毕业论文外文文献翻译mimo通信工程专业无线通信基础
通信工程毕业论文外文翻译
多次反射罐方案DSA用于多跳认知无线电网络的分布式网络编码控制信道Alfred Asterjadhi等著1 前言大多数电磁频谱由政府机构长期指定给公司或机构专门用于区域或国家地区。
由于这种资源的静态分配，许可频谱的许多部分在许多时间和/或位置未使用或未被充分利用。
另一方面，几种最近的无线技术在诸如IEEE802.11，蓝牙，Zigbee之类的非许可频段中运行，并且在一定程度上对WiMAX进行操作;这些技术已经看到这样的成功和扩散，他们正在访问的频谱- 主要是2.4 GHz ISM频段- 已经过度拥挤。
为了为这些现有技术提供更多的频谱资源，并且允许替代和创新技术的潜在开发，最近已经提出允许被许可的设备（称为次要用户）访问那些许可的频谱资源，主要用户未被使用或零星地使用。
这种方法通常被称为动态频谱接入（DSA），无线电设备发现和机会性利用未使用或未充分利用的频谱带的能力通常称为认知无线电（CR）技术。
DSA和CR最近都引起了无线通信和网络界的极大关注。
通常设想两种主要应用。
第一个是认知无线接入（CW A），根据该认知接入点，认知接入点负责识别未使用的许可频谱，并使用它来提供对次用户的接入。
第二个应用是我们在这个技术中研究的应用，它是认知自组织网络（CAN），也就是使用用于二级用户本身之间通信的无许可频谱，用于诸如点对点内容分发，环境监控，安全性等目的，灾难恢复情景通信，军事通信等等。
设计CAN系统比CW A有更多困难，主要有两个原因。
第一是识别未使用的频谱。
在CW A中，接入点的作用是连接到互联网，因此可以使用简单的策略来推断频谱可用性，例如查询频谱调节器在其地理位置的频谱可用性或直接与主用户协商频谱可用性或一些中间频谱经纪人另一方面，在CAN中，与频谱调节器或主要用户的缺乏直接通信需要二级用户能够使用检测技术自己识别未使用的频谱。
第二个困难是辅助用户协调媒体访问目的。
在CW A中存在接入点和通常所有二级用户直接与之通信（即，网络是单跳）的事实使得直接使用集中式媒体接入控制（MAC）解决方案，如时分多址（TDMA）或正交频分多址（OFDMA）。
MIMO无线通信技术研究
MIMO无线通信技术研究MIMO（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output）无线通信技术是一种利用多个天线同时发送和接收数据的技术，通过这种方法，可以增加无线通信系统的数据传输速率和可靠性。
本文将介绍MIMO无线通信技术的相关研究。
MIMO技术的原理在于通过增加发送和接收天线的数量，利用空间复用和多天线分集来提高数据传输速率和可靠性。
在MIMO系统中，多个天线同时发送和接收数据，并通过多个路径传播，从而增加了数据传输速率和可靠性。
MIMO技术在无线通信领域得到了广泛应用，包括蜂窝网络、无线局域网、卫星通信等。
下面介绍一些MIMO技术的应用情况：在蜂窝网络中，MIMO技术被用来提高数据传输速率和可靠性。
在基站和移动台之间，通过增加天线的数量，可以实现多路同时传输和接收数据，从而提高数据传输速率。
MIMO技术也可以增强信号强度和覆盖范围，从而提高网络的可靠性。
在无线局域网中，MIMO技术也被用来提高数据传输速率和可靠性。
通过在接入点和客户端之间增加天线的数量，可以实现多路同时传输和接收数据，从而提高数据传输速率。
MIMO技术也可以增加信号覆盖范围，从而提高网络的可靠性。
在卫星通信中，由于卫星的信号覆盖范围广，信号传输距离远，因此卫星通信系统也常常采用MIMO技术。
通过在卫星和地球站之间增加天线的数量，可以实现多路同时传输和接收数据，从而提高数据传输速率。
MIMO技术也可以增加信号强度和覆盖范围，从而提高网络的可靠性。
随着科技的不断发展，MIMO技术在未来仍具有广泛的应用前景。
在未来5G通信和6G通信等无线通信系统中，MIMO技术将更加重要。
在未来，对于MIMO技术的研究和应用将会涉及更多领域和技术，例如人工智能、物联网、高频通信等。
在这些领域和技术中，MIMO技术将能够发挥更大的作用，为未来的无线通信系统提供更高的性能和更高效的传输效率。
MIMO无线通信技术是一种具有重大意义的技术，它可以提高无线通信系统的数据传输速率和可靠性。
通信工程毕业设计 外文翻译
东华理工大学长江学院毕业设计外文翻译学生姓名：张伟学号：09323119专业：信息工程系别：信息工程指导教师：谌洪茂职称：讲师二0一三年六月五日OriginalOptical Fiber CommunicationsThe General System Communication may be broadly defined as the transfer of information from one point to another. When the information is to be conveyed over any distance a communication system is usually required. Within a communication system the information transfer is frequently achieved by superimposing or modulating the information onto an electromagnetic wave which acts as a carrier for the information signal. This modulated carrier is then transmitted to the required destination where it is received and the original information signal is obtained by demodulation. Sophisticated techniques have been developed for this process by using electromagnetic carrier waves operating at radio frequencies as well as microwave and millimeter w ave frequencies. However, ‘communication’ may also be achieved by using an electromagnetic carrier which is selected from the optical range of frequencies.An optical fiber communication system is similar in basic concept to any type of communication system.The communication system therefore consists of a transmitter or modulator linked to the information source, the transmission medium,and a receiver or demodulator at the destination point. In electrical communications the information source provides an electrical signal, usually derived from a message signal which is not electrical (e.g. sound), to a transmitter comprising electrical and electronic components which converts the signal into a suitable form for propagation over the trans-mission medium. This is often achieved by modulating a carrier, which, as mentioned previously, may be an electromagnetic wave. The transmission medium can consist of a pair of wires, a coaxial cable or a radio link through free space down which the signal is transmitted to the receiver, where it is transformed into the original electrical information signal (demodulated) before being passed to the destination.However, it must be noted that in any transmission medium the signal is attenuated, or suffers loss, and is subject to degradations due to contamination by random signals and noise, as well as possible distortions imposed by mechanisms within the medium itself. Therefore, in any communication system there is a maximum permitted distance between the transmitter and the receiver beyond which the system effectively ceases to give intelligible communication. For long-haul applications these factors necessitate the installation of repeaters or line amplifiers atintervals,both to remove signal distortion and to increase signal level before transmission is continued down the link.For optical fiber communications system shown in Figure (a) may be considered in slightly greater detail, as given in Figure (b).Fig(a) The general communication system(b)The optical fiber communication systemIn this case the information source provides an electrical signal to a transmitter comprising an electrical stage which drives an optical source to give modulation of the light wave carrier. The optical source which provides the electrical–optical conversion may be either a semiconductor laser or light-emitting diode (LED). The transmission medium consists of an optical fiber cable and the receiver consists of an optical detector which drives a further electrical stage and hence provides demodulation of the optical carrier. Photodiodes (p–n, p–i–n or avalanche) and, in some instances, phototransistors and photoconductors are utilized for the detection of the optical signal and the optical–electrical conversion. Thus there is a requirement for electrical interfacing at either end of the optical link and at present the signal processing is usually performed electrically.The optical carrier may be modulated using either an analog or digital information signal. In the system shown in Figure (b) analog modulation involves the variation of the light emitted from the optical source in a continuous manner. Withdigital modulation,however, discrete changes in the light intensity are obtained (i.e. on–off pulses).Although often simpler to implement, analog modulation with an optical fiber communication system is less efficient, requiring a far higher signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver than digital modulation. Also, the linearity needed for analog modulation is not always provided by semiconductor optical sources, especially at high modulation frequencies. For these reasons,analog optical fiber communication links are generally limited to shorter distances and lower bandwidth operation than digital links.Figure (c) shows a block schematic of a typical digital optical fiber link. Initially, the input digital signal from the information source is suitably encoded for optical transmission. The laser drive circuit directly modulates the intensity of the semiconductor laser with the encoded digital signal. Hence a digital optical signal is launched into the optical fiber cable. The avalanche photodiode (APD) detector is followed by a front-end amplifier equalizer or filter to provide gain as well as linear signal processing and noise bandwidth reduction.Fig(c)A digital optical fiber link using a semiconductor laser source and an avalanche photodiode(APD) detectorFinally, the signal obtained is decoded to give the original digital information. However, at this stage it is instructive to consider the advantages provided by light wave communication via optical fibers in com-parison with other forms of line and radio communication which have brought about the extensive use of such systems in many areas throughout the world.译文光纤通信一般来说把信息从一点传送到另一点就称为通信。
通信工程外文资料翻译2篇
南京理工大学毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院（系）：电子工程与光电技术学院专业：通信工程姓名：学号：外文出处：1. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ONANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION,VOL. 53,NO.9, SEPTEMBER 20052. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ONMICROWA VE THEORY ANDTECHNIQUES, VOL. 53,NO.6,JUNE 2005附件：1.外文资料翻译译文一；2.外文资料翻译译文二；3.外文原文一；4.外文原文二；注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文一在单封装超宽波段无线通信中使用LTCC技术的平面天线作者：Chen Ying and Y.P.Zhang摘要：此通讯提出了一个使用低温度共烧陶瓷技术的平面天线用于超宽频带（UWB）无线通信的单封装解决方案。
该天线具有一个通过微带线反馈的椭圆形的辐射体。
该辐射体和微带线拥有与其它UWBR电路相同的接地板。
实验结果表明原型天线已达到110.9％的带宽，从1.34到5.43 dBi的增益，宽模式和频率从3到10.6GHz 的相对恒定的群延迟。
更多地还发现，标准化天线辐射功率谱密度基本符合FCCS 对于室内UWB系统的发射限制。
关键词：低温共烧陶瓷（LTCC），平面天线，超宽频带（UWB）。
一、引言现在，发展用于窄范围高速度的无线通信网络的超宽频带（UWB）无线电是一个研究热点。
超宽带无线电利用一个7.5 GHz的超宽带宽来交换信息。
使用这样大的带宽，在使U超宽带无线电发挥它最大的作用上存在一些问题.其中的一个主要问题是用于移植系统的超宽带天线的设计。
好的超宽带天线应具有较低的回波损耗，全向辐射模式，从3.1至10.6 GHz的超宽带宽下的高效率，同时也应当满足FCCS规定的发射限制。
现在已经有一些超宽带天线，如钻石偶极子和互补缝隙天线。
它们已被证明适用于超宽带无线电[1] - [4]。
无线通信毕业设计外文翻译
Wireless communicationModern computer technology, industrial revolution, the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy. Field in the electronic world, from the 20th century into the era of radio to computer technology in the 21st century as the center of the intelligent modern era of electronic systems. The basic core of modern electronic systems are embedded computer systems (referred to as embedded systems), while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most popular embedded systems.First, radio has created generations of excellence in the worldFifties and sixties in the 20th century, the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology, including radio broadcasting, radio, wireless communications (telegraph), Amateur Radio, radio positioning, navigation and other telemetry, remote control, remote technology. Early that these electronic technology led many young people into the wonderful digital world, radio show was a wonderful life, the prospects for science and technology. Electronics began to form a new discipline. Radio electronics, wireless communications began e-world journey. Radio technology not only as a representative of advanced science and technology at that time, but also from popular to professional fields of science, attracting the young people and enable them to find a lot of fun. Ore from the bedside to the superheterodyne radio radio; report issued from the radio amateur radio stations; from the telephone, electric bell to the radio control model. Became popular youth radio