英语词汇学课后题原题及答案整理缩印版

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下列定义所表示的名称:

1.a minimum unit of meaning :(morpheme)

2.a morpheme to which affixescan be added : (root)

3.a linguistic form that can occur as an independent word: (free form)

4.a morpheme that must occur with at least one other morpheme: (bound form)

5.a bound morpheme attached to a base (root or stem): (affix)

6.an affix attached to the beginning of a base (root or stem ): (prefix)

7.an affix attached to the end of a base (root or stem) : (suffix)

8.an affix (in English,usually a suffix) that changes the form of a word without changing its part of speech or basic meaning: (inflectional affix)

9.the process by which noninfectional affixes are added to roots to form words: (derivation)

10.the process of joining together two linguistic forms which can function independently : (compounding)

各组单词中共同的粘着词根、其词源及语义:

1.acoustic,acoustical,acoumeter,acoustician,acoustics,acouphone:(acou-听,GK)

2aerodomestics,erodrome,erodynamic,aerofoil,aerogramme,aerolite,aerography,aeronauti cs,aerophysics,aeroplane,aerosphere: (aero-空气GK)

3.agenda,agent,agile, active,actor,actual,enact,inactive,transact,interact,react:(ag-,ac-做L)

4.agrarian,agricultural,agriculture,agrimotor,agrobiology,agrochemical,agrology,agronom ic,agronomy,agrostology,agrotechnique,agrotechny,agrotown,agrotype: (agr-土地L)

5.altimeter,altimetry,altitude,alto,exalt,contralto: (alt-高L)

6.amateur,amatory,amiable,amicable,amorous,enamoured,unamiable:(am-,amor-爱L)

7.Ample,ampleness,amply,amplidyne,amplification,amplifier,amplify,amplitude,radioam plifier: (ampl-充足L)

8.annals,annual,perennial,centennial,annuity,biennial: (ann-年 L)

9anthropology,philanthropist,misanthropical,anthropotomy,anthropogeneses,anthropogra phy,anthropophagus: (anthrop- 人类 GK)

10aqualung,aquanaut,aquaplane,aquanelle,aquarium,aquatic,aqueous,aquiculture,aquosity ,subaquatic,subaqueous,terraqueous,aqueduct: (aqu-水 L)

11archangel,archbishop,arch-criminal,archdeacon,archdiocese,archenemy,archfiend: (arch- 首要 GK)

12asterisk,asterism,asteroid,astrodome,astrodynamics,astrograph,astrologer,astrology,astr onautics,astronavigation,astronomer,astronomy: (astr- 星 GK)

13atmosphere,atmolysis,atmometer,atmeter,atmoseal,atmospherics:(atmo-气体GK)

14audible,audibility,inaudible,audience,audiology,audio-visual,audiometer,audiophile,aud iophile,audition,auditor,auditorium: (aud- 听 L)

15atoalarm,autobiographer,autoboat,autobus,autochrome,autoclave,autocrat,autograph,au toinfection,automate,automatic,automation,automobile,autonomy,autotruck,autotype: (auto- 自己 GK)

16barodynamics,barogram,barograph,barometric,barothermograph:(bar-压力 GK) 17bathymeter,bathymetric,bathysphere,bathythermograph:(bathy-深海的 GK)

18Bible,bibliofilm,bibliography,bibliology,bibliolater,bibliomania,bibliophile,bibliophilis m,bibliopole,bibliotheca,bibliotic,bibliotist: (biblio- 书籍 GK)

19bioassay,biocatalyst,biochemistry,biocide,bioclean,bioclimatic,bioclimatolgy,bioelectri city,biology,biogeneses,biogenic,biogeography,biography,biometerology,bionics,bioscope ,biosyntheses,biotic: (bio- 生命 GK)

20.Breve,breviary,brevirostrate,brevity,brief,abbreviate,abridge: (bre- 简短 L)

用否定前缀in-(及其变体),non-,un-构成下列单词的反义词:mature:im regular:ir considerate:in noble:in contentious:non legitimate:il metal:non passive:im ferrous:non accuracy:in endurable:un variance:in inductive: non legible:il reasonable:un rational:ir scrupulous:un staple: non balance:im legalize:il

写出下列单词中前缀的意义:antecedent: before byproduct: near apocope: off enclose: in endobiotic: inside epitaph: outside expire: out foretell: before hypocrite: beneath include: in infrared: under intercede: between: intramural: within introspect: into outbid: exceeding overwork: beyond postgraduate: after precede: before proceed: forward retrospect:back subscribe: below superman: above supramundane: beyond transmit: across ultraconservatism: extreme 以所列的单词为第一个成分,根据定义写出复合名词

