issue stored-value cards,namely:the user fees paid cards exist within each parking card reader automatically deducted from the cost.2.1.2Automatic vehicle access systemAutomatic vehicle access system is generally controlled by small PLC.Including the identification card number and mobile disc contains two cars ers enter the garage at the entrance to Swiping cards,reader data automatically transmitted to the PLC control system,PLC system through the judgment card number and automatically set the corresponding site mobile trucks and vehicles to the handover location,the garage door opened,shorten the time access to cars.Truck drivers light singles in accordance with be normal light-Kai.Access car after thr completion of the garage doors shut down automatically.Mobile site contains car,the system in strict accordance with the various signal detection mobile state,including long signal detection,Detection in place,the position detection limit,officers hit detection, emergency stop signal detection.If cars are running plate is not in place or vehicle length in excess of the permitted length of the garage,all vehicles disc will contain no ancion.If detected emergency stop signal to stop all action until the emergency stop signal disappeared.Above,signals are hardware signals,in addition,the software can also be installed to control signal protection,such as the protection of the time,to ensure that the damage due to hardware failure to singal equipment and the main guarantee for the safety of vehicles.2.1.3Remote diagnosis systemControllers can spot card, hubs and other network equipment and control center connected to the LAN,MODEN through remote management,monitoring the operation of the scane,when the scene failure, in the control center can be addressed to facilitate the management,e-office secutity personnel.2.1.4Automatic GateIn the garage entrance of the no-contact reader,and the Gate of coil users in the garage entrances Swiping cards,the system automatically discriminates validity of the card,if valid,the Gate open automatically,through induction coils,Automatic self-closing fence;If invalid,the Gate is not open,sound and alarm.2,1,5Monitoring security systemMonitoring security system is in the central control room for monitoring and controlling the operation of the garage scene conditions.It has motion detection,licence plate recognition,network connections,different types of alarm systems linkage,and other functions,can be achieved unguarded.System catalog:Video monitoring function:the garage entrances,and the duty,the main segments within the garage installation focusing cameras.On the larger spaces installation spherical platforms,in order toachieve all-round garage on real-time monitoring.If the garage light conditions of the poor would use black-and-white cameras.Motion Detection functions:setting up the night in the garage of motion diction retion,detecting when there a moving target,Motion Detection and Alarm function remind staffs. LPR functions:it can set up the garage lighr vehicle license plates,vehicle.When the light vehicles entering the garage regional surveillance,the system automatically cross-referenced with images of a very odd situation,issued awarning signal and automatic switching and record their images.Alarm linkage function:all can move even the police mainframe,if activated Relay acousto-optic warning issued notice of security personnel to voluntarily disarm Gate interception of vehicular access.Digital video functions:it with a continuous record of what happened in the garage, can be synchronized intervals over images arbitrary choice of the overall image to enlarge and local amplification,recording,playback,backup can be conducted all kinds of information. Reportedly,has begun an increasing number of residential quarters began to use a mechanical garage.Taking into account the cost and maintenance,the majority of the district is a multi-storey lifting and transferring parking equipment,mass storage mechanical garage also rarely.Lifting and transferring Garage Equipment parking flow indicate the following:1、The sense of light yellow instructions garage operationRed lamp was ongoing operating instructions,please wait;Green light is currentlyno operating instructions,can operate;yellow light instructions were to fail,the garage cannot work.2、The operationDriver of vehicles enter from the garage entrance.At the entrance of non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards,induction process completed,the fence automatically rises driver drove into the garage.The fence shut down automatically after vehicles entering.Card is the controller to read spaces,corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location,Automatic garage door open units.Car drivers entering and parking in place,Latin hand brake,alighted out of the garage,using IC cards in the garage exit Huang about IC cards Garage door modules to shut down pleted deposit truck operators.3、Collect the car operationDriver entering the garage at the entrance to the non-contact secsors Reader formor regionalshaken following their IC cards Controller automatically read spaces,corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site qautomatically transfer vehicle location,Automatic garage door open modules,drivers entering the garage and drive out,in the garage exit of the automatic reader receive information,Host controller cutomatically recorded,prepaid,automatically raising the fence,the driver drove the playing field,appeared after fencing to shut down automatically.Meanwhile,Controller automatically read spaces,corresponding to the garage door unit shut down automatically.Vehicle operation finished. The garage has a complete self-protection device in the course of operation.A series of photoelectric switches,proximity switches,trip switches and other vehicles on site contains accurate operation in place to play a decisive role;falling unique defense installations,broken rope warning device,speeding vehicle protection device to protect the security role played.Detection of long vehicles,vehicle parking is not in place detection,and personnel into a detection signal of vehicles and the safety play a decisive role.翻译立体车库1.1立体车库概述车辆无处停放的问题是城市的社会、经济、交通发展到一定程度产生的结果，立体停车设备的发展在国外，尤其在日本已有近30-40年的历史，无论在技术上还是在经验上均已获得了成功。
[VIP专享]立体仓库--文献翻译
![[VIP专享]立体仓库--文献翻译](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/24a0a589cc7931b764ce1574.png)
Industrial RobotsA robot is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulating machine with several reprogrammable axes, [1]which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.The key words are reprogrammable and multipurpose because most single-purpose machines do not meet these two requirements. The term “reprogrammable” implies two things: The robot operates according to a written program, and this program can be rewritten to accommodate a variety of manufacturing tasks. The term “multipurpose” means that the robot can perform many different functions, depending on the program and tooling currently in use.Over the past two decades, the robot has been introduced into industry to perform many monotonous and often unsafe operations. Because robots can perform certain basic tasks more quickly and accurately than humans, they are being increasingly used in various manufacturing industries.Structures of RobotsThe typical structure of industrial robots consists of 4 major components: the manipulator, the end effector, the power supply and the control system, as shown in Fig.17.1.Fig.17.1 Structures of RobotsThe manipulator is a mechanical unit that provides motions similar to those of a human arm. It often has a shoulder joint, an elbow and a wrist. It can rotate or slide, stretch out andwithdraw in every possible direction with certain flexibility.The basic mechanical configurations of the robot manipulator are categorized as cartesian, cylindrical, spherical and articulated. A robot with a cartesian geometry can move its gripper to any position within the cube or rectangle defined as its working volume. Cylindrical coordinate robots can move the gripper within a volume that is described by a cylinder. The cylindrical coordinate robot is positioned in the work area by two linear movements in the X and Y directions and one angular rotation about the Z axis. Spherical arm geometry robots position the wrist through two rotations and one linear actuation. Articulated industrial robots have an irregular work envelope. This type of robot has two main variants, vertically articulated and horizontally articulated.The end effector attaches itself to the end of the robot wrist, also called end-of-arm tooling. It is the device intended for performing the designed operations as a human hand can. End effectors are generally custom-made to meet special handling requirements. Mechanical grippers are the most commonly used and are equipped with two or more fingers. The selection of an appropriate end effector for a specific application depends on such factors as the payload, environment, reliability, and cost.The power supply is the actuator for moving the robot arm, controlling the joints and operating the end effector. The basic types of power sources include electrical, pneumatic, and hydraulic. Each source of energy and each type of motor has its own characteristics, advantages and limitations. An ac-powered or dc-powered motor may be used depending on the system design and applications. These motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy to power the robot. Most new robots use electrical power supply. Pneumatic actuators have been used for high speed, nonservo robots and are often used for powering tooling such as grippers. Hydraulic actuators have been used for heavier lift systems, typically where accuracy was not also required.The control system is the communications and information-processing system that gives commands for the movements of the robot. It is the brain of the robot; it sends signals to the power source to move the robot arm to a specific position and to actuate the end effector. It is also the nerves of the robot; it is reprogrammable to send out sequences of instructions for all movements and actions to be taken by the robot.An open-loop controller is the simplest form of the control system, which controls the robot only by following the predetermined step-by-step instructions. This system does not have a self-correcting capability. A close-loop control system uses feedback sensors to produce signals that reflect the current states of the controlled objects. By comparing those feedback signals with the values set by the programmer, the close-loop controller canconduct the robot to move to the precise position and assume the desired attitude, and the end effector can perform with very high accuracy as the close-loop control system can minimize the discrepancy between the controlled object and the predetermined references.Robot ApplicationsThe robot is a very special type of production tool; as a result, the applications in which robots are used are quite broad. These applications can be grouped into three categories: material processing, material handling and assembly.In material processing, robots use tools to process the raw material. For example, the robot tools could include a drill and the robot would be able to perform drilling operations on raw material.Material handling consists of the loading, unloading, and transferring of workpieces in manufacturing facilities. These operations can be performed reliably and repeatedly with robots, thereby improving quality and reducing scrap losses.Assembly is another large application area for using robotics. An automatic assembly system can incorporate automatic testing, robot automation and mechanical handling for reducing labor costs, increasing output and eliminating manual handling concerns. Fig.17.2 is SCARA Robot for automatic assembly.Fig.17.2 SCARA Robot for Automatic Assembly工业机器人机器人是一种自动控制的，可重复编程的，多功能的，由几个可重复编程的坐标系来操纵机器的装置，它可以被固定在某地，还可以是移动的以在工业自动化工厂中使用。
外文翻译--关于自动化立体仓库使用双货叉问题的探讨