technology, science and technology education is the most popular and most extensive content. So far, many of the older generation of engineers, experts, Professor of the year are radio enthusiasts. Fun radio technology, radio technology, comprehensive training, from basic principles of electronics, electronic components to the radio-based remote control, telemetry, remote electronic systems, has trained several generations of technological excellence.Second, from the popularity of the radio era to era of electronic technologyThe early radio technology to promote the development of electronic technology, most notably electronic vacuum tube technology to semiconductor electronictechnology. Semiconductor technology to realize the active device miniaturization and low cost, so more popular with radio technology and innovation, and to greatly broaden the number of non-radio-control areas. The development of semiconductor technology lead to the production of integrated circuit, forming the modern electronic technology leap from discrete electronics into the era of era of integrated circuits. Electronic design engineers no longer use the discrete electronic components designed circuit modules, and direct selection of integrated circuit components constitute a single system. They freed the design of the circuit unit dedicated to system design, greatly liberating the productive forces of science and technology, promote the wider spread of electronic systems. Semiconductor integrated circuits in the basic digital logic circuits first breakthrough. A large number of digitallogic circuits, such as gates, counters, timers, shift registers, and analog switches, comparators, etc., for the electronic digital control provides excellent conditions for the traditional mechanical control to electronic control. Power electronic devices and sensor technology to make the original to the radio as the center of electronic technology turned to mechanical engineering in the field of digital control systems, testing in the field of information collection, movement of electrical mechanical servo drive control object. Semiconductor and integrated circuit technology will bring us a universal age of electronic technology, wireless technology as the field of electronic technology a part of. 70 years into the 20th century, large scale integrated circuit appeared to promote the conventional electronic circuit unit-specific electronic systems development. Many electronic systems unit into a dedicated integrated devices such as radios, electronic clocks, calculators, electronic engineers in these areas from the circuit, the system designed to debug into the device selection, peripheral device adapter work. Electronic technology, and electronic products enriched, electronic engineers to reduce the difficulty, but at the same time, radio technology, electronic technology has weakened the charm. The development of semiconductor integrated circuits classical electronic systems are maturing, remain in the large scale integrated circuit other thanthe shrinking of electronic technology, electronic technology is not the old days of radio fun times and comprehensive engineering training.Third, from the classic era of electronic technology to modern electronic technology of the times80 years into the 20th century, the century of economic change is the most important revolution in the computer. The computer revolution in the most important sign is the birth of the computer embedded applications. Modern computer numerical requirements should be born. A long period of time, is to develop the massive computer numerical duty. But the computer shows the logic operation, processing, control, attracting experts in the field of electronic control, they want development to meet the control object requirements of embedded applications, computer systems. If you meet the massive data-processing computer system known as general-purpose computer system, then the system can be the embedded object (such as ships, aircraft, motorcycles, etc.) in a computer system called the embedded computer. Clearly, both the direction of technology development are different. The former requires massive data storage, handling, processing and analysis of high-speed data transmission; while the latter requires reliable operation in the target environment, the external physical parameters on high-speed acquisition, analysis and processing logic and the rapid control of external objects. It will add an early general-purpose computer data acquisition unit, the output driver circuit reluctance to form a heat treatment furnace temperature control system. This general-purpose computer system is not possible for most of the electronic system used, and to make general-purpose computer system meets the requirements of embedded applications, will inevitably affect the development of high-speed numeric processing. In order to solve the contradiction between the development of computer technology, in the 20th century 70s, semiconductor experts another way, in full accordance with