专业英语复习题库

专业应试题库一，专业词汇翻译A spherical system of coordinatesAbsolute scaleAbsolute temperatureAbsolute zeroAcute angleAdiabatic processAdjacentAmount of heatAmplitudeAnalytical expressionAngular momentumAngular momentumAngular velocityAnnihilateAppreciableApproximate solutionArbitrarilyAssume thatAt constant pressureAt restAxial symmetryAxis of rotationBe independent ofBe proportional toBendCapacitorCenter of massCentripetal forceCgsChange in jumpsChaoticCharge by conductCharge by inductionCirculation motionClassical mechanicsCoefficientCoherentCombustion engineComparisonCompensateConductorConsecutive Consequently Conservation Considerable Constant Constructive interference Coordinate system Coulomb’s law Counter-phaseCross-sectionalCurlCurvilinear motion Cyclic process Decrement DenominatorDensityDerivative Destructive interference DevelopingDeviation from DiatomicDifferenceDiffraction DimensionDimensionDiscrete value Displacement DistanceDistribution function DivergenceDynamicsElastic collision Electric dipoleElectric fieldElectric potential Electric potential energy Electrically polarized Electrodynamics Electromagnetic ElectronElectrostatic Elementary mass Embodiment EmulsionEnergyEnergy levelEntropyEquilibrium Equipartition principle EtherExposureExternal forceFactorFirst law of thermodynamics Focal planeFraunhofer diffractionFree fallFrictionGamma photonGeneral theory relativity GeometricalGradientGravityGrow proportionally to Harmonic function Harmonic oscillatorHeatHeat capacityHeat engineHeat transferHenceHistogramHologramHolography Homogeneous Huygens’ Principle Hypothetical mediumIdeal gassIdenticalIlluminateImpartImpulseInalienableIncident lightInclinationIncoherentIncreaseInertiaInertial reference frame Infrared radiationInitial moment InstantaneousInsulatorIntegralInterferenceInternal energyInternal energyInternal forceIntra-molecular energy IsotropicKinematicsLaw of cosine lawLength contraction MacroscopicMassMass-energy conversion Mean distanceMechanical equivalent of heat MechanicsMediumMicroscopicMolar heat gas capacity MoleMolecular physics MomentumMonatomic Monochromatic light MotionMultiplyNeutronNewton’s first lawNon-equilibrium state Normal accelerationNormal toNucleiNucleonNumeratorObject beamObtuse angleOperatorPolarizationParallel axis theoremParallel beamsParallel raysParallelogram methodParameter of statePerfectly rigid body PerpendicularPhase differencePhenomenaPistonPoint chargePoint particlePowerPreferencePrinciple of relativityProbabilityProbability distribution function ProjectionPropagateProtonPseudoscopicQuantitative conclusionQuasi-staticRadianRadiusRarefactionReal imageRectilinear motionRedistributionReference frameReference waveRelative atomic mass of an element Relative molecular mass of substance Relaxation processRelaxation timeReversible (process)Rotational inertiaScalarScalar fieldSemiconductorSemitransparentSolid angleSpatial coherenceSpecial theory of relativity Specific heat capacitySpeedStationarySubscriptSuperposeSuperpositionSymmetryTemperatureTemporal coherenceTerminal velocityTest chargeThe difference on optical pathThe equation of state of an ideal gass The magnitude of a vectorThe number of degree of freedom The reciprocal ofThe refractive indexThe right-hand screw ruleThe second derivative ofThe square of distanceThe tangential acceleration Thermodynamic temperature scale Three dimensionalTime averaged valueTime dilationTimepieceTorqueTorsion balanceTranslation motionTriatomicTuning forkTwin paradoxUltraviolet lightUndeformable bodyUniform circular motionUnit timeVector fieldVectorsVelocityVirtual imageWave lengthWave numberWeight二、段落翻译翻译('54)1、For a stationary field, the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend on theinitial and final position of the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved. Forces having such a property are called conservative.2、 A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to whichmotion is being considered an a timepiece indicating the time forms a reference frame.3、The concepts of an equilibrium, state and a reversible process play a great part inthermodynamics. All the quantitative conclusions of thermodynamics are strictly applicable(适用) only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.4、If a gas is in equilibrium, its molecules move absolutely without order, chaotically. All thedirections of motion are equally probable, and none of them can be given preference over others.5、Huygen s’ principle: The theory by which light waves spreading out from a point source canbe regarded as the superposition of tiny secondary wavelets.6、If we imagine a separate isolated body in a space where no other bodies are present, then wecan not speak of the motion of the body because there is nothing with respect to which the body could change its position.7、A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to whichmotion is being considered and a timepiece indicate the time forms a reference fram.8、Translational motion is defined as motion in which any straight line associated with themoving body remains parallel to itself .9、Dynamics studies the motion of bodies with a view to what causes this motion to have thenature it does, i.e. with a view to the interactions between bodies.10, Vectors are defined as quantities characterized by a numerical value and a direction and, also, as ones that are added according to the triangle or parallelogram method.11, We shall define internal forces as the forces with which given body is acted upon by the other bodies of the system and external forces as those produced by the action of bodies not belong to the system.12, For a conservative force, the work done on a particle by the force may depend only on the initial and final positions of the particle and not on the path along which the particle moved,. 13, Conservative forces can be defined in two ways:(1)as forces whose work does not depend onthe path along which a particle passes from one point to the another, and(2) as forces whose work along any closed path equals zero.E to determine the work done on a particle by conservative 14, We can thus use the functionpforces along any path beginning at arbitrary point 1 and terminating at arbitrary point 2 .15, Assuming that the reference frame relative to which we are considering the complex motion ofa rigid body is stationary, the motion of the body can be represented as rotation with theangular velocity in a reference frame moving translationally with the velocity 0v relative to the stationary frame.16, All the quantitative conclusions of the thermodynamics are strictly applicable only to equilibrium states and reversible processes.17, The absolute temperature is proportional to the mean kinetic energy of translational motion of the molecules of a substance.18, The heat capacity of a body is defined as the quantity equal to the amount of heat that must be imparted to the body to raise its temperature by one Kelvin.19, Temperature: A measure of the average kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measure in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit or in Kelvin..20, Absolute zero: the lowest possible temperature that a substance may have- the temperature at which molecules of a substance have their minimum kinetic energy.21, Multiplication theorem of probabilities: the probability of the simultaneous occurrence of statistically independent events equals the product of the probabilities of each of them occurring separately.22, Entropy: a measure of the disorder of a system. Whenever energy freely transforms from one form to the another, the direction of transformation is toward a state of greater disorder and therefore toward one of greater entropy.23, By coherence is meant the coordinated proceeding of several oscillatory or wave processes. 24, The superposition of waves producing regions of reinforcement and regions of cancellation.Constructive interference refers to regions of reinforcement; destructive interference refers to regions of cancellation.25, There is no appreciable physical difference between interference and diffraction. Both phenomena consist in the redistribution of the light flux as a result of superposition of the waves.26, Like charges repel each other, unlike charges attract each other.27,The arrangement of the charges setting up the field being studied may change under the action of the test charge.。