(A)green: 1.a stretch of land,round a town,where building is not allowed,so that fields woods,etc,remain:greenbelt 2.a shop-keeper who sells vegetables and fruit:greengrocer 3.a young,inexperienced person,especially male,who is easily cheated: greenhorn 4.a room in a theatre or concert hall where actors musicians,etc.,can rest when not performing :greenroom

(B)hand: 1.a small bag for a woman to carry her money and personal things in: handbag 2.a short book giving all the most important information about a subject: handbook

3.an apparatus that stops a vehicle,worked by the driver ’s hand: handbreak

4.a bar of wood or metal fixed beside a place where one walks for holding onto,especially near stairs: handrail

(C)after: １.The care or treatment to someone after a period in hospital,prison,etc: aftercare 2.an effect (usually unpleasant) that follows some time after the cause or after the main effect: aftereffect 3.a taste that stays in the mouth after the food that caused it in no longer there : aftertaste 4.an idea that comes later: afterthought (D)sleeping: １a large thick envelope or bag of warm material for sleeping in when camping:sleeping bag ２a railway carriage with beds for passengers:sleeping car ３a pill which helps a person to sleep:sleeping pill

４.a partner in a business who takes no active part in its operation: sleeping partner

(E) running :1. a person with whom another is running for a pair of political positions of

greater or less importance,especially those of President and vice-Prisident: running mate 2. handwriting in which the letters are slanted and the words formed without lifting the

pen : running hand 3.a headline repeated on consecutive pages (as of a book):running head 4.a footboard especially at the side of an automobile: running board

(F)wash: 1.a large fixed basin for water for washing one ’s hands and face: washbasin

2.a movable board with a wavy surface against which clothes may be rubbed when washing: washboard

3.a woman whose job is to wash clothes,often in her own home:washerwoman

4.a cloth that is used for washing one ’s face and body : washcloth

(G)sun:1.the condition of having sore skin after experiencing the effects of strong sunlight:sunburn 2a flash of sunlight,especially through a break in clouds: sunburst

3.the time when the sun is seen to disappear as night begins:sunset

4.strong sunlight,as when there are no clouds:sunshine (H)break:1.aa sudden failure in operation:breakdown

2.the unlawful cantering of a building,using force : break-in

3.the action of forcing a way through the enemy: breakthrough

4.a division int smaller parts:breakup

(I)out:1.sudden appearance or beginning of something bad:outbreak

2.a public show of anger:outcry

3.money spent for a purpose :outlay

4.a way through which something (usually a liquid or a gas )may go out: outlet 将下列复合动词译成汉语

Blue-pencil:修改,校正 cold-shoulder:冷淡 court-martial:对...进行军法审判 Handcuff:将...上手铐 pitch-fork:骤然；把...塞进 sandbag:用沙袋阻塞 Shipwreck:船只失事 short-circuit:使短路 snowball:(滚雪球似的)增长 Wisecrack:说俏皮话 找出下列句子中由名词转化的动词(答案为黑体字的原形) 1.A shy,frightened child…”Name the Czar of Russia” 2.At once the villagers formed a circle…

3.Agamermnon with the rest of the Greek army sailed away..

4.Almost before the Trojans could arm themselves..

5.I began to see… would expect a large purse stuffed with..

6.A few years ago the landlady locked the front

7.An upstairs…,questioned the men and …

8.The children headed toward school…

9.Like the…,branching out…

10.An hour went by and darkness still shrouded … 11.They boarded boats

12.The day-to-day…hard to measure , 13.,smog results

14.There are a few success stories in battling air… 15.Pollution can be trapped before 16.If nations traded item

17.She’s the one who’s sapped your confidence. 18.…,fairly well dressed but

19.The young… by pocketing the money. 20.But the preparation … to flake off even… 形容词转动词(答案为黑体字的原形) 1.Calming d own,…

2.Such was Pompeii … has been cleared away.

3.Houses and clothes must be cleaned more frequently

4.…”helped raise the standard of living and lower the standard of air”

5.…There his father opened a business…

6.The Academy of Science was closed to him

7.…to rise are cooled and…

8.He emptied out…

9.…,and it took half an hour to free him 10.The wet clothes will soon dry in the sun. 动词转名词(答案为黑体字的原形)

1.Why is thisenormous increase in population …to the spread of the …

2.…came to the aid of the surgeon…

3.I know my friends from the feel of their faces.

4.…personalities by touch

5.…,between serves

6.…of his slow grins

7.…an appealing look .

8.…has given rise to these… 9.…as if it were a chew of tobacco. 10.…get rid of Rex.

