2019年中考英语语法大全：句型转换.doc

2019 年中考英语语法大全：句型转换

句型转换

每年的中考试卷中，“句型转换”题所占分值较大，是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇(同义或反义) 、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活使用水平。

Ⅰ. 题型介绍

所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A，再根据括号内的要求( 有时没有明确，须自己观察) ，在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。

Ⅱ. 题型分类

从形式上看，有如下几种形式：①某一词或词组的转换; ②词组与句子的转换; ③同义句型的转换; ④为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。

从内容上看，此题型涉及的面较广，主要有：①句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句(肯定与否定) 、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换; ②句子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转

换; ③语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换; ④常用句型与词汇手段的转换。

Ⅲ. 具体分类如下

一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换

1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句，绝大部分是用not 来改变谓语结构，但也有借用否定意义的词，如nothing, nobody, none,

neither, little, few, never, hardly 等，例如：：

A：Tom does well in maths.

B：Tom doesn't do in maths.

A：He has much to do.

B：He has nothing to do.

A：All of my classmates like art.

B：None of my classmates likes art.

2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少，来判断变为哪

一种形式的疑问句。例如：

A：My brother often has breakfast at school.

B：Does your brother often have breakfast at school?

A：Tom's already weak in English.

B：Tom's already weak in English, isn't he ?

A：The red light changes every two minutes.

B：How often does the red light change?

3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性，来确定使

用哪一种感叹句的形式，例如：

A：This is an interesting book.

B：What an interesting book this is!

或How interesting this book is!

二、同义句转换。

根据上句，写出一个意思相同( 或相近) 的下句，此类形式繁多，内容复杂，涉及面广，归类如下：

1、同义词或词组之间的转换。( 通常上下句时态保持一致) 。

常见的同义词或组有：(1) 四个“花费”(spend -take-cost-

take);(2) 三个“到达”(get to -reach-arrive in/at);(3) 四个“收

到⋯来信”(hear from -get a letter from-receive a letter from-

have a letter from);(4) 两个“擅长于⋯”(be good at -do well

in);(5) 两个“有空”(be free -have time);(6) 三个“入睡”(go to

sleep-get to sleep-fall asleep);(7) 两个“玩得开心”(enjoy

oneself- have a good time);(8) “给⋯打电话”(call sb -telephone

sb-ring sb. a call- make a telephone to sb.)(9) “飞往⋯”(fly

to ⋯- go to ⋯by air/plane)(10) “自学”(teach oneself - learn ⋯by oneself)(11) 在⋯方面协助help ⋯with ⋯- help ⋯(to)do ⋯(12) 在⋯差be weak in ⋯- do badly in ⋯(13) 能/ 会⋯can-be able to(14) 更喜欢⋯like ⋯better than ⋯- prefer ⋯to ⋯(15) 充满了⋯be full of ⋯- be filled with ⋯(16) 放弃干⋯give up doing ⋯- stop doing ⋯(17)

不再⋯no longer - n ot ⋯any longer(18) 照顾/保管take care

of ⋯-look after(19) 展览o n show-on display(20) 阻止⋯

干⋯stop ⋯from doing - k eep/prevent ⋯from doing ⋯(21) 因为

thanks to- because of ⋯(22)举手hands up-put up one's hands(23)

最后，终于at last-in the end(24) 与⋯不同be different from ⋯- be not the same as ⋯(25) 从⋯借入⋯borrow ⋯from⋯-

lend ⋯to ⋯(26) 乘公汽/ 火车/的士go to ⋯by bus/train/taxi -take

a bus /train/taxi to ⋯(27) 乘自行车去⋯go to ⋯by bike -ride a bike to ⋯(28)为⋯感到自豪be proud of ⋯- be the pride of ⋯(29)

步行去⋯walk to ⋯- go to ⋯on foot (30) 独自地by oneself -alone 等。例如：

A：The children had a good time in the park.

B：The children enjoyed themselves in the park.

2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有①It seems that

从句→Somebody seems(to be)+adj/n ②It's kind of sb. to

d o⋯→Somebody is kind to do ⋯③What does⋯mean?→What do