the electronic systemembedded computer application requirements, a micro-computer's basic system on a chip, the formation of the early SCM (Single Chip Microcomputer). After the advent of single chip in the computer industry began to appear in the general-purpose computer systems and embedded systems the two branches. Since then, both the embedded system, or general-purpose computer systems have been developed rapidly.Although the early general-purpose computer converted the embedded computer systems, and real embedded system began in the emergence of SCM. Because the microcontroller is designed specifically for embedded applications, the MCU can only achieve embedded applications. MCU embedded applications that best meet environmental requirements, for example, chip-level physical space, large-scale integrated circuits low-cost, good peripheral interface bus and outstanding control of instruction. A computer system microcontroller core, embedded electronic systems, intelligent electronic systems for the foundation. Therefore, the current single chip electronic system in widespread use of electronic systems to enable rapid transition to the classical modern intelligent electronic systems.Forth, single chip to create the modern era of electronic systems.A microcontroller and embedded systems Embedded computer systems from embedded applications, embedded systems for early general-purpose computer adapted to the object system embedded in a variety of electronic systems, such as the ship's autopilot, engine monitoring systems. Embedded system is primarily a computer system, followed by it being embedded into the object system, objects in the object system to achieve required data collection, processing, status display, the output control functions, as embedded in the object system, embedded system computer does not have an independent form and function of the computer. SCM is entirely in accordance with the requirements of embedded system design, so SCM is the most typical embedded systems. SCM is the early application of technical requirements in accordance with the design of embedded computer chip integration, hence the name single chip. Subsequently, the MCU embedded applications to meet the growing demands of its control functions and peripheral interface functions, in particular, highlight the control function, so has international name the single chip microcontroller (MCU, Microcontroller Unit).2 MCU modern electronic systems consisting of electronic systems will become mainstreamMCU is a device-level computer systems, it can be embedded into any object system to achieve intelligent control. Small to micro-machinery, such as watches,hearing aids.Low-cost integrated device-level, low-to a few dollars, ten dollars, enough to spread to many civilian SCM appliances, electronic toys to go. SCM constitutes a modern electronic systems has in-depth to the households, are changing our lives, such as home audio, televisions, washing machines, microwave ovens, telephones, security systems, and air conditioners. SCM innovation the original electronic systems, such as microwave ovens use SCM, it can easily set the clock, the program memory, power control; air conditioner after use of SCM is not only convenient for remote parameter setting, running automatically transform, frequency control can be achieved.At present, many household appliances such as VCD, DVD only single chip to achieve its function may occur before. 3 Embedded Systems led the entire electronics industry Current electronic components industry, in addition to microprocessors, embedded system devices, the most modern electronic systems around the supporting components industries, such as keys used to meet the human-computer interaction, LED / LCD display drivers, LED / LCD display units, voice integrated device, etc., to meet the requirements of data acquisition channel digital sensor, ADC, data acquisition module, signal conditioning modules to meet the servo drive control in the DAC, solid state relays, stepper motor controller, frequency control unit, etc., to meet the communication requirements various bus driver, level converters. Electronic components in the embedded systems world, driven by embedded applications along fully meet requirements of modern electronic systems development. This makes the original classic world of increasingly small electronic systems. Practitioners in the various electronic systems to modern electronic systems as early as possible to stay.Fifth, SCM will create a new generation of electronic elite.If the 50's, radio has created several generations of the world elite, then today's SCM will create a new generation of e-world elite. A single chip with you to the intelligent electronics If we as a dead classic electronic system electronic system, then the intelligent modern electronic systems is a "life" of the electronic system. Application System of hardware, electronic systems, "body", microcontroller applications, the applicationgives it "life." For example, in the design of intelligent machines monitor display, it can boot the system self-test results show, not to enter the work shows a variety of stand-by state, equipment run-time display running processes, work can be displayed after the end of the current results, self results, raw data, reports and other various processing. Unattended, it can run automatically given a variety of functions. Intelligent electronic systems for the endless realm, often without additional hardware resources can achieve all kinds of renovated function. It is also present in many household appliances feature a large number of additional factors. 