九年级现在完成时

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现在完成时

一、现在完成时的结构

其结构：助动词has/have +动词的过去分词

肯定句：Li Ming has just turned off the light

否定句：主语+haven’t /hasn’t +动词的过去分词+其他

He hasn’t seen this film.

They haven’t been to the Great Wall

一般疑问句：have/has +主语+动词的过去分词+其他？

Have you cleaned the classroom?

肯定回答：Yes ,I have . 否定回答：No,I haven’t

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+动词的过去分词+其他？

What has happened ?

Where has he gone ？

二、现在完成时的用法:

1、现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。ot

1）表示刚开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。

I have finished my homework now.

2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。

I have lost my pen.

She has become a teacher.

2.表示从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态（即开始于过去，直到现在尚未完成的动作或尚未结束的状态）

We have learned English for about two years/since 2007.

They have known each other since five years ago .

3.特殊用法：

表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或者多次出现的状态。

常与频度副词如often,always,every week,twice等连用。

I have been to the Summer Palace twice

He has always said so .

三、现在完成时的时间状语

1.现在完成时属于现在范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。常与下列副词连用。

already（已经）：多用于肯定句中

nerver（从来不）：多用于肯定句中，表示否定。

ever （曾经）：多用于疑问句中

yet （还，已经）：多用于否定句表示还没，尚未。用于疑问句中表示已经

just （仅仅，刚才，刚刚): 位于谓语动词之前

before （在........ 之前）:一般位于句末

------Would you like to go to see the film?

------No,l have seen it already.

------Have you never spoken to a foreigner ?

-------No,never.

-------I have never lost a library book before .

------What have you done with the nuts ?

------I have just given them to the bird。

------Have you milked the cow yet ?

------No, we haven’t done it yet .

注;already也可以用于疑问句中，表示疑惑，出乎意料或惊讶。

Two weeks ago,the panda had a baby .Have you forgotten already ?

John,why are you here ？Have you finished your homework already?

2.常与表示从过去到现在的一段时间的状语连用

如：for+一段since+一段时间+ago since +过去的某个时间点/一般过去时的句子

He has lived here for five years .

Bill has lived in Beijng since he came to China

He hasn’t eaten anything since breakfast.

since与for的区别：

for用来说明动作的延续性时间，即多长时间，后接时间短语（时间段）

I have lived here for more than ten years.

I have lived here since ten years ago.

since有三种用法

1)since +过去某个时间点这里的时间点指具体的年、月、日、星期、小时等

He has been here since 1999.

2）since+一段时间+ago 表示自...... 时间前开始至今

He has been here since five years ago.

3）since +一般过去时从句

Many things have changed since you left.

It is /has been two years since I came here.

3.短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间状语连用如:come,go,arrive,reach,hear,close,leave,begin,start,lose,buy,fall,join,die,get up 等。但是如果要是保留表示一段时间的时间状语必须将动词改为延续性动词。

以下是常见的非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

fall/asleep(ill)----be asleep/ill get to know----know begin(start)----be on