《航海气象与海洋学》M1-introduction-eng
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-9-Related Disciplines
The Earth System
•Geology
•Biology
•Oceanography
•Atmospheric Science
•Hydrology
The solar system
"The Earth is a system which is
made of connected parts that
work together dynamically.
Humans play a significant role
in the Earth system."Earth science generally recognizes 4 spheres, the lithosphere( ), the hydrosphere(水圈), the atmosphere(大气), and the biosphere( ); these correspond to rocks, water, air, and life. Some
The lithosphere -rocks
(or geosphere)
The Earth's solid surface is the lithosphere. It includes continental
The hydrosphere -water
The hydrosphere is the sphere which
The cryosphere（冰冻圈）-Ice
The cryosphere is the part of the
Earth's surface where water is in a
The atmosphere -Air
The atmosphere is a gaseous layer
that surrounds the Earth. The
The biosphere -living things The biosphere is all life on earth, including man, and all organisms The anthrosphere（人类活动圈）-
humans