商业银行内部控制体系建立的背景和意义

摘要

随着我国入世承诺的兑现，金融业已对外全面开放，外资金融机构和国内同业享受同等国民待遇，金融风险的产生和国际传导出现新的特点，我国银行业既面临机遇，同时也面临着更大的挑战。而内部控制已成为保障商业银行实现经营目标的动态过程和机制。因此，研究我国商业银行在新型监管环境里的内部控制体系，具有很好的现实意义。

本文首先阐述了商业银行内部控制体系建立的背景和意义，指出商业银行内部控制的目标是利用其资产及其他资源来使自身免受损失的有效性和效率，满足新巴塞尔协议关于全面风险管理及银行监管当局关于内部控制与合规的要求，同时覆盖美国《萨班斯—奥克斯利法案》的相关规定，增强政府、监管当局和社会公众的信心。

文中剖析了我国商业银行内部控制的现状，分析了金融全球化和监管国际化的形势对采取国际化战略的商业银行的影响，并提出了完善内部控制体系的思路，包括商业银行应采用流程管理的思想、系统管理的方法和基于事实决策的方法等先进管理理念和原则，根据《商业银行内部控制评价试行办法》（简称银监9号令）的要求，从内部控制环境、风险识别与评估、内部控制措施、监督评价与纠正、信息交流与反馈等五个方面对商业银行各种业务和管理流程进行梳理，编写关于各项管理和业务活动的内部控制体系文件。导入风险识别与评估技术（FMEA），对流程中的风险加以识别和评估，形成对各个风险的控制方案等。

本文从实证研究出发，在以上分析的基础上，以实际操作的形式对内部控制理论在我国商业银行中的应用进行了分析研究；最后对完善我国商业银行内部控制体系进行了总结和展望。内部控制体系的建立无论在理论还是在实践上都是一个复杂的、动态的系统工程，许多方面还有待于今后进一步的探讨。

关键词：商业银行内部控制完善

ABSTRACT

With entirely opened to world of China financial industry according to WTO rules, foreign financial institutions have enjoyed same treatment as Chinese. Financial risk occurrence and international transmittal appear new characters. Chinese commercial banks are facing opportunities as well as challenges. Internal control regarded as a dynamic process and mechanism in commercial banks’ business target achievement protecting. Consequently, it is a significant practice that researching internal control system of Chinese commercial banks in a new supervised financial environment.

This article expatiate the background and meaning of commercial bank internal control system establishment of which the goal is fulfilling loss avoiding validity and efficiency by using self assets and outside resources, satisfying the requirement of entirely risk management and internal control & compliance raised by BaselⅡand supervisal institutions respectively, covering 《Sarbanes-Oxley Art》relative rules, enhancing confidence of government, supervisal institutions and public.

The article analysed chinese commercial banks’status in quo and financial globalization & supervisal internationalization impact. Raised internal control improvement thinking about that commercial banks should adopt process management, system management and fact based decision principles etc, card workflow and write operation control system documents from 5 sides of internal control environment, risk identification & assessment, measure, monitoring & rectifying and information communion & return as indicated in 《Commercial bank internal control estimate (probation version)》. Introduced FME to identify & evaluate risks existing in the process and complete each risk control schemes.

The article based on demonstrate researches about internal control applications within commercial bank practices. Finally, concluded and prospected Chinese commercial bank internal control system improvement which is a complicated and dynamic system engineering and should be discussed further in the future.

Key words: Commercial bank Internal control Improvement