1现在分词、过去分词、不定式做状语讲解

现在分词/过去分词/不定式做状语详讲及分析

一•现在分词做状语(表原因，时间，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况，现在分词与主句的主语一致，且形成主谓关系，就是说现在分词的动作发出者是主句的主语.

例如：

①Hearing the news, they got excited. (When they heard the news, they got excited.)

现在分词逻辑主语.

从这个例句中看出，现在分词的发出者是主句的主语they,且主句的主语与现在分词形成主谓关系

②She got home, feeling very tired.

逻辑主语现在分词

主句的主语与feeling 形成主谓关系

③Crossing the road, Jjsaw a girl crying. (Whenj_was crossing the road, I_saw a girl cryin g.)

注：当句主句的主语与从句的动词表示动作正在进行.除了省略其连接词because, if , once, whe n从句中的主语，还要省略其be动词.

④When he was climbi ng the step』e heard terrible voice.

Climbing the step,岡heard terrible voice

⑤Because上e is a child』e ca'e nter into the in terbar.

Being a child, helca n'te nter into the in terbar

当从句中出现主+ n/adj,且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，用be动词的现

在分词形式.即|Bein[ +n/adj.

Being excited, he speaks in cohere ntly.

(Because he is excited, he speaks in cohere ntly.)

注意：当主句的主语与从句的主语不一致时,那么从句现在分词是独立的主格结构。从句中的主语不能省略。

⑥Weather| permitti nd, we'll go camp ing. (If weather permits, we'llgo camp in g.)

主语现在分词主语|

一主语不一致一形成主谓关系

从上面中可以看出，主句中的主语与从句中的主语不一致。从句中的主语与现

在分词形成主谓关系。因此，现在分词前不能省略其主语

⑦He sat in the chair, his glaring eye|s lookinb at her.

⑧I feel very excited, this being the first time to won the first.

I feel very excited, because this is my fist time to won the first..

2)

一般式（指动作通常是一般性的动作，既不明确说明发生在

现在，也不说明发生在过去、将来）

doing being done

完成式（指发生在主句的谓语动作之

前）

hav ing done hav ing bee n done

①Not knowing her address, Iwasn' able to con tact her. （knowing 为一般式）

②Having bought our tickets, we went into the theater

Wh 与brought为主动关系

从上句的句意中得知，买票的动作发生在进电影院之前。所以要用havi ng done 的形式

③Having Cj^anec the classroom』e went home.

he与clean为主动关系

④| Having bgen told many times, he still reported the same

mistake. ll为被动关系

3）有些现在分词做状语是固定结构，要记住，如juggi ng from/by, gen erally speak ing, turning to

①Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.

②Gen erally speak ing , his an swer is right.

③Turning to the left, he saw a bus pass ing.

二、过去分词

1）过去分词做状语（表原因，让步，时间，结果……）过去分词与主句的主语是动宾关系，即过去分词与主语是被动关系。

①The teacher came into classroom into the lab, followed by some students

Teacher _ 与followed 形成被动关系

句意为老师进入教室，后面跟了一些学生。—

②The teacher came into classroom, following the stude nts.

The teacher与following 形成主动关系。

②Given a chance,_l can surprise the world.

③He stood in front of the room with |his arms folded.

2）过去分词的主语与从句的主语不一致，过去分词用独立的结构。其过去分词前面也要带上主语。

④All things co”sidered, her pbper is of great value than yours.

从上面中，我们可以看到，things与her paper不是同一个主语.所以过去分词前的主语不能省略。