附录一 外文翻译An Analysis Of Dual Shuttle Automated Storage/Retrieval SystemsBrett A. Peters August 1, 1994AbstractThis paper addresses the throughput improvement possible with the use of a dual shuttle automated storage and retrieval system. With the use of such a system, travel between time in a dual command cycle is virtually eliminated resulting in a large throughput improvement. The dual shuttle system is then extended to perform an equivalent of two dual commands in one cycle in a quadruple command mode (QC). A heuristic that sequences retrievals to minimize travel time in QC mode is developed. Monte Carlo simulation results are provided for evaluating the heuristic's performance and show that it performs well, achieving large throughput improvements compared with that of the dual command cycle operating under the nearest neighbor retrieval sequencing heuristic. Keywords:Automated Storage/Retrieval Systems Design; Automated Storage/Retrieval Systems Operation; Material Handling Systems; Performance Modeling and AnalysisIntroductionAutomated storage/retrieval systems (AS/RS) are widely used in warehousing and manufacturing applications. A typical unit load AS/RS consists of storage racks, S/R machines, link conveyors, and input/output (I/O) stations. An important system performance measure is the throughput capacity of the system. The throughput capacity for a singleaisle is the inverse of the mean transaction time, which is the expected amount of time required for the S/R machine to store and/or retrieve a unit load. The service time for a transaction includes both S/R machine travel time and pickup/deposit time. This time typically depends on the configuration of the storage rack and the S/R machine specifications. Han et al. [2] improved the throughput capacity of the AS/RS through sequencing retrievals. Intelligently sequencing the retrievals can reduce unproductive travel between time when the S/R machine is traveling empty and thereby increase the throughput. They develop an expression for the maximum possible improvement in throughput if travel between is eliminated for an AS/RS that is throughput bound and operates in dual command mode. In essence, this means that if the S/R machine travels in a single command path but performs both a storage and a retrieval operation, the above throughput improvement could be obtained.In this paper, we analyze an alternative design of the S/R machine that has two shuttles instead of one as in a regular AS/RS. The new design eliminates the travel between the storage and retrieval points and performs both a storage and a retrieval at the point of retrieval, thereby achieving the maximum throughput increase calculated by Han et al. [3]. The dual shuttle AS/RS is a new design aimed at improving S/R machine performance. most studies on AS/RS systems have been based on a single shuttle design. In our analysis of the dual shuttle AS/RS performance, we build upon these previous research results.Alternative S/R Machine DesignA typical unit-load AS/RS has an S/R machine operating in each aisle of the system. The S/R machine has a mast which is supported at the floor and the ceiling and travels horizontally within the aisle. Connected to this mast is a shuttle mechanism that carries the unit load and moves vertically up and down the mast. The shuttle mechanism also transfers loads in and out of storage locations in the rack. Figure 1 provides an illustration of the single shuttle S/R machine.Figure 1. Single Shuttle S/R Machine DesignA typical single shuttle AS/RS can perform a single command cycle or a dual command cycle. A single command cycle consists of either astorage or a retrieval. For a storage, the time consists of the time to pickup the load at the I/O point, travel to the storage point, deposit the load at that point, and return to the I/O point. The time for a retrieval is developed similarly.A dual command cycle involves both a storage and a retrieval in the same cycle. The cycle time involves the time to pickup the load at the I/O point, travel to the storage location, place the load in the rack, travel empty to the retrieval location, retrieve a load, return to the I/O point, and deposit the load at the I/O point.If we critically analyze the dual command cycle of the S/R machine (shown by the solid line in Figure 2), a potential open location for a future storage is created when a retrieval is performed. Furthermore, if both a retrieval and a storage are performed at the same point, the travel between time (TB) is eliminated, and the travel time will be equal to the single command travel time. With the existing AS/RS design, this mode of operation is not possible; therefore, an alternative to the S/R machine, a dual shuttle R/S machine, is proposed.Figure 2. Dual Command Travel Paths of S/R and R/S MachinesR/S Machine OperationConsider an S/R machine with two shuttle mechanisms instead of one. This new S/R machine could now carry two loads simultaneously. Each shuttle mechanism could operate independently of the other, so that individual loads can still be stored and retrieved. An illustration of the dual shuttle S/R machine is shown in Figure 3. This new S/R machine would operate as described below.Figure 3. Dual Shuttle S/R Machine DesignThe S/R machine picks up the item to be stored from the I/O point, loads it into the first shuttle, and moves to the retrieval location. After reaching the retrieval location, the second shuttle is positioned to pickup the item to be retrieved. After retrieval, the S/R machine positions the first shuttle and deposits the load. The S/R machine then returns to the I/O point. The operation can easily be seen as a single command operation plus a small travel time for repositioning the S/R machine between the retrieval and storage (as well as the additional pickup and deposit time associated withthe second load). Therefore, the S/R machine now operates as an R/S machine performing a retrieval first then a storage in a dual command cycle.Since the R/S machine has two shuttles, the position of the shuttles has a role in the operation of the system. With two shuttles, the R/S machine is able to perform a dual command cycle at one location in the rack. This operation is accomplished by first retrieving the load onto the empty shuttle, transferring the second shuttle into position, and storing the load into the empty location in the rack. However, the choice of shuttle configuration does not impact the analysis in this paper.To perform these operations, the R/S machine must move the second shuttle into position after the first shuttle has completed the retrieval. Due to the small distance involved, the R/S machine will use a slower creep speed for positioning, but this travel time is generally small. Furthermore, an amount of creep time is usually included in the pickup and deposit time to account for this required positioning. A second design characteristic is that additional clearance beyond the first and last row and column of the rack must be provided for over travel of the R/S machine to accommodate both shuttle mechanisms.Throughput ImprovementTo estimate the throughput improvement by the dual shuttle system over existing designs, we use the expressions for single command and dual command cycle times developed by Bozer and White [1] and the tabulated values for the nearest neighbor heuristic from Han et al. [4]. In developing the expressions, the authors in [1] and [4] made several assumptions. The same assumptions hold for the new design and include the following.1. The rack is considered to be a continuous rectangular pick face where the I/O point is located at the lower left-hand corner of the rack.2. The rack length and height, as well as the S/R machine velocity in the horizontal and vertical directions, are known.3. The S/R machine travels simultaneously in the horizontal and vertical directions. In calculating the travel time, constant velocities are used for horizontal and vertical travel. Acceleration and deceleration effects areimplicitly accounted for in either a reduced top speed or an increased pickup and deposit time. A creep speed is used for repositioning the dual shuttle.4. Pickup and deposit times associated with load handling are assumed constant and, therefore, these could be easily added into the cycle time expressions.5.The S/R machine operates either on a single or dual command basis, i.e., multiple stops in the aisle are not allowed. (This assumption is later relaxed for the new R/S machine to perform a quadruple command cycle.)6. For the nearest neighbor heuristic, a block of n retrievals is available for sequencing and there are m initial open locations in the rack face. Dual Shuttle S/R SystemsThe new design of the S/R machine has two shuttles and therefore could be operated as a dual shuttle system: carrying two loads and depositing them, retrieving two loads, and returning to the I/O point to deliver them as shown in Figure 4. The above operation can be performed by storing and retrieving the loads at four different locations. Therefore, the travel time would consist of the time for a single command travel plus three travel between times. To more efficiently perform the 4 operations, a retrieval and storage performed at one location is interspersed with a dual command operation. This mode of operation, termed the quadruple command (QC) cycle, eliminates one travel between and is more efficient than the previous mode mentioned above (see Figure 5). The QC cycle can be performed with storages at randomized locations and retrievals processed in a first-come-first-served (FCFS) manner. However, by intelligently sequencing the retrieval list, the travel time in performing the four operations can be significantly reduced. This type of analysis was used by Han et al. [4] to improve the throughput of a single load AS/RS. In our paper, we build on the results of their analysis. The notation and the assumptions mentioned in section 2.2. still hold, except that multiple stops of the S/R machine are now allowed.Figure 4. S/R Machine Path Performing Four Operations At Four Locations.Figure 5. S/R Machine Path Performing Four Operations At Three Locations.ConclusionsThis paper performs an analysis of dual shuttle automated storage and retrieval systems. Several contributions have been made including the following.1.Throughput improvements in the range of 40-45% can be obtained using the quadruple command cycle relative to dual command cycles witha single shuttle system.2.With the dual shuttle design, travel between is virtually eliminated for a dual command cycle.The dual shuttle system shows promise for situations requiring high throughput. The main disadvantage with the new design is the extra cost of the S/R machine. An economic evaluation is needed to determine if it is appropriate for a particular situation. However, based on throughput performance, the dual shuttle design appears promising.The concept of dual shuttle systems can also be extended to other material handling systems. Furthermore, research is needed to consider other storage strategies, such as class based storage policies, to examine their impact on throughput in conjunction with the dual shuttle design. This paper provides a framework for analyzing dual shuttle AS/RS, and it provides a foundation for other material handling research related to this concept.关于自动化立体仓库使用双货叉问题的探讨布雷特·彼得斯布雷特·彼得斯August 1, 1994 摘要 本文通过在自动化立体仓库中运用双货叉设计，来提高立体仓库的吞吐量。
立体仓库中英文对照外文翻译文献
立体仓库中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)由一个单一的存储/检索机服务的多巷道自动化立体仓库存在的拣选分拣问题摘要随着现代化科技的发展，仓库式存储系统在设计与运行方面出现了巨大的改革。
自动化立体仓库（AS / RS）嵌入计算机驱动正变得越来越普遍。
由于AS / RS 使用的增加对计算机控制的需要与支持也在提高。
这项研究解决了在多巷道立体仓库的拣选问题，在这种存储/检索（S / R）操作中，每种货物可以在多个存储位置被寻址到。
提出运算方法的目标是，通过S/R系统拣选货物来最大限度的减少行程时间。
我们开发的遗传式和启发式算法，以及通过比较从大量的问题中得到一个最佳的解决方案。
关键词：自动化立体仓库，AS / RS系统，拣选，遗传算法。
1.言在现今的生产环境中，库存等级保持低于过去。
那是因为这种较小的存储系统不仅降低库存量还增加了拣选货物的速度。
自动化立体仓库（AS / RS），一方面通过提供快速响应，来达到高操作效率；另一方面它还有助于运作方面的系统响应时间，减少的拣选完成的总行程时间。
因此，它常被用于制造业、储存仓库和分配设备等行业中。
拣选是仓库检索功能的基本组成部分。
它的主要目的是，在预先指定的地点中选择适当数量的货物以满足客户拣选要求。
虽然拣选操作仅仅是物体在仓储中装卸操作之一，但它却是“最耗时间和花费最大的仓储功能。
许多情形下，仓储盈利的高低就在于是否能将拣选操作运行处理好”。
（Bozer和White）Ratliff和Rosenthal，他们关于自动化立体仓库系统（AS/RS）的拣选问题进行的研究，发明了基图算法，在阶梯式布局中选取最短的访问路径。
Roodbergen 和de Koster 拓展了Ratliff 和Rosenthal算法。
他们认为，在平行巷道拣选问题上，应该穿越巷道末端和中间端进行拣选，就此他们发明了一种动态的规划算法解决这问题。
就此Van den Berg 和Gademann发明了一种运输模型(TP)，它是对于指定的存储和卸载进行测算的仪器。
(完整word版)升降横移立体车库英文文献原文
Status of the development of solid garageStereo garage is the storage which is used for automatic parking and scientific storage of kinds of automobile. As the quantity of urban automobile has increased continuously in nowadays ,the hard-to-park problem has become a common phenomenon. Mechanical stereo garage can use land resource sufficiently and bring space advantage into play and maximize the number of parking cars. It has become an important way for static traffic problem of cities. The issue studies the type mechanical parking system which named up-down and translation stereo garage, and regards of the two factors of manufacture and operational efficiency synthetically.On the basis of investigation on current situation and developing trend of garage in domestic and abroad, we choose three-layer and three-formulistic garage structure as the research model. According to the form of the dragging-forms of multi player up-down and translation ear-base, it is made of three pares -part of ear-base structure part of driving-framework and part of control system. The paper simply introduces main structure and characteristics of garage and also gives a short introduction to its control system. The finite element reliability checking of steel structure of garage is utilized according to the operation principle of up-down and translation stereo garage, the mechanics was used to comprehensively analyze the up-down and translation stereo garage the mechanics was used to comprehensively analyze the up-down and translation stereo garage. Including intension of the framework structure axes etc. The paper adopted PLC as control system in designing the up-down and translation stereo garage, PLC software of OMRON company was used to weave the program of control system, through debugging running. The result proved that adopted PLC as control system is simple and easy to realize. The characteristic of stabilization ,credibility , speediness and high capability made the control system very perfection of mechanical parking systems-general safety requirement and the facts of the up-down and translation stereo garage the paper introduced some safety technique which was used in the up-down and translation stereo garage. This can ensure absolute safety for car and make the whole stereo garage safety and running smooth .On the base of the project "Optimal design of the mechanisms in the stereoscopic garage"，some mechanisms in the lift park garage has been designed optimally. At the first, we established the running mode and the structure of the mechanisms adapted to the running mode. And then, we chose the immobile comb as the parking space andthe steel structure framework as support, the optimal