写出下列报刊标题中使用的截短词的全称 auto workers end strike.(automobile) 2.Soviet sub off Japan.(submarine)

3.Palestinian demos mark massacres.(demonstrations)

:first use of nuke weapons not unlawful.(nuclear)

5.Viet troops suffer setback in Kampuchea.(Vietnamese)

6.Iran asks for into on stolen gems.(information)

7.Petrochemical Corp builds 42 banks.(corporation)

8.Rural-credit co-ops to get more autonomy.(cooperatives) 9.W Europe acts to meet high-tech challenge.(high-technology)

10.Setback for governing parties in Euro vote.(European)

写出下列首字母拼音词的全称并译成汉语

1.AIM: Air Intercept Missile 空中截击导弹

2.BADGE: Base Air Defence Ground Environment 基地防空地面警备系统

3.BAR: Browning Automatic Rifle 勃朗宁自动步枪

4.CAR: Civil Air Regulations 民航条例

5.CORE: Congress of Racial Equality 争取权平等大会

6.DOP: developing-out paper 相纸

7.FIA T: Fabbrica Italiana Automobili 菲亚特汽车公司

8.MAP: Military Aid Program 军事援助计划

9.MOSS: manned orbital space station 在人轨道空站 10.MOUSE: minimum orbital unmanned satellite the earth 不载人的最小地球卫星 11.NANA: North America Newspaper Alliance 北美报业联盟 12.NA TO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织 13.OPEC;Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织 14.SALT: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 限制战略武器会谈 15.SAM: surface-to-air missile 地对空导弹 16.SEA TO: Southeast Asia Treaty Organizaion 东南亚条约组织 17.SHAPE: Supreme Head quarters of Allied Powers in Europe 欧洲盟军最高司令部 18.UFO :Unidentified Flying Object 不明飞行物 19.Vera: Vision electronic recording apparatus 电子录像机 20.Zip: Zone improvement plan 邮政编码制度 写出下列复合动词是什么词逆生而来 1.globe-trot:globe-trotter 2..brainwash:brainwashing 3.ghost-write:ghost-writer 4.sleep-walk:sleep-walker 5.spoon-feed:spoon-fed 6.air-condition:air-conditioning 7.book-keep:book-keeper 8.browbeat:browbeating 9..caretake:caretaker 10.gatecrash:gatecrasher 11.housebreak:housebreaker 12.housekeep:housekeeper 13.mass-produce:mass-production 14.muckrake:muckraker 15.proof-read:proof-reading 16.sightsee:sightseeing 17.stage-manage:stage-manager 18.merry-make:merry-making 19.street-walk:street-walker 20.window-shop:window-shopping 下列概念意义可以用什么英语单词确切的表达出来: A .1.to walk laboriously,with effort:pold,trudge 2.to walk like a duck:waddle 3.to walk in a pompous or affected manner:struct 4.to slide and drag the feet:stagger 5.to walk in a loose,ungainly way:slouch 6.to walk with long steps:stride 7.to walk affectedly with short steps:mince 8.to walk slowly,wasting time:dawdle 9.to walk as if wearing slippers:shuffle 10.to walk in a busy,active way:hustle B .1.to speak in a slow,prolonged manner:drawl 2.to make involuntary breaks in utterance:stammer 3.to express displeasure with compressed lips:mutter 4.to talk rapidly,making inarticulate sounds:gabble 5.to pronounce the sibilant letter imperfectly:lisp 6.to have a friendly talk about family things:chat,yarn 7.to spread idle gossipe:tattle 8.to talk on and an about trifling,childish things:prattle 9.to speak with contempt:sneer 10.to speak fanatically:rave 根据下列动物的属性,指出他们的象征意义: 1.ant :frugality and provision 2.ape :uncleanness,malice,lust 3.bat :blindness 4.bear :ill —temper 5.bee :industey 6.bull :strength 7.calf :lumpshness 8.camel :submission 9.cat :deceit 10.cock :vigilance

11.crocodile :hypocrisy 12.crow :longevity

13.dog :fidelity 14.dove :innocence

15.eagle :majesty 16.elephant :sagacity

17fly :feebleness 18.fox :cunning

19goose :conceit 20.hare :timidity

下列名词都来自古英语,写出与下列名词对应的源拉丁语的形容词:

1.brother:fraternal

2.Cat:feline

3.child:puerile

4.daughter:filial

5.day:diurnal

6.dog:canine

7.ear:auricular

8.earth:terrestrial

9.egg:oval 10.eye:ocular 11.father:paternal 12.fire:igneous 13.foe:hostile 14.fox:vulpine 15.friend:amicable

16.hand:manual 17.head:capital 18.heart:cordial 19.heaven:celestial 20.horse:equine 21.husband:marital