design on the two mechanisms was carried through. The optimal design on the immobile comb and the steel structure framework was carried through with augmented multipliers method. At the end, the result of the optimal design is that the immobile comb will be more reasonable and decreased the whole weight of the garage and the load of the steel structure framework, and the weight of the steel structure framework become more light.With the rapid development of shanghai ,the settlement of the difficult of parking of shanghai has already reached the very urgent stage. In the city center where every inch of land is precious ,especially the area which such vehicles as the hotel ,market ,shopping center location ,etc. Dr.eye.concentrate ,can only develop to the sky ,to underground ,so has built and already to a great deal of three-dimensional garage parking reached the essential stage ,at the same time there are many advantages too in the three-dimensional garage parking.First ,economize the space. Generally speaking ,its floor space is about 1/2~1/25 of the level parking area ,machinery type "three-dimensional" .The garage can both be installed with ground underground ,the greatest advantage can fully utilize the small area to develop to the high altitude, try one's best to store more vehicles ,the place that the land resource in short supply ,the vehicle is big in capacity to park in the way best. For example ,are most suitable for using "vertical circulation" on the limited residential quarter ground on the space three-dimensional garage of the type. 8 storey s of every groups of this kind of garage ,that is to say ,only parked the three-dimensional garage built up on the area of a car and park 8 cars originally.Second ,automation is controlled ,easy to use. The three-dimensional automatic degree of garage parking is very high ,can hoist or lower the rotatory type ,for example ,district residents come off duty and park ,so long as according to the number that the brass-wind instrument is corresponding with the parking stall ,this parking stall will be rotated and landed to the ground ,after the car owner parks the good vehicle ,and then according to the number ,the parking stall circles round and rises ,restored to the throne again. From a complete set and install the intellectual administrative system of the parking area after installing the large-scale underground parking of the three-dimensional garage ,go on one on duty to manage hour through professional staff member of technical training.Third ,three-dimensional garage build cost lower than the traditional parking area greatly. It is reported, the occupation of land and building cost in the traditional parking area is quite high. Do not generally get on very well ,ordinary each occupation of land in the parking stall ,about 15 square meters ,the floors ,the floor space of each parking stall of underground parking is above 25 square meters at least on the ground. If use the three-dimensional garage parking, can park one group and 8 parking stalls of three-dimensional garage parking on the vacant lot of 30 square meters ,the average floor space of each parking stall is less than 4 square meters. In respect to building cost ,the house property developer of the district builds an underground parking stall to need to invest 60,000-80,000 yuan at present ,the construction cost of some top-grade underground parking stalls of office building is up to more than ten ten thousand yuan especially. If install the three-dimensional garage ,is it increase parking stall is can cost stand thin to reach 50,000-60,000 yuan each construction of parking stall to try one's best in a situation that the area of space does not change.Fourth, it is safe and reliable and beautifying the environment. Allocate the automatic detection system, various kings of sage organizations, autoalarm , fire-fighting system and other stick precautions facility. The automobile will not damage , loses. Suit measures to local conditions, utilize fragmentary vacant lot , shape beautiful garage beyond mix ,beautify the urban environment.。
(完整版)外文翻译改立体车库(可编辑修改word版)
本科毕业设计外文文献及译文文献、资料题目:Specification. Analysis andVerification of an AutomatedParking Garage文献、资料来源：谷歌学术文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2005院（部）机电工程学院专业：机械工程及自动化班级：机械112姓名：江治国学号：2011071154指导教师：刘辉翻译日期：2015.3.10外文文献:Speciflcation^ Analysis and Verification of an Automated Parking Garage Aad Mathijssen，A. Johannes PretoriusAbstractIn this report we discuss the specification, analysis and verification of an automated parkinggarage in mCRL2, a process algebra with data. We view the parking garage as a system that weconceplually divide into three layers: a logical layer, a safety layer and a hardware abstractionlayer. This allows us to abstract from implementation details (hardware abstraction layer) andalgorithm design (logical layer). Instead, we are able to focus on the specification of acommunication interface between these two layers that only allows safe system behavior. Thisinterface constitutes the safety layer. For the safety layer, we identify and fonnuiate a number of requirements. These are verified and reported on. We also discuss the analysis of the specificationof the safety layer with a simple custom visualization tool. This tool was implemented as a plug-in to the mCRL2 toolset and helped us gain important insights during the specification andanalysis of the safety layer.1IntroductionDuring the past two decades process algebras have become increasingly popular tools fordescribing complex systems that interact with their environment (5]・ Such systems differ fromclassic batch processes that receive input, process the input, preduce output and then terminate. Instead, their behavior is continuously influenced by information that they receive from their environment. An automated p arking garage is a p rime exam pie of such a system. It is in op eration24 hours a day, 7 days a week; it is continuously on standby, ready to stowaway and retrieve carsfor users. Furthermore, the state of the garage is constantly changing as cars are added andremoved. At any p oint in time, this state influences which op erations are possible and how theyare executed.Process algebra allows for high-level descriptions of systems that interact with theirenvironment. A system is regarded as a number of interacting processes that together describe its behaviour. In this way a mathematical model is acquired and this is used to prove variousProperties of the system using mathematical proof techniques. The process algebra used in this report is mCRL2 [3]. It succeeds and extends pCRL [4, 5].With pCRL a large number of real-world systems have been analysed and verified- Some of the successes that pCRL has booked include the detection of an unknown deadlock in the most complex variant of the sliding window protocol [L 11], the identification of a number of errors in a distributed lifting system for trucks [2] and the discovery of two errors in a Java distributed memory impleinentation [9]. From all these experiinents we unfortunately have had to formulate the 100% rule: in 100% of the cases considered, systems turn out to contain more or less serious errors, which are not very hard to detect.An important characteristic of mCRL2 and its predecessor pCRL is the inclusion of data .Experience has shown that in real-world systems data is of parainount importance [6]. In addition to the execution of actions, it is often the case that data is stored and communicated, thus having a significant influence on system behaviour.In the remainder of this report we discuss the specification of an automated parking garage in mCRL2・ We also discuss the analysis and verification of the system and the techniques used. In section 2 we provide more details on the challenges presented by this system. In section 3 we outline the approach we have taken to address these issues and we explain how we conceplually divide the system into three layers. This allows us to concentrate on one layer, the safety layer.which we believe is essential in verifying that the system is safe. We follow this by a discussion of mCRL2 and the mCRL2 toolset in section 4. In sections 5, 6 and 7 we specify the hardware abstraction layer, the safety layer and the logical layer respectively. We treat the hardware abstraction layer and the logicallayer tersely but reveal more details of the safety layer: we provide a specification, formulate a number of safety requirements and verify these. In section 8 we describe a simple visualization plug-in for the inCRL2 toolset as well as the insights we gained from using it. Finally, we draw conclusions in section 9.2Problem descriptionThe parking garage that we are concerned with was commissioned by developers in Bremen,Germany and was designed by the Dutch comp any CVSS Automated Parking Systems. It will be realised below street level in the basement of an existing building. Access to the garage will beprovided with a vertical lift shaft that has a doorway at street leveL To use the facility, users will drive their car through this doorway into the lift. After they have exited from their car and the lift.their car will automatically be lowered to an intermediate level, rotated 180。
自动化立体仓库毕设论文
1.3.1
自动化立体仓库的主要特点在于以高层货架为标志，以成套先进运输设备为基础，以先进的计算机控制技术为手段，高效率地利用仓储空间，节约人力、物力和财力进行各种出入库作业，具有巨大的社会经济效益，因此在机械生产业、电器制造业、航空港、轻工和化工企业、商储业、军需部门等各行各业中得到了普遍应用。其中自动化立体仓库集机械、电子、控制、计算机技术于一体，在物流监控技术、计算机应用技术、通信技术、货位优化管理等技术领域发挥着重要作用。其科技含量高，货物存取效率高、自动化程度高，让自动化立体仓库具有广阔的市场前景,所以为了更加合理利用资空间源、保证社会供求平衡、提高现代物流运输效率，我们应该为提高自动化立体仓库先进性、可靠性，提高其经济效益和社会效益，提高我国的物流技术水平做出我们应有的贡献[3]。
本科毕业设计（论文）
基于PLC的自动化立体仓库设计
摘要
自动化立体仓库也称自动化存取系统AS/RS(Automatic Storage& Retrieval System)，是在不直接进行人工参与的情况下自动地存储和取出货物的系统。自动化立体仓库采用高层仓库货架存储货物，用专门的仓储搬运机械设备进行货物出入库作业。用可编程控制器PLC控制的自动化立体仓库实现了物流机械和计算机技术的完美结合，推动了仓储技术的全面自动化。
1.2.1
堆跺机是自动化立体仓库的主要作业机械，担负着出库、进库、盘库等任务，是自动化立体仓库的核心部件，自动化立体仓库的发展就是以堆跺机的发展为主要标志的。50年代初，在美国率先出现了采用桥式堆垛起重机的立体仓库; 50年代末60年代初出现了司机人工操作的巷道式堆垛起重机立体仓库; 1963年美国首次在高架仓库中采用计算机控制技术，建立了第一座基于计算机控制的立体仓库。自60年代以来，美日欧等国家和地区设计和投入使用的立体仓库越来越多，立体仓储技术也逐步发展成为专门的新兴学科，目前巷道式堆跺机为主要发展方向。据不完全统计，美国有各种类型的自动化立体仓库20000多座，日本有38000多座，德国有10000多座，英国有4000多座，前苏联有1500多座[1]。
毕业论文外文翻译-立体车库
The Stereo Garage1.1 An overview of the stereo garageVehicles parked nowhere is the problem of the urban social, economic and transport development to a certain extent the result, Garage Equipment development in foreign countries, especially in Japan nearly 30-40 years. Whether technically or in terms of experience had been a success. China is also in the beginning of the 1990s developed mechanical parking equipment, which was 10 years in the past. Because a lot of new residents in the district with the ratio of 1:1. To address the size of parking spaces for tenants and business areas contradictions 3D mechanical parking equipment with an average size of a small motorcycle's unique characteristics, the majority of users have been accepted.Compared with the traditional natural underground garage, Machinery garage demonstrates its superiority in many respects. First, the mechanical garage has a prominent section of superiority. Past due to the underground garage must elapse enough lanes, the average car will occupy an area of 40 square meters, If the use of double-mechanical garage, which would enable ground to improve the utilization rate of around 80% to 90%, If using ground multi-storey (21 storey), three-dimensional garage, 50 square meters of land area will be placed on the 40 cars, which can greatly save the limited land resources, Civil and save development costs.To underground garage, Mechanical garage can be more effective to ensure personal and vehicle safety in the garage or car kept prospective location, the entire electronic control equipment would not operate. It should be said that the mechanical garage from the management can do a thorough separation of people and vehicles.In the underground garage using mechanical parking, it also can remove the heating ventilation; therefore, Operation of the power consumption than workers in the management of underground garage is much lower. Mechanical garage don't usually do complete system, but as a single machine containers. This will give full play to its small space, the advantages of decentralized, Each of the residential areas or groups downstairs to make a complete circuit can be set up random mechanical parking building. This garage of the district can solve the shortage of parking difficulty in providing convenient conditions right now.Currently, three-dimensional garage mainly in the following forms: lifting and transferring, aisle stacking garage, vertical garage, vertical cycle, box-level cycle, the level of circulating round.1.1.1 Lifting and transferringLifting and transferring Garage modular design, each module can be designed into two, three, four levels, the five-story, semi-submerged in various forms, such as the number of parking spaces from a few to hundreds. Three-dimensional garage applies to the ground and underground car parks, configuration flexibility and cost is low.1. Product features:1) Save land, the configuration flexibility, and shorter construction period.2) Low prices, firefighting and exterior decoration, with a total investment on small foundations.3) Use automatic control, simple structure, safe and reliable.4) Access to a quick, short waiting time.5) Run a smooth, low noise.6) Applies to commercial, offices, and residential quarters supporting the useof car parks.2. Safety devices: anti-dropping device, a photoelectric sensor, spacing protectors, emergency stop switch.1.1.2 Aisle stacking garageAisle stacking garage used as a stacking machine tool access vehicles. All vehicles are stacking machine access, so the technical requirements for stacker higher, a single stacker cost is higher. So aisle stacking apply to the parking garage needs a few more customers.1.1.3 Vertical GarageVertical Garage Elevator similar to the principle that both sides of the hoist layout spaces. Generally need a ground vehicle rotary tables can be saved by the driver away. Vertical Garage generally higher high (tens of meters), safety equipment, Installation precision machining requirements are very high, high cost, but has the smallest area.1.1.4 Vertical cycleProduct features:1) covers an area of small; two berths area can stop 6-10 vehicles.2) The decoration can be added only roof, fire hydrants available.3) Low prices, foundation, external decoration, fire and other small investment, short construction periods.4) Use automatic control, safe and reliable operation.2.1 The stereo garage automatic control systemThe modern large-scale building mainstream is intelligent mansion and community. So, automated parking equipment or garage automatic control system will becomeintelligent mansion and an important part of community. Simple, fast, easy to use, safe, reliable, and less maintenance, to provide users with a safe, easy to use environment, This is auto-parking feature of the basic equipment. All parking equipment operating conditions, vehicles parked in time, vehicle storage Malaysia, garage storage capacity. Vehicles kept high and low peaks, and other information can be transmitted through the network of intelligent control center through intelligent control center operator, and the broadcasting system and the management office of the Division linked related to early release control, management information, thus achieving all the intelligent management. Building and the Community through the intelligent control of the center could also associate with social networking functions. Information released to the collection coming out or expands utilization of the garage social and economic benefits. This will be the automation of the development direction of the garage.Solid Garage automation control system include the following five major subsystems: automatic toll collection management system automatic access systems for remote diagnosis system, automatic Gate, control security system.Subsystems are more unified control of the central control room, for customers planning Garage form of management, Published garage inventory capacity, traffic control program.2.1.1 Automatic Toll Management SystemAutomatic charge adopts contactless IC card. IC card points long-term card and the stored-card. For fixed users, the issue of long-term cards, the cost of fixed users pays management fees paid together; on the temporary users, issue stored-value cards, namely: the user fees paid cards exist within each parking card reader automatically deducted from the cost.2.1.2 Automatic vehicle access systemAutomatic vehicle access system is generally controlled by small PLC. Including the identification card number and mobile disc contains two cars process. Users enter the garage at the entrance to Swiping cards, reader data automatically transmitted to the PLC control system, PLC system through the judgment card number and automatically set the corresponding site mobile trucks and vehicles to the handover location, the garage door opened, shorten the time access to cars. Truck drivers light signals in accordance with the guidelines created only when vehicles parked in a safe location, Parking will be normal light-Kai. Access car after the completion of the garage doors shut down automatically. Mobile site contains car, the system in strict accordance with the various signal detection mobile state, including long signal detection, Detection in place, the position detectionlimit, officers hit detection, emergency stop signal detection. If cars are running plate is not in place or vehicle length in excess of the permitted length of the garage, all vehicles disc will contain no action, If detected emergency stop signal to stop all action until the emergency stop signal disappeared. Above signals are hardware signals, in addition, the software can also be installed to control signal protection, such as the protection of the time, to ensure that the damage due to hardware failure to signal equipment and the main guarantee for the safety of vehicles.2.1.3 Remote diagnosis systemControllers can spot card, hubs and other network equipment and control center connected to the LAN, MODEN through remote management, monitoring the operation of the scene, when the scene failure, in the control center can be addressed to facilitate the management, e-office security personnel.2.1.4 Automatic GateIn the garage entrance of the no-contact reader, and the Gate of coil users in the garage entrances Swiping cards, the system automatically discriminates validity of the card, if valid, the Gate open automatically, through induction coils, Automatic self-closing fence; If invalid, the Gate is not open, and sound and light alarm.2.1.5 Monitoring security systemMonitoring security system is in the central control room for monitoring and controlling the operation of the garage scene conditions. It has motion detection, license plate recognition, network connections, different types of alarm systems linkage, and other functions, can be achieved unguarded.System catalog:Video monitoring function : the garage entrances, and the duty, the main segments within the garage installation focusing cameras, On the larger spaces installation spherical platforms, in order to achieve all-round garage on real-time monitoring. If the garage light conditions of the poor would use black-and-white cameras.Motion Detection functions: setting up the night in the garage of motion detection region, detecting when there are a moving target, Motion Detection and Alarm function remind staffs.LPR functions: it can set up the garage light vehicle license plates, vehicle. When the light vehicles entering the garage regional surveillance, the system automatically cross-referenced with images of a very odd situation, issued a warning signal and automatic switching and record their images.Alarm linkage functions: all can move even the police mainframe, if activated Relayacousto-optic warning issued notice of security personnel to voluntarily disarm Gate interception of vehicular access.Digital video functions : it with a continuous record of what happened in the garage, can be synchronized intervals over images arbitrary choice of the overall image to enlarge and local amplification, recording, playback, backup can be conducted all kinds of information.Reportedly, has begun an increasing number of residential quarters began to use a mechanical garage. Taking into account the cost and maintenance, the majority of the district is a multi-storey lifting and transferring parking equipment, mass storage mechanical garage also rarely. Lifting and transferring Garage Equipment parking flow indicate the following:1.The sense of light yellow instructions garage operationRed lamp was ongoing operating instructions, please wait; Green light is currently no operating instructions, can operate; yellow light instructions were to fail, the garage can not work.2.The operationDrivers of vehicles enter from the garage entrance. At the entrance of non-contact sensors Reader former regional shaken following their IC cards, induction process completed, the fence automatically rises driver drove into the garage. The fence shut down automatically after vehicles entering. Card is the controller to read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open units. Car drivers entering and parking in place, Latin hand brake, alighted out of the garage, using IC cards in the garage exit Huang about IC cards Garage door modules to shut down automatically. Completed deposit truck operators.3.Collect the car operationDrivers entering the garage at the entrance to the non-contact sensors Reader Former regional shaken following their IC cards Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the parking garage containing cars moved to the site automatically transfer vehicle location, Automatic garage door open modules, drivers entering the garage and drive out, in the garage exit of the automatic reader before induction regional dazzle your own IC cards, sensors finished, the reader receive information, Host controller automatically recorded, prepaid, automatically raising the fence, the driver drove the playing field, appeared after fencing to shut down automatically. Meanwhile, Controller automatically read spaces, corresponding to the garage door unit shut down automatically.Vehicle operation finished.The garage has a complete self-protection device in the course of operation. A series of photoelectric switches, proximity switches, trip switches and other vehicles on site contains accurate operation in place to play a decisive role; falling unique defense installations, broken rope warning device, speeding vehicle protection device to protect the security role played. Detection of long vehicles, vehicle parking is not in place detection, and personnel into a detection signal of vehicles and the safety play a decisive role.立体车库1.1立体车库概述车辆无处停放的问题是城市的社会、经济、交通发展到一定程度产生的结果,立体停车设备的发展在国外,尤其在日本已有近30~40年的历史.无论在技术上还是在经验上均已获得了成功。
自动化立体仓库论文
自动化立体仓库论文1. 引言自动化立体仓库是一种高效的仓储系统，通过自动化设备和技术实现仓库的自动化操作和管理。
本论文旨在研究自动化立体仓库的原理、应用和优势，并探讨其在现代物流领域中的发展前景。
2. 研究背景随着物流行业的快速发展和电子商务的兴起，传统的人工仓库已经无法满足日益增长的物流需求。
自动化立体仓库作为一种新型的仓储系统，具有高效、准确、节省空间等优势，受到了广泛关注和应用。
3. 自动化立体仓库的原理自动化立体仓库主要由货架系统、输送系统、存储系统和控制系统等组成。
货架系统采用立体结构，通过自动化设备实现货物的存储和取出。
输送系统负责将货物从入库区域输送至指定位置，或者将货物从指定位置输送至出库区域。
存储系统通过自动化设备实现货物的分类、存储和检索。
控制系统对仓库的各个系统进行统一的控制和管理。
4. 自动化立体仓库的应用自动化立体仓库广泛应用于各个行业的物流仓储领域。
例如，在电子商务行业，自动化立体仓库可以实现快速、准确地处理大量定单和货物；在创造业中，自动化立体仓库可以提高生产线的效率和灵便性；在医药行业，自动化立体仓库可以确保药物的安全储存和快速配送。
5. 自动化立体仓库的优势自动化立体仓库相比传统的人工仓库具有以下优势：- 提高仓库的存储密度，节省空间；- 提高仓库的运作效率，减少人力成本；- 减少人为因素对仓库操作的影响，提高操作的准确性；- 提高货物的安全性和防盗性；- 可根据需求进行灵便的仓库布局和扩展。
6. 自动化立体仓库的发展前景随着物流行业的不断发展和技术的不断进步，自动化立体仓库将会得到更广泛的应用和推广。
未来，随着机器人技术、人工智能等新兴技术的发展，自动化立体仓库将会更加智能化和自动化，提高物流仓储的效率和质量。
7. 结论自动化立体仓库作为一种新型的仓储系统，在现代物流领域中具有广阔的应用前景。
通过研究其原理、应用和优势，我们可以更好地了解自动化立体仓库，并为其进一步的发展提供理论和实践的支持。
检索机服务的多巷道自动化立体仓库存在的拣选分拣问题毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译文献、资料中文题目：由一个单一的存储/检索机服务的多巷道自动化立体仓库存在的拣选分拣问题文献、资料英文题目：文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院（部）：专业：测控技术与仪器专业班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：翻译日期： 2017.02.14本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译由一个单一的存储/检索机服务的多巷道自动化立体仓库存在的拣选分拣问题Yaghoub Khojasteh Jae-Dong Son加马里筑波大学崇实大学日本韩国摘要随着现代化科技的发展，仓库式存储系统在设计与运行方面出现了巨大的改革。
自动化立体仓库（AS / RS）嵌入计算机驱动正变得越来越普遍。
由于AS / RS 使用的增加对计算机控制的需要与支持也在提高。
这项研究解决了在多巷道立体仓库的拣选问题，在这种存储/检索（S / R）操作中，每种货物可以在多个存储位置被寻址到。
提出运算方法的目标是，通过S/R系统拣选货物来最大限度的减少行程时间。
我们开发的遗传式和启发式算法，以及通过比较从大量的问题中得到一个最佳的解决方案。
关键词：自动化立体仓库，AS / RS系统，拣选，遗传算法。
1.言在现今的生产环境中，库存等级保持低于过去。
那是因为这种较小的存储系统不仅降低库存量还增加了拣选货物的速度。
自动化立体仓库（AS / RS），一方面通过提供快速响应，来达到高操作效率；另一方面它还有助于运作方面的系统响应时间，减少的拣选完成的总行程时间。
因此，它常被用于制造业、储存仓库和分配设备等行业中。
拣选是仓库检索功能的基本组成部分。
它的主要目的是，在预先指定的地点中选择适当数量的货物以满足客户拣选要求。
虽然拣选操作仅仅是物体在仓储中装卸操作之一，但它却是“最耗时间和花费最大的仓储功能。
许多情形下，仓储盈利的高低就在于是否能将拣选操作运行处理好”。
（Bozer和White）Ratliff和Rosenthal，他们关于自动化立体仓库系统（AS/RS）的拣选问题进行的研究，发明了基图算法，在阶梯式布局中选取最短的访问路径。
自动化立体仓库论文
自动化立体仓库论文第一篇：自动化立体仓库论文自动化立体仓库论文：包装产品仓储货位的优化问题研究中文摘要: 自动化立体仓库是现代货运物流领域内出现的一种新型仓储方式,在工业生产中发挥着日益重要的作用。
包装产品仓储过程中的货位优化问题是提高仓储效率的关键,属于自动化仓储领域的研究重点。
本文针对宝....自动化立体仓库物流系统的研究与开发中文摘要: 随着企业现代化生产规模的不断扩大,仓库已成为物流系统中的一个重要且不可缺少的环节。
基于现代物流技术的应用和发展要求,本文介绍了自动化立体仓库物流系统的功能和作用;进而结合现代科技的发展,....基于现代物流的自动化立体仓库研究中文摘要: 现代化的生产系统对物流现代化的要求越来越高,而自动化立体仓库作为现代物流系统的重要组成部分,其应用越来越广泛。
本文基于现代物流的应用和发展要求,着重研究自动化立体仓库的管理和控制技术,并....基于RFID的自动化立体仓库信息管理系统的研究中文摘要: 随着经济一体化和全球化进程的加快,现代物流的概念已经逐步扩大到流通领域、生产领域以及其他的社会经济活动中,物流在企业竞争中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
自动化立体仓库(AS/RS)作为现代物流....基于自动化立体仓库的作业调度的优化研究与仿真中文摘要: 随着社会的进步和市场经济的快速发展,物流行业在我国已经成为了一个重点发展的行业之一。
而自动化立体仓库作为现代物流配送重要环节,其自动化程度越来越高,系统越来越复杂。
自动化立体仓库的出库作....自动化立体仓库管理与监控系统研究中文摘要: 自动化立体仓库是现代物流技术的核心,其空间利用率高,仓储能力强,能够通过计算机进行控制管理,实现货物搬运、存取的机械化和自动化。
它符合企业现代化管理的要求,已成为现代企业物流管理不可缺少....自动化立体仓库中货位实时分配优化问题研究中文摘要: 自动化立体仓库是现代物流的一个重要环节,合理的对其进行货位优化是一个相当值得研究的课题,它可以缩短出入库移动的距离、缩短作业时间,甚至能够充分利用储存空间。
立体车库外文翻译
本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译毕业设计（论文）题目：基于PLC的自动化立体车库控制系统设计__ 外文题目：PLC control three-dimensional garage system design _ 译文题目：PLC控制的立体车库系统设计学生姓名：徐芳菲_______________专业：自动化_______________指导教师姓名：于冬梅________________评阅日期：_____________________PLC控制的立体车库系统设计Ho Gi Jung*，Chi Gun Choi ,Dong Suk kim ,Pal Joo YoonMANDO CorporationZIP446-901,413-5,Gomae-Dong,Giheung-Gu,Yongin-si,Kyonggi-Do,Korea 摘要：立体停车库生产在中国是个新兴行业，立体停车库可缓解城市动、静态交通问题，改善居住环境，有效利用土地价值。
本系统采用PLC、计算机结合组态画面监控，按动按钮或控制组态画面即可完成汽车存取过程，操作简单，存取方便。
控制电路部分采用交流接触器传统方式，使运行安全可靠。
设计采用可分组合，模块式安装，方便灵活，具备维护使用方便，造价低等特点。
关键词：立体车库可编程控制器组态监控Ⅰ.引言车辆无处停放的问题是城市的社会、经济、交通发展到一定程度产生的结果，立体停车设备的发展在国外，尤其在日本已有近30~40年的历史，无论在技术上还是在经验上均已获得了成功。
我国也于90年代初开始研究开发机械立体停车设备，距今已将近二十年的历程。
由于很多新建小区内住户与车位的配比为1:1，为了解决停车位占地面积与住户商用面积的矛盾，立体机械停车设备以其平均单车占地面积小的独特特性，已被广大用户接受。
机械车库与传统的自然地下车库相比，在许多方面都显示出优越性。
首先，机械车库具有突出的节地优势。
以往的地下车库由于要留出足够的行车通道，平均一辆车就要占据40平方米的面积，而如果采用双层机械车库，可使地面的使用率提高80％—90％，如果采用地上多层（21层）立体式车库的话，50平方米的土地面积上便可存放40辆车，这可以大大地节省有限的土地资源，并节省土建开发成本。
立体车库的英文文献(中英文一起)