22.kidney:renal 23.knight:equestrian 24.life:vital

25.light:lucid 26.lip:labial 27.man:human

k:lactic 29.mind:mental 30.moon:lunar 31.mother:maternal 32.mouth:oral :nominal 34.night:nocturnal 35.nose:nasal 36.ox:bovine 37.room:spacious 38.sea:marine 39. sheep:ovine 40.sight:visible 41.skin:cutaneous 42.son:filial 43.spring:vernal 44.stream:fluvial 45.star:stellar 46.sun:solar

47.time:temporal 48.tongue:lingual 49.tooth:dental 50.town:urban 51.tree:arboreal 52.truth:veracious 53.war:bellicose 54.water:aqueous 55.wife:conjugal 56.world:mundane 57.worm:vermicular 58.woman:feminine 59.youth:juvenile 60.book :literaey 选择适当的单词填入句子 1.He waited with( bated) breath. 2.The brother and sister are both (blondes). 3.There is a (break)in the clouds. 4.Her (bridal) grown was trimmed with lace. 5.A (pedal) of the bicycle fell off. 6.Cromwell (reigned) over England like a king. 7.The wreckers began to (raze) the building. 8.Although we watched carefully,the guard remained (stationary) for one hour. 9.Edgar cannot sail until he has a full (complement) of men for his crew,and ….. 10.Eric was a tireless scholar,he would (pore)over his books without a break until…. 将下列各组词分别填入句子 A 1 .John’nature was so (sanguine) that we all felt cheered up…. 2. The battle was so (sanguinary) that hardly a combatant …... B 1. We could not have a worse judge than the one we had,he was completely (uninterested) in the case and ….. 2. We could not have a better judge than Judge Blandford; he was friendly,knowledgeable,and above all completely (disinterested). C 1. Although we played them on even terms for the first half,the second half was a (rout). 2. To get to our cottage you follow (route)…. D 1. The (official) in charge of the game… 2. Time was so (officious)in his new job….. E 1. The dress was made of synthetic ( material). 2. The general needs more troops and (materiel). F 1. The (moral) of the story…. 2. The (morale) of our troops is high. G 1. All men are (fallible). 2.The argument,convincing ……..to be (fallacious). H 1. Some say Shakespeare takes (precedence) over all …. 2. There was no (precedent)for the granting of a …. I 1. John,who was sulle n and (taciturn) by nature,found that …. 2. They arrived at a (tacit) agreement. J 1.The building plans are (impracticable). 2.My husband …..,but he is so (unpractical)that he cannot … 用英语解释下列句子中help 及其派生词的意义 1.If you want to lose some weight,Jim,you must start avoiding second helpings.(second servings) 2.“God help me !”he murmured …..(protest) 3.He gave us a helping hand when we were in trouble.(i.e.he helped us) 4. Yes,I know he ’s a rascal,but I can ’t help liking him.( i.e.I can ’t but like him) 5.Did you have any help from anyone with …..(assistance) 6.Don ’t be away longer than you can help.(avoid) 7.I do think you could have been a bit more helpful .(ready or willing to assist) 8.“Help!Help! I’m drowning !”(Save me) 9.I am very sorry but I can’t help it .( i.e.I can’t do otherwise) 10. Can I help you in any way ?(assist you) 11. We are a bit hard up this month,my dear,so don’t spend more than you can help .(avoid) 12. Give me only a very small helping,please.(serving) 13. I ’m telling you the truth,so help me God!( i.e.May God punish me if I am not ！) 14.We’re awfully sorry that we were giggling –but we couldn’t help it .( i.e.do anything to stop it ) 15.Would you help me to carry this suitcase,please?(assist) 16.Would you help me to some potatoes,please ?( i.e.serve me with) 17.Your liver is not in a very good condition …….if I could help it .(avoid) 18.Your presence was extremely helpful,…(i.e.it gave great assistance) 19.The helping you gave me would have fed a football team !(serving) 20.The whisky is on the table …Help yourself.( i.e.Take what you want,when you want it ) 写出下列各组同义词的共同基本意义 1Sorrow,grief,anguish …..(distress of mind ) 2Bad,evil,wicked,…(not ethically acceptable ) 3Regard,respect ,esteem …(to recognize the worth of a person or thing ) 4Disprove,refute, confute …(to show or try to show by presenting evidence thar something is not true) 5.Incline,bias,dispose …(to influence one to have or take an attitude toward something ) 6.Level,flat,plane …(having a surface without bends,curves or irregularities ) 7.Generous,liberal,liberate,….(giving freely and unstingily) 8.Free,release,liberate, …(to loose from constraint or restraint ) 9.Frank,candid,open …(show willingness to say what one things or feels) 10Envious,jealous (begrudging another ’s possession of something )