Developing a Hybrid Programmable Logic Controller Platform fora Flexible Manufacturing SystemAbstract:In this article, we present the design and implementation of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) control platform based on a programmable logic controller (PLC) and a personal computer (PC)-based visual man-machine interface (MMI) and data acquisition (DAS) unit. The key aspect of an FMS is its flexibility to adapt to changes in a demanding process operation. The PLC provides feasible solutions to FMS applications, using PC-based MMI/DAS, whereby PLCs are optimized for executing rapid sequential control strategies. PCs running MMI/DAS front-ends make intuitive operation interfaces, full of powerful graphics and reporting tools. Information from the PC c an be distributed through a company’s local area network or web using client-server technologies. Currently, with the convergence of underlying microprocessor technology and software program-ming techniques, many users find that PLCs provide a cost-effective solution to real-time control in small- to medium-sized process plants, especially when combined with supervisory PCs using hybrid systems. The major work of this article demonstrates that PLCs are responsive to rapid and repetitious control tasks, using PCs that present the flow of information automation and accept operator instructions, thereby providing the user a tool to modify and monitor the process as the requirements change.Key Words: PLC、FMS、PC.1．IntroductionIn a variety of product manufacturing industries, the most automated form of production is a Flexible manufacturing system(FMS),first introduced in 1970s. Since the FMSs can providea high potential for productivity improvement in batch manufacturing, the number of FMSs is growing substantially (Groover and Zimmers, 1984). The acceleration throughout the world is due to increased global competition, reduced manufacturing cycle times, and cuts in production costs.Generally, an FMS consists of a group of machines or other automated work stations, which form into modular subsystems, such as CNC machines, robots, vision systems, and a process station. These are interconnected by a materials handling system and usually driven by a computer(Maleki,1991).Each modular system requires an individual modular control system, with different components being controlled by individual controller units. All of the modular subsystems are controlled by computers as usual. These controllers perform their intended tasks under supervision of a higher level controller. To the system, both the control devices as well as the flow of information need to be automated. The key aspect of an FMS is its ability to adapt to changes in the control tasks. This flexibility includes the quantities and varieties of part types which it can produce, the order in which operations may be performed, and its ability to reroute parts back into flow paths. In the end, the control platform should have the capability to automate the flow of information.Typically, there are three types of control platforms used in FMSs: minicomputers, microcomputers, and PLCs (Maleki, 1991). The minicomputers are best suited for complex large-scale, continuous ,regulatory control applications . The PLCs are used for rapid and repetitious logic control. Personal computers (PCs) are suited for operator interface functions. Primarily, PLCs are designed to replace hardwiring relays, to operate in an industrial environment, to be easily modified by plant engineers and maintenance personnel, and to be maintained by plant electricians. Currently, with the convergence of underlying microprocessor technology and software programming, many users find that PLCs provide a cost-effective solution to real-time control in small-to medium-sizedprocess plants, especially when combined with supervisory PCs using hybrid systems.The purpose of this article is to address the state-of-the-art technology of FMSs. The design and construction of an FMS using PLC-controlled and PC-based visual man-machine interface(MMI) and data acquisition system(DAS) are presented. It is organized as follows. Section 2 begins with the description of the FMS on the factory floor of the Center for Manufacturing System sat the NewJersey Institute of Technology(NJIT).Section 3 shows the operational description of the FMS. Sections 4 and 5 present the applications of PLC-controlled and PC-based MMI/DAS for the FMS at NJIT. Section 6 contains a summary of the advantages of this PLC-controlled and PC-based MMI/DAS for FMS application.2. Description of the FMSSI handling conveyor systemThis consists of four carts, A, B, C, and D, with fixtures mounted on each, two transfer tables,TT1 and TT2 , and dual conveyors which transport materials to each workstation.Figure 1. Flexible manufacturing system.NASA II CNC milling machineThe milling machine accepts rectangular solid blanks and machines each part of different types according to its computer controller.GE P50 robotA shared robot is used to load and unload the material between the CNC milling machine and the conveyor system, and between the parts presentation station and conveyor system. It contains five computer programs assignable by the PLC. The computer programs direct the robot to load the material between the parts presentation station and the carts and between the CNC machine and the carts. The last two programs place the completed parts in the accept or reject area.Parts presentation stationThis station includes a gravity-chute, which supplies rectangular solid blanks as raw materials. This station also contains two bin types, one each for accepted parts and rejected parts.Computer vision systemThe vision system provides for the visual automated inspection of the parts. It is a menu-driven, 64-level gray scale, edge detection system.Drilling machineAn IBM7535 industrial robot with an automated drill as an end-effector drills various holes in the parts as directed.In summary, the FMS has two robots, one CNC mill, a material transfer convey or system including transportation carts and positioning limit switches, and a vision system, which are supervised by a GE-Series Six PLC and monitored by a PC-based visual MMI/DAS.3. Operational descriptionThe working cycle for this FMS proceeds in the following manner:1.Initially, all four carts on the conveyor system are empty and available for the raw materials to be loaded onto them from the parts presentation station.2.The GE robot loads four parts, one by one, on to the four carts on the convey or system. The carts move clock wise as they are being loaded.3. Figure 2 shows the positions acquired by the four carts once the four parts of different types have been loaded.4. The IBM robot drills various holes on each blank part as the cart stops at the drilling machine.5. The GE robot moves to the conveyor, removes the part from the cart at position X1,and loads it into the fixture located on the CNC machine table.6. Once the part is loaded on the CNC milling machine, the robot retracts, and the milling machine mills the rectangular part as required.7. After the milling operation, the robot arm moves to the milling machine to remove the part that was machined from the holding fixture.Figure 2. Loading state of the conveyor system.8. The robot returns the finished part to the same cart on the conveyor.9. A signal is sent to the vision camera to inspect the part.10. The vision system analyzes the part and outputs a signal that directs the robot to accept or reject the part.11. The robot runs either an accept program to place the part in the accept bin or runs a reject program to place the part in the reject bin.12. The GE robot goes to the parts presentation station and loads a new blank part into the cart.13. The cart is released to the system and the next cycle is started.4. Control of an FMS with a PLCThe significant features of the FMS control system are as follows:1.The system is easy to configure and to modify to accommodate changes and updates, because of the ladder logic capability of the system.2.In a similar manner, the system is easy to program and document.3.The system can be easily maintained, and troubleshooting is decreased because on-line diagnostics are provided to pinpoint problems and decrease maintenance.4.Naturally, the system is readily interfaced with the computer.The PLC is a general purpose industrial computer which is widely used in industrial process control. It is capable of storing instructions to implement control functions such as sequencing, timing, counting, arithmetic, data manipulation, and communication to control industrial machines and processes. The PLC is chosen to perform an FMS control task based on the following features:1) good reliability;2) less space required and operates in an industrial environment;3) easier to maintain by plant engineer or technician;4) can be reprogrammed if control requirements change;5) can communicate and network with other computers.In this application, a GE-Series Six PLC is equipped with a memory bank, and the I/O racks are loaded with the following input and output interfaces: 120 VAC input modules with 8 ports/module, 24 VDC input modules with 8 ports/module, and 120 VAC output modules with 8 ports/module.5. PC-based visual operator interface unitWith the convergence of microprocessor technology and software techniques, the PC has become very useful in operator interface applications. PCs running MMI/DAS front-ends make powerful, intuitive operation interfaces, full of useful graphics and reporting tools. Information from these PCs can be distributed through a company’s local area network(LAN) or web using client-server technologies.A PC-based visual MMI/DAS was developed to monitor the process and log data. The functions of the MMI are twofold. First, it opens a window between the operatorand the process and then displays the process information on the CRT. It also allows the operator to modify the time delay constants or alarm setpoints without changing the ladder logic, if the production requirements change. Second, it provides an automatic data logging device. It is capable of creating batch, shift, and day log reports. Information from the PC can be distributed through the local area network using client-server technologies. An application program has been developed by using an off-the-shelf state-of-the-art GENESIS for Windows PC-based software to provide the data from the PLC through a RS232 interface. This approach allows the PC to combine the controller, the programming terminal, the operator interface, and the data acquisition system together in one unit. The PC-based MMI/DAS software provides an icon-based and mouse-driven open system for designing a real-time control strategy and dynamic operator displays. With the open architecture features, it provides support for user algorithms and LAN interfacing.The other part of the MMI/DAS software is the enriched and user-friendly graphic builder. The graphic builder is an object-oriented CAD-based tool. The graphic tools allow the user to generate intuitive and useful man-machine interface screens to display the dynamic status of the FMS.6. ConclusionsThe particular FMS example is fully automated by a hybrid control platform using a PLC controlled and PC-based supervisory operator interface unit and data acquisition system. The trend of flexible manufacturing demands more open system control and flexibility with affordable cost. Obviously, the size and the nature of the application affect the decision. This PLC and PC hybrid supervisory control platform provides a cost-effective solution to real-time control and automation of the flow of information for small- to medium sized process plants. The system improvements are achieved in control system reliability, equipment maintainability, software maintainability, and system flexibility. The automated DAS system has the capability to generate batch, shift, and day logs reports, to report process and equipment alarms, and to refresh process data.为柔性制造系统设计的可编程控制器平台摘要：在本文中，我们给出了基于PLC和以可视的个人PC机为基础的MMI和DAS单元的柔性制造系统（FMS）控制平台的设计和运行。
立体车库翻译及原文
毕业设计英文翻译原文学生姓名 *** 学号： ************** 所在学院：机械与动力工程学院专业：机械工程及自动化设计(论文)题目：立体停车库的三维建模指导教师： ***2010年 3 月 6 日HIGH-SECURITY, PAID, AUTOMATED SMART PARKING DESIGNSUMMARYAn original, futuristic, permission-based-access, automated, gated parking system design for a large office park is described. The proposed system uses WiFi cellular phones as the primary access technology, license plate recognition via image processing as the secondary technology, keypad entry as the third technology, and verbal interchange as the last resort. The office park encompasses 20,000 employees and has 132 access points to parking lots. The strict access policy creates a high security office park. Implementation cost is estimated at $5.9M. A $0.50 per day parking charge per car is proposed, generating $1.9M per year in offsetting revenue.INTRODUCTIONThis paper provides a smart parking system design :"concept of operations." While Palo Alto's Stanford Research Park (SRP) is the focus, components of this scheme may be applied to other large office parks. This design is intended to be a credible conceptual start that could serve as the basis for a detailed design and parking study.P ARKING D EMANDWillson’s studies of five suburban office parks found an average of 49 percent empty parking spaces at peak utilization. When the early research parks were built, land was inexpensive, so surface parking was preferred. Thus, there is a large opportunity to manage parking spaces more efficiently and make better use of the land.SRP weekday peak parking demand is calculated as 14,600 parking spaces. Currently, there is about 1 parking space per employee in the research park: 20,000 spaces in all. Thus, there are roughly 5,400 unused parking spaces representing roughly 44 acres of land (assuming 350 square feet per parking space).Normally, landowners prefer to hold some excess in parking, to ensure that there is sufficient parking should a building use change. For instance, changing a building use from software development to a call center results in more employees per leasable square foot, generating increased parking demand.In addition, landowners also like to provide a "cruising reserve:"“It is not practical to provide parking on the assumption that every space will be fully utilized. Some reserve capacity is needed to allow for cruising vehicles in search of a space, vehicles un-parking, and for peak surges. Thus, a design safety factor should be applied to account for these conditions. A design safety factor of 10 percent is suggested for most land uses.”OBJECTIVESLarge office parks usually lack accurate data on the number of cars that are parked at any point in time. Often a parking count study is conducted on an irregular basis. A modern parking system can easily provide an instantaneous count of the number of parked vehicles. This accurate quantification provides valuable information that can be used to justify land use changes.The sheer scale of SRP facilitates implementation of a state-of-the-art parking system. A phased, collaborative approach is advised.Converting from unrestricted parking to automated, gated operation is a significant task, requiring additional expenses that are avoided when building from scratch. Most SRP lots allow rapid, unconstrained access and egress; consequently, a reservoir of space to buffer human interaction with access gates is missing. In many of these lots, an average gate interaction time of three seconds would have the undesirable result of backing up traffic into street bike lanes during morning peak. Adding more gated lanes to solve queuing problems is an expensive option that is not explored further. For reference, free flowing access lanes serve 500 cars per hour, exit lanes serve 250-400 cars per hour. "In converting from unconstrained to gated, the concern is usually more with entering, rather than exiting, cars," points out a McGann Parking employee.P ARKING SYSTEM GOALS∙Driver-friendly transition from free to paid parking. Minimize irritation with gates.Manage access/egress queues so that traffic flows smoothly.∙Provide ability to escalate security during high terrorism threat∙Provide a system that not only works well for recurring parkers (employees), but also for the transient populations (customers and visitors). While high income, credit card-toting technology workers may be relatively easy to serve with advanced technology, ensure that non-English-speaking, cash-only contractors also have successful interactions.∙Enhance SRP security, while allowing individual companies the flexibility to "layer in"additional security measures.∙Successfully support the few high turnover sites within the greater research park such as the movie theatre, banks, and computer store.∙Minimize capital and operational costs.∙Minimize disruption during system installation – minimize asphalt and concrete projects that tie up lots.∙Operate lots without human attendants∙Operate most lots without parking enforcement –make it impossible to violate the parking rules.∙Allow the flexible sharing of parking lots between adjacent employers∙Follow an open systems approach with ability to enhance system capabilities. Avoid being locked into proprietary technology.Select technology that can also be used for employee ID badges / building access control.PARKING AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGYParking technology is undergoing a renaissance, thanks to new ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) technology. Each year performance is improving and price is dropping. New technologies are being validated as reliable, user-accepted, and cost-effective. The optimal SRP automation system will evolve as each year passes.No matter which automation technologies are deployed, one important system component is to rapidly identify either the vehicle or the driver. Once a unique identification number is known, then centralized control and billing can occur.T RANSPONDERSTransponders are now common in the Bay Area, used in the FasTrack electronic bridge toll collection system. One vendor provides credit card-sized, battery-free variants of the bridge toll transponders. These cost $22 apiece, read at slower speeds than 25 mph, and are well suited for parking lot operation.R ADIO F REQUENCY I DENTIFICATION (RF ID)RF-ID tags are small radio tags that may be attached to a vehicle. They operate in the same manner as cellular phone WiFi or Bluetooth identification. The current disadvantages of RF ID are cost, sensitivity to radio frequency interference, and possible confusion between two approaching vehicles. The emerging RF ID industry is working hard to address these disadvantages. The industry's stated objective is to lower the cost of RF ID to the point where individual clothing items may be tagged and tracked. Currently “passive tags,” tags without batteries, can be purchased for $2 in large volumes, and readers procured for $2,000 (plus mounting and power). Such passive tags may be read from a distance of 5 feet or less, so should be reliable in parking gate configurations. RF ID can offer accurate read reliability upwards of 99.7%.L ICENSE P LATE R ECOGNITION (LPR)LPR technology uses image processing to identify vehicles by their license plate numbers.A personal computer with a "frame grabber" card connects to video cameras focused on license plates. Once a video image is captured, algorithms detect the edges of the plate and then extract numbers and letters from within this area. In California, about ten percent of cars do not have front bumper plates, so LPR systems must scan rear bumpers. LPR systems often capture images and illuminate bumpers using the infrared spectrum, to prove high accuracy during night time and overcast conditions. Out-of-state and dirty plates tend to frustrate these systems. Formaintenance, video camera lenses require periodic cleaning.POLICY OPTIONSParking automation provides many possibilities to reward or penalize different behaviors. Automation also allows a high level of flexibility, where differing policies may be implemented at different parking lots and land uses. For instance, carpools and vanpools could receive preferential treatment. For instance, a TMA policy might provide carpools with free parking, waiving the $0.50 per day charge. For "tight-supply" applications, NextSpace could prioritize convenient spaces for carpools and employees, guiding solo drivers to less desirable lots.Likewise, the TMA could decide to discourage mid-day cold start trips (when the vehicle sits for more than one hour before being re-started) by directing the parking system to add charges for multiple exits per day. As yet another example, transient parkers could be granted ten free visits, after which $0.50 per day parking charges would apply.REFERENCES1)Richard Willson. Suburban parking economics and policy : case studies of officeworksites in Southern California. Washington, D.C. : Federal Transit Administration, University Research and Training Program.2).2002 Commute Profile. ./research/pdfs/commuteprofile_2002.pdf.3)ULI, Shared Parking.4)Parking Alternatives: Making Way for Urban Infill and Brownfield Redevelopment,/pdf/PRKGDE04.pdf.EPA document 231-K-99-001, Dec ’99.5)Robert A. Weant and Herbert S. Levinson. Parking. Westport, Conn. (P.O. Box 2055,Westport, 06880) : Eno Foundation for Transportation, c1990. xv, 335 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.6)Steve Raney, Suburban Silver Bullet: PRT Shuttle + Wireless Commute Assistant UsingCellular Location Tracking, TRB '04. Accepted for publication Transportation Research Record. /PRT_Wireless_TRB_111503_web.doc7)Transcore: /8)License Plate Recognition – A Tuturial, /.White paper by Yoram Hofman, Hi-Tech solutions, .9)Barcoding technology: /barcode.html,/barcode_decal_info.html, /products/AUTO/barauto.htm10)Dambach's individual parking space monitoring and guidance system:/single_space.htm. Directs cars to available parking spaces.11)Ryan Russo, Planning for Residential Parking: A Guide For Housing Developers andPlanners, by The Non-Profit Housing Association of Northern California./students/rrusso/parking/Developer%20Manual/index.htm . Richard Willson, Parking Management Toolkit: Strategies for Action in BART Station Areas. (Oct2000), And: Parking Policy Development Workbook, August ’99.高性能收费式自动化智能停车库设计摘要这里描述了一个为大型办公楼设计的具有独创性，前瞻性，和实用性的立体停车系统。
仓库管理系统外文翻译本科毕业论文
At a bare minimum, a WMS should:
Have a flexible loca on system.
U lize user-defined parameters to direct warehouse tasks and use live documents to execute these tasks.
The Reality:
The implementa on of a WMS along with automated data collec on will likely give you increases in accuracy, reduc on in labor costs (provided the labor required to maintain the system is less than the labor saved on the warehouse floor), and a greater ability to service the customera ons of inventory reduc on and increased storage capacity are less likely. While increased accuracy and efficiencies in the receiving process may reduce the level of safety stock required, the impact of this reduc on will likely be negligible in comparison to overall inventory levels. The predominant factors that control inventory levels are lot
毕业设计 物流 外文文献翻译 中英文 仓储
WarehousingThis chapter presents a description of a small, fictitious warehouse that distributes office supplies and some office furniture to small retail stores and individual mail-order customers. The facility was purchased from another company, and it is larger than required for the immediate operation. The operation, currently housed in an older facility, will move in a few months. The owners foresee substantial growth in theirhigh-quality product lines, so the extra space will accommodate the growth for the next few years. The description of the warehouse is of the planned operation after moving into the facility.The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the operations of warehouses. Basic function sare described, typical equipment types are illustrated, and operations within departments are presented in some detail so that the reader can understand the relationships among products, orders, order lines, storage space, and labor requirements. Storage assignment and retrieval strategies are briefly discussed.Evaluation of the planned operation includes turnover, performance, and cost analyses. Additional information can be found in other chapters of this volume and in the reference material.Role of the Warehouse in the Supply ChainWarehouses can serve different roles within the larger organization. For example, a stock room serving a manufacturing facility must provide a fast response time. The major activities would be piece (item)picking, carton picking, and preparation of assembly kits (kitting). A mail-order retailer usually must provide a great variety of products in small quantities at low cost to many customers. A factory warehouse usually handles a limited number of products in large quantities. A large, discount chain ware hou se typically “pushes” some products out to its retailers based on marketing campaigns, with other products being “pulled” by the store managers. Shipments are oft en full and half truckloads. The Ware house described here is a small, chain warehousethat carries a limited product line for distributionto its retailers and independent customers.The purpose of the warehouse is to provide the utility of time and place to its customers, both retail in the quantities requested by small retailers and individual customers. Production schedules often result in long runs and large lot sizes. Thus, manufacturers usually are not able to meet the delivery dates of small retailers and individuals. The warehouse bridges the gap and enables both parties, manufacturer and customer, to operate within their own spheres.Product and Order Descriptions1.Product DescriptionsThe products handled include paper products, pens, staplers, small storage units, other desktop products, electronic products are delivered directly from other distributors and not handled by the warehouse.One would say that the warehouse handles relatively low-value products from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost. ships among these load types. Individuals usually request pieces; retailers may also request pieces of slow movers, products that are not in high demand. Retailers usually request fast movers, products that are in high demand, in carton quantities. Bulky products like large desktop storage units may be in high enough demand so that they are sold by the warehouse in pallets. Furniture units are also sold on pallets for ease of movement in the warehouse and in the delivery trucks.shows the number of products to be stored and the number of storage locations needed. The latter issue is discussed inSection The typical dimensions of a piece is 10 × 25 × 3.5 cm, with a typical volume of 0.875 liters. A carton has typical dimensions of 33 × 43 × 30 cm, with a typical volume of 42.6 liters. Thus, a typical carton contains 48.7 pieces. The typical dimension of a pallet is 80 × 120 × 140 cm, with the last dimension being and individual. Manufacturers of office supplies and furniture are usually not willing to supply products low-priced media like CD and DVD blanks, book and electronic titles, and office furniture. High-value Products are sold by the warehouse as pieces, cartons, and on pallets. Figure 12.1 shows the relation- the height. Thepallet base is about 10 cm high, so the typical product volume is 1.25 m3, corresponding to 29.3 cartons. The pallet base allows for pickup by forklift truck from any of the four sides. Table 12.2 summarizes these values. Different products, of course, have different dimensions and relationships. The conversion factors can vary depending on whether the product is sold mainly in piece, carton, or pallet quantities. We will not introduce further complexity here and use the values given here for determining storage and labor requirements.2．Order DescriptionsThere are two types of orders processed at the warehouse. Large orders are placed by the retailers who belong to the same corporation; these are delivered by less-than-truckload (LTL) carrier. Small orders are placed by individuals, and these are delivered by package courier service like United States Postal Service (USPS), United Parcel Service (UPS), and Federal Express (Fed EX). Large orders contain more products and the quantity per product is greater than for small orders.Pallet Pick OperationsFull pallet picking is done primarily in the floor storage area and occasionally in the pallet rack area. These pallets move directly to outbound staging. A forklift truck has the capacity to transport one pallet at a time. Travel within the pallet floor storage area follows the rectilinear distance metric (Francis et al. 1992).Sorting, Packing, Staging, Shipping OperationsPieces and cartons that are picked using batch picking must first be sorted by order before further processing. The method of batch picking, described in the following, is designed to facilitate this process without requiring extensive conveyor equipment. In addition, all pieces must be packed into over pack cartons, and these are then consolidated with regular (single product) cartons by order. Some cartons and over packs move to outbound staging for package courier services like USPS, UPS, and FedEx. Others move to outbound staging for LTL carrier service. The package courier services load their vehicles manually, and the LTL carriers are loaded by warehouse personnel using either forklift trucks or pallet jacks.Support Operations, Reware housing, Returns ProcessingAt irregular times, the warehouse staff must perform additional functions that are not part of the normal process. Whenever a new store is being prepared for opening, a large quantity of product, for the full product line, must be picked and staged. There is a separate area set aside for this staging.Occasionally, some products need to be repackaged and/or labeled for retail stores. Th is value-added processing is performed between picking and packing. Returned merchandise must be inspected, possibly repackaged, and then returned to storage locations. The volume is not significant, and it is handled in the value-added area. Periodically, product locations must be changed to reflect changing demand. This reware housing is performed during slack periods so as not to require additional labor.In addition, the warehouse contains an office for management and sales personnel, toilets for both staff and truck drivers, and a break room with space for vending machines and dining. There is a battery charging room for the electric batteries used by forklifts and pallet jacks, and a small maintenance room.Storage Department Descriptions and OperationsThis section presents details on the individual storage departments and their operations. Here we determine the storage space requirements, and we describe the pick methods and obtain labor requirements.Bin ShelvingTh e bin shelving area contains 1000 slow moving products that are picked as pieces. Th ey are housed in shelving units that are 40 cm deep, 180 cm high, and 100 cm wide, for a cubic volume of 0.72 m3. Using a cubic space utilization factor of 0.6 to allow for clearances and mismatches of carton dimensions with the shelves, each shelving unit can accommodate on average 0.72 × 0.6/0.0426 = 10.14 cartons. If each product requires at most one carton, then we need 1000/10.14 = 98.6 or 99 shelving units. Rounding this to 100 units implies a pick line 100/2 = 50 m. One way to implement this is to establish two pick aisles, each 25m long, as shown in Figure 12.9. In the final layout, the system is expanded to a length of 30 m. In addition, space is provided for two future aisles. Although all the products stored here are considered slow movers, with some exceptions for products with small total required inventory measured in cubic volume, the principle of activity-based storage is extended further to identify the faster moving products (among the slow movers). These are placed in the ergonomically desirable golden zone.The small number of requests per order for slow moving products makes it appropriate to use a sort-while-pick (SWP) method for retrieval. An order picker uses a cart with multiple compartments to pick items for several orders on one trip past the shelves. The compartments items for different orders being mixed . Later, when the cart is moved to sorting, consolidation, and packing, there is actually little sorting work to do, but mainly consolidation and packing.Warehouse ManagementThe operation of the warehouse requires careful and constant management. The scanning of received products is just one example of the functions performed by the WMS. It is beyond the scope of this chapter to present details of a typical WMS. However, some main features should be mentioned here.The tracking of flows throughout the warehouse is one of the basic functions of a WMS. This can be done manually, but most facilities today use barcode scanners, and many use barcode scanners intedatabase. A typical WMS enables the functions listed below. These requirements are not inclusive, but only indicate the types of functions desired. Further details are in (Sharp, 2001).The WMS should enable scheduling of personnel, including regular full-time employees and temporary and part-time employees. Tracking of employee productivity is useful for training and workload balancing. Workload scheduling should be linked to forecast information, and the conversion of product volumes should be automatically translated to labor hours by function and employee productivity. out-of-stock conditions, process partial receipts, and quarantine products requiringinspection. It should generate labels for pallets and cartons with data on SKU (unique product type), description, date received, lot or purchase order number, expiration code(s), and location code(s). It should assign storage location recognizing physical characteristics of product, physical characteristics of location, environmental restrictions, and stock rotation. It should also have the ability to send products directly to out-bound vehicles (cross-docking). The ability to schedule trucks and assign them to docks is also useful. mation of stow (storage) action, updating of inventory upon stow, stock reservation capability, and provision for cycle counting. The WMS should support more than one location per SKU and more than one SKU per location. Report generation should include stock activity reports (fast, medium, slow, dead), empty location reports, and anticipated replenishment of forward pick areas.仓储本章提出了一个描述一个小虚拟仓库分发办公用品和办公家具的小零售商店和邮购客户个人。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
自动化立体仓库1自动化立体仓库的优越性由于自动化立体仓库的特殊结构，使其在与传统的仓库相比中具有以下优点：1.1 提高空间利用率早期立体仓库的构想, 其基本出发点就是提高空间利用率, 充分节约有限且宝贵的土地。
在西方有些发达国家, 提高空间利用率的观点已有更广泛深刻的含义, 节约土地, 已与节约能源、环境保护等更多的方面联系起来。
有些甚至把空间的利用率作为系统合理性和先进性考核的重要指标来对待。
自动化立体仓库的空间利用率与其规划紧密相连。
一般来说, 自动化立体仓库其空间利用率为普通平库的2- 5 倍。
1.2 便于形成先进的物流系统, 提高企业生产管理水平传统仓库只是货物储存的场所, 保存货物是其唯一的功能, 是一种“静态储存”。
自动化立体仓库采用先进的自动化物料搬运设备, 不仅能使货物在仓库内按需要自动存取, 而且可以与仓库以外的生产环节进行有机的连接, 并通过计算机管理系统和自动化物料搬运设备使仓库成为企业生产物流中的一个重要环节。
企业外购件和自制生产件进入自动化仓库储存是整个生产的一个环节, 短时储存是为了在指定的时间自动输出到下一道工序进行生产, 从而形成一个自动化的物流系统, 这是一种“动态储存”, 也是当今自动化仓库发展的一个明显的技术趋势。
它有利于企业形成先进的物流系统，从而提高企业的整体管理水平。
1.3 可以解决备品备件等零碎物料的复杂的特性备品备件物资供应部门管理着整个企业零零散散众多各类零部件、备品备件物资。
物品的体积大小不规则, 重量不一甚至温度、湿度仓储环境要求不同造成了物资总体物理特性复杂多样的现状。
解决这些不同物理特性物资合理存放与管理是自动化立体仓库在备品备件物资管理工程应用的难点。
高架库系统是解决这一问题的最有效的手段之一。
这是因为：以自动化立体库为中心的工厂物流系统，解决了生产各环节的流通问题和供求矛盾，使原材料的供给和零部件的生产数量和生产所需的数量可以达到一个最佳值；计算机网络系统的建立使原材料和零部件外购件的采购更及时和满足实际需求；计算机管理系统的建立加强了宏观调控功能，使生产中各环节生产量更能满足实际需求；建立成品库和半成品库，以解决市场供需的暂时的不一致，充分发挥企业的生产潜力。
在采用自动化仓库后，库存物资占用金额比过去明显降低，节约了资金。
1.4 可以提高仓储自动化水平自动化立体仓库作为现代化的物流设施，对提高仓储自动化水平起着举足轻重的作用，主要体现在四方面：第一、自动化立体仓库不仅含有对底层自动化设备的控制和管理，而且针对某一具体的自动化仓库的基本数据进行管理的系统。
降低了工人的劳动强度，提高了物流工作的效率。
第二、自动化立体仓库管理与控制系统是比较独立的一个子系统，可以实现对立体库所有出入库作业进行最佳分配及登录控制，并对数据进行统计分析，以便对物流实现宏观调控，最大限度地降底库存量及资金的占用，加速资金周转。
第三、自动化立体仓库对一具体仓库中的材料、货位等基本信息进行管理，优化了仓库存储的效率，管理材料的在库情况并控制仓库中的自动化设备，实现仓库中材料的自动出入库操作和存储操作。
第四、自动化立体仓库可以有效的利用空间。
分离式仓库其高度受结构厂房的限制，一般不能过高。
而自动化立体仓库实现了库架合一，能够承受较大的风载，其高度较高，能够有效合理地利用空间。
2. 技术发展方向未来我国自动化立体仓库技术发展的基本趋势如下：（1）传统产品的升级虽然我国在过去30年间，经过几代人的努力，物流技术与产品取得了长足的发展。
但从总体来说，还存在产品规格单一，工艺水平落后，产品标准落后，产品规模化生产水平低等明显劣势。
这一方面将影响我国自动化物流装备产品的市场竞争能力，更为重要的是将影响我国的经济发展。
因此，提高传统产品的技术含量，发展产业化水平是未来很长一段时期努力的方向。
（2）关键技术的发展自动化立体仓库技术中的关键技术集中在高速度、高效率和高可靠性等方面。
这是我国今后物流技术发展的重点之一。
高速度表现在堆垛机、输送机、分拣机产品方面。
如开发速度超过300米/分的托盘式堆垛机，速度超过400米/分的穿梭车，速度达到150米/分的分拣机等。
我国在这一方面还存在很大差距。
尽管有企业在实验室达到了一定高度，但离实际应用还有相当一段距离。
高效率则表现在物流处理能力方面。
包括分拣超过10000件的高速分拣机，综合输送超过2000件的输送机，以及效率超过100托盘/小时的高速托盘堆垛机等。
除此之外，开发自主产权的AGV，机械手等，也将成为今后发展的方向。
总之，高、新、尖的发展战略仍然是今后发展的主流。
（3）信息识别技术与传动技术的发展自动化立体仓库技术是高新技术。
其中自动识别技术、自动控制技术以及传动技术是其关键和核心。
然而，令人遗憾的是，我国到目前为止，这一部分绝大部分采用的是进口。
这一方面是市场竞争的需要，但另一方面也说明我们的发展还处于初级阶段。
如何在这一方面取得突破，可能需要若干代人的努力。
（4）系统集成技术的发展我国自动化仓储技术的发展，还体现在物流系统集成技术的发展。
系统集成技术涵盖系统规划、流程设计、设备选型、土建配合、项目管理、系统接口、系统测试、系统搬迁、系统上线诸多方面，是一门涉及多学科、多行业的复杂系统工程。
今天的物流发展，正朝着规模化、自动化的方向发展。
超大型的物流配送中心的建设此起彼伏。
仅2010年，建设成功和启动开工建设的超过5万平方米的配送中心不下20项。
如北京高等教育出版社物流中心、北京物美商业集团物流中心、上海农工商新物流中心、李宁公司荆州物流中心、京东商城亚洲一号物流中心等。
大型的自动化物流中心建设，对系统集成技术提出了新的要求。
3.企业的发展方向未来与立体化仓库应用有关的企业的发展，可以从几个方面进行分析：（1）专业化的分工将更加明确随着2010年我国经济规模超过日本，企业对物流的需求将呈现前所未有的新局面。
以前制约企业发展的市场需求将不复存在，代之以随着产能提高和利润率进一步下降带来的竞争格局。
因此，企业将走向专业化的分工。
如专业的堆垛机生产企业，专业的输送机生产企业，专业的系统集成商等。
小而全的企业将面临严重的生存危机。
（2）企业的集成度将越来越高随着专业化分工明确，企业的集成度将越来越高。
可以预见的未来是，我国必将有若干企业和系统集成商进入世界前20位。
成为自动化物流系统领域的世界竞争者。
同时，随着中国市场的进一步扩大，世界各国的集成商其业务的重点将转移到中国。
（3）创新是企业发展的灵魂要在未来的广阔物流装备市场拥有一席之地，企业的创新是必由之路。
依靠价格战赢得暂时的订单将不会长久。
与其他行业一样，创新是企业发展的灵魂。
只有不断的创新，生产出符合市场需求的产品才能在市场中经久不衰。
4. 行业发展方向（1）仓储作业管理自动化水平逐步提高先进的工业化国家，由于工业高度自动化及计算机的广泛应用，生产得到了很大的发展，依靠生产技术的开发来获取利润的速度趋于稳定。
过去很少有人注意的物流系统开始受到重视。
物流领域的技术继生产和销售后将成为开发的重点。
自动化立体仓库作为物流系统的重要组成部分将受到人们的重视。
应用计算机和相应的控制装置使自动化立体仓库的作业管理水平获得了较大的提高。
随着生产的进一步发展，对物流系统的要求将更加严格。
具体说来，就是在要求的时间内，在准确的地点，按准确的顺序与方法，提供准确的品种和数量的物体。
要做到这一点，必须继续提高仓储作业的管理自动化水平，充分发挥人、物和控制系统之间的协调作用。
（2）自动化仓库协作化进一步发展几家企业共同利用仓库设施，共同发货，协作作业，能很好的提高储运效率。
这样容易形成集团化仓库。
它促进了仓库的联合运输，使车辆利用率增加，并节省了能源，提高了效率。
（3）仓库作业向柔性化发展多品种小批量的生产将是今后的发展方向，物流系统如何适应这种生产方式，将会是今后研究的一个重要课题。
随着柔性化的普及，自动化立体仓库的仓储作业也将向柔性化发展。
国外已经开始出现一批可拆卸的或移动式的仓库结构。
它采用组合武结构，可根据储运方式和货物的品种批量进行拼装组建。
其造价低，可靠性好，维修保养简单，施工速度快。
日本近年来兴建了不少这样的自动化立体仓库。
与此同时，仓储设备也开始向柔性化发展。
各种模块式结构的机器人、自动装卸车以及货架都相继出现。
带拆卸抓手的机器人已在自动化仓库中应用，它可根据送来的不同货物更换抓手，由编好的程序控制它要抓取的货物。
仓储作业向柔性化发展，不仅能适应生产的需要，而且能提高物资的周转率，减少库存量。
由于具有新的物理外形和更高性能的设备不断地出现，电气控制技术的进步，堆垛机也需要具有更高定位精度，更强的搜索能力和更快的运行速度，从而缩短出入库操作周期，获得更大的生产能力。
（4）人工智能和专家系统也大量运用到自动化仓库系统中如高容错搬运系统、自诊断专家系统等已出现于部分复杂自动化仓库系统中。
智能自动化仓储技术，即人工智能技术发展从自动化技术向更高级的阶段-----智能自动化方向发展。
现在，智能自动化仓储技术还处于初级发展阶段。
以后仓储技术的智能化将具有广阔的应用前景。
5.结束语自动化仓库是集多种高科技为一体的行业，是典型的技术密集型、人才密集型的行业，是物流系统中的一个重要部分，对实现企业生产自动化和一个国家的发展有着很大的作用。
自动化立体仓库的产生和发展是现代制造业和现代物流业发展的结果，其自动化程度高、容量大，满足现代物流业高速发展的需要，对它的研究已成为现代物流发展的重要内容。
在计算机技术，通信技术和信息技术的推动下，信息化已成为自动化立体仓库发展的趋势，各仓库间不再独立，而是能够共享仓储资源，相互协调合作，降低运行成本，使仓库的整体运行效率达到最优成为现代物流系统的重要组成部分。
可以预见，国家今后将制定与推行一系列与国际接轨的自动化立体仓库技术标准，大力培育与规范立体仓库市场，倡导专用、特种仓库的研究与开发，重视冷链仓库的研发与应用，推动符合构建节约型社会、循环经济理念、节能减排、绿色环保的立体仓库技术与产品的研发，实现我国自动化立体仓库行业在“十二五”期间的跨越式发展。
Automated Warehouse1.The superiority of an automated warehouseBecause of the special structure of the automated warehouse, it has the following advantages compared to the traditional warehouse:1.1Improve space utilizationEarly warehouse idea, the basic starting point is to improve space utilization, limited and full of valuable land conservation.In some Western countries, improve space utilization point of view has been more widespread and profound meaning, conservation of land, has been with energy conservation, environmental protection and other areas more link.In some Western countries, improve space utilization point of view has been more widespread and profound meaning, conservation of land, has been with energy conservation, environmental protection and other areas more link.Automated warehouse space utilization and its planning are closely linked. In general, automated warehouse space utilization of its ordinary level library of 2 - 5 times.1.2Facilitate the formation of advanced logistics systems, improve production management levelTraditional cargo storage warehouse just a place to save the cargo is its only function is a "static storage."Automated warehouse material handling equipment using advanced automation, not only can automatically access the necessary goods in the warehouse, and can be connected with the organic production processes outside the warehouse, and through computer management systems and automated material handling equipment to make the warehouse became production Logistics is an important part.Enterprises purchased parts and production parts made into automated warehouse storage is a part of the whole production, short-term storage at a specified time in order to automatically output to the next process of production, thus forming an automated logistics system, which is a kind of "dynamic storage ", is a clear trend of automated warehouse technology development.It is conducive to the formation of advanced enterprise logistics system, thereby improving the overall management of the enterprise.1.3Spare parts can be solved piecemeal materials such as complex featuresSpare parts and supplies department manages the entireenterprise piecemeal many various parts, spare parts supplies. The volume of irregular size items, and even different weight varying temperature, humidity, causing the overall storage environment requires complex and diverse physical characteristics of the material status.Address these different physical properties of materials is the difficulty of proper storage and management of spare parts in the automated warehouse material management engineering applications. Elevated library system is one of the most effective means to solve this problem.This is because: the Automated library as the center of the plant logistics system to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of circulation problems and all aspects of production, so that the number of required production volume and production and supply of raw materials and components to achieve an optimal value;Establish a computer network system enables outsourcing of raw materials and parts procurement in a more timely and meet the actual demand;Computer management system established to strengthen the macro-control function, so all aspects of production, production capacity to better meet the actual demand;Establish libraries and semi-finished products to address market demand and supply of temporary inconsistencies, give full play to theenterprise's production potential.After the automated warehouse, inventory supplies occupy significantly lower amounts than in the past, to save money.1.4Warehouse automation level can be improvedAs a modern automated warehouse logistics facilities, to improve the level of warehouse automation plays an important role, mainly in four areas:First, the automated warehouse contains not only the underlying automation equipment control and management, and basic data for a specific automated warehouse management system. Reduce labor intensity and improve the efficiency of logistics work.Second, automated warehouse management and control system is relatively independent of one subsystem can be achieved on the three-dimensional database of all the best jobs out of storage allocation and access controls, and the data for statistical analysis in order to achieve macro-control of the logistics, the maximum limits to drop at the end of the occupation and capital stocks, accelerate cash flow.Third, automated warehouse in the warehouse for a specific material, cargo space and other basic information management, optimize warehouse storage efficiency, the material in thelibrary case management and warehouse automation control equipment to achieve automatic access to material warehouse library operations and store operations.Fourth, the automated warehouse can effectively utilize space. Separate storage of plant height restricted structure, generally not too high. The library implements automated warehouse rack one, able to withstand greater wind loads, its height is higher, can be effective and rational use of space.2.Technology developmentThe basic trend of the future automated warehouse technology development as follows:Upgrading (1) traditional productsAlthough our country in the past 30 years, through the efforts of several generations, logistics technology and products have made great strides.But generally speaking, there is a single product specifications, technological backwardness, product standards behind the product of large-scale production and low levels of a distinct disadvantage.This aspect will affect the market competitiveness of our logistics automation equipment products, more important is the impact of China's economic development.Therefore, improving the technical content of traditional products, the level of development ofthe industry is the future direction for a long period of time effort.Development (2) key technologiesAutomated warehouse technology focused on the key technical aspects of high speed, high efficiency and high reliability. This is one of the key technologies of the future development of logistics.High speed performance stackers, conveyors, sorters products. Such as the development speed over 300 m / min pallet stacker, speed of more than 400 m / min shuttle speeds up to 150 m / min sorting machines. China is still a big gap in this regard.Although there are companies reached a certain height in the laboratory, but from the practical application there is quite some distance.High efficiency is manifested in dealing with the logistics capability. Including sorting more than 10,000 high-speed sorting machines, integrated transport conveyor over 2000, as well as the efficiency of more than 100 pallets / hour speed palletizing machines.In addition, the development of independent property rights AGV, robot, etc., will also become the future direction of development. In short, tall, new, sharp development strategy is still the mainstream of future development.Development (3) information identifying technology and drive technologyAutomated warehouse technology is high-tech. Which automatic identification technology, automatic control technology and drive technology is the key and core.However, it is regrettable that China so far, this part is used in the vast majority of imports.This aspect is market competition, but it also shows that our development is still in its infancy. How to make a breakthrough in this regard, it may take several generations of effort.Development (4) Systems Integration TechnologyDevelopment of automated warehousing technology, but also in the development of logistics systems integration technology. System integration technology covers systems planning, the process design, equipment selection, civil cooperation, project management, system interface, system testing, system relocation, many aspects of the system line, is a multi-disciplinary, multi-industry complex systems engineering.Today's logistics development, is moving in large-scale, automated direction. Construction of large logistics distribution center after another.Only in 2010, the successfulconstruction and start-up construction of more than 50,000 m2 distribution center in less than 20.Higher Education Press, logistics centers such as Beijing, Beijing Wumart logistics center, Shanghai NGS new logistics center, logistics center Jingzhou Li Ning, Jingdong Mall of Asia One logistics center. Large automated logistics center construction, system integration technology put forward new demands.3.Development directionFuture development and application of three-dimensional warehouse related businesses, can be analyzed from several aspects:(1)specialized division of labor will be more clearlyWith the size of China's economy in 2010 than in Japan, demand for logistics companies will show an unprecedented situation. Previously restricted market demand for enterprise development will cease to exist, replaced with production capacity increased and margins to decline further to bring competition.Therefore, companies will move toward specialized division of labor. As a professional manufacturer of stackers, conveyors professional production enterprises, professional system integrators.Small but enterprises will face a serious crisis ofsurvival.(2)companies will be increasingly high degree ofintegrationWith a clear specialization, enterprise integration will be higher. For the foreseeable future, the country is bound to have a number of companies and system integrators to enter the world's top 20.Automated logistics systems become a world contender. Meanwhile, with the further expansion of the Chinese market, integrators around the world will shift its business focus to China.(3)Innovation is the soul of enterprise developmentTo have a place in the future the vast logistics equipment market, the company's innovation is the only way. Rely on price war to win temporary order will not last long.Like other industries, innovation is the soul of enterprise development. Only continuous innovation to produce products to meet market demand in the market enduring.4.Development of the industry(1)warehouse operations management and graduallyincrease the level of automationAdvanced industrialized countries, due to the widespread use of highly automated and computer industries, theproduction has been a lot of development, relying on technology to develop and produce a profit rate stabilized. Over the past few people pay attention to logistics system began to receive attention. Following the technical field of logistics will be the development of production and sales focus.Automated warehouse logistics system as an important part of the people's attention. Application of computer and corresponding control device makes automated warehouse operations management level to get a greatly improved.With the further development of production, the logistics system requirements will be more stringent. Specifically, that is, within the required time, exact location, according to the exact sequence and methods to provide accurate variety and quantity of objects.To do this, we must continue to improve the management level of automation in warehousing operations, and give full play to the role of coordinating between people, objects and control systems.(2)further development of automated warehousecollaborativeSeveral companies jointly use of warehouse facilities, joint delivery, collaborative work, could well improve storage efficiency. So easy to form a group of warehouses.It promotes intermodal warehouse, increase vehicle efficiency and save energy and improve efficiency.(3)the flexible development of warehouse operationsMany varieties of small batch production will be the future direction of development, production and logistics systems how to adapt this way, it will be an important topic for future research.With the popularity of flexible, automated warehouse storage operations will also be flexible development. A number of foreign countries have begun to appear removable or portable warehouse structures.It uses a combination of martial structure can be assembled to form the bulk storage and transportation methods depending on the variety and goods. Its low cost, reliability, simple maintenance, construction speed.Japan in recent years, the construction of many such automated warehouse. At the same time, storage devices are also beginning to flex development. The modular structure of the various robots, automatic loading and unloading trucks and shelves have emerged. Demolition robot with gripper has applications in automated warehouse, which can replace the gripper according to different goods sent by the programmed process control to crawl goods.Warehousing operations to develop flexible,not only to meet the needs of production, but also improve the turnover rate of materials, reduce inventory.Due to a new physical appearance and higher performance devices continue to appear, electrical control technology advances, stackers also need to have higher accuracy, more search capabilities and faster speed, thus shortening the warehousing operations cycle, greater production capacity.(4)artificial intelligence and expert systems also makeextensive use of the automated warehouse systemHandling systems such as high fault tolerance, self-diagnostic expert systems have emerged in parts of the complex automated warehouse system.Intelligent automated warehousing technology, namely the development of artificial intelligence technology to a more advanced stage ----- intelligent automation direction from automation technology. Now, the intelligent automated warehousing technology is still in its early stages of development. After the intelligent storage technology will have broad application prospects. 5.ConclusionAutomated warehouse is a variety of high-tech industry as a whole, is typical of technology-intensive, personnel-intensive industries, is an important part of thelogistics system, to achieve the development of production automation and a country has a significant role .Emergence and development of warehouse automation is the result of modern manufacturing and modern logistics development, its high degree of automation, large capacity, to meet the needs of the rapid development of modern logistics industry, its research has become an important part of modern logistics development. Under the impetus of computer technology, communication technology and information technology, information technology has become the trend of the development of automated warehouse, the warehouse is no longer among independent, but the ability to share storage resources, mutual coordination and cooperation, reduce operating costs, and the overall warehouse optimal operating efficiency has become an important part of modern logistics system.It is foreseeable that in the future the country will develop and implement a series of international standards and technical standards for automated warehouse, warehouse to cultivate and standardize the market, promote special, special storage research and development, emphasis on the development and application of cold chain warehouse and promote compliance with build a conservation-oriented society, the concept of circulareconomy, energy conservation, green warehouse technology and product development, to achieve our automated warehouse industry in the "Twelfth Five-Year" period by leaps and bounds. Journal of Manufacturing Systems Volume 13, Issue 6, 1994, Pages 424–434。