2 single chip computer with you to the industrial area The 21st century is the century of humanity into the computer age, many people are not used in the manufacture of computer is the computer. People using the computer, only the people engaged in embedded system applications really into the internal computer system hardware and software systems, can we truly understand the nature of the computer's intelligence and grasp the knowledge of intelligent design. MCU applications starting from the learning technology applications in today's computer software training, hardware and technical personnel of one of the best roads. 3 SCM bring you into the most attractive in the digital world Charming single chip to enable you to experience the true meaning of the computer, you can design intelligent microcontroller hands-on toys, different applications can be designed to achieve different functions. Both software design and hardware making there, both mental and physical, but also hands. Primary level can develop intelligent toys, with macro programming. Intermediate levels can develop some intelligent controller, such as computer mouse, smart cars, all kinds of remote control model. High levels can be developed robots, such as robot soccer, the development of industrial control units, network communications, and high-levellanguage with assembly language or design application. Microcontroller and embedded systems around the formation of the future of the electronics industry, will provide a vast world of electronic fans, an even broader than the current wireless world, richer, more durable, more attractive in the digital world. Plunge into the microcontroller in the world to, will benefit your life.MCU AttacksCurrently, there are four single chip attack technique, namely: (1) software attack The technology is commonly used processor communication interface and use protocol, encryption algorithm or the algorithm of security vulnerabilities to attack. The success of software attack is a typical example of the early ATMEL AT89C MCU attacks. Attacker single chip erase operation of the timing design flaw, erase the encryption used by ourselves locked in place, the next stop on-chip program memory data erase operation, thus bringing into too close a single chip SCM not encrypted, and then use the programmer to read out chip program. (2) electronic detection of attacks The technology is usually a high time resolution to monitor the processor during normal operation of all power and interface simulation features, and by monitoring the electromagnetic radiation characteristics of it to attack. Because SCM is an active electronic device, when it executes a different command, the corresponding changes in the power consumption accordingly. This through the use of special electronic measuring instruments and mathematical statistical analysis and detection of these changes, you can access key information specific microcontroller.(3) fault generation technology Abnormal working conditions of the technology used to make the processor errors, and provide additional access to attack. Produce the most widely used means of attack, including the fault of the impact and the clock voltage shock. Low voltage and high voltage protection circuit attack can be used to prohibit the work of processor execution errors or enforcement action. Clock transition may reset the transient protection circuit will not damage the protected information. Power and clock transients transition effects in certain single-processor instruction decoding and execution. (4) probe This technology is directly exposed to chip connection, and then observe, manipulate, interfere with single chip to achieve the attack purpose. For convenience, these four people will attack techniques are divided into two categories is theintrusion type attack (physical attack), such attack requires destruction of package, then use semiconductor test equipment, microscopes and micro-positioning device, in a special laboratory spend hours or even weeks to complete. All of the micro-probe techniques are invasive type attack. The other three methods are non-invasive type attack, attack the MCU will not be physical damage. In some cases, non-invasive-type attacks are particularly dangerous, but because of non-invasive type attacks can usually be made and the necessary equipment to upgrade, so it is cheap. Most non-invasive type attack requires the attacker have a good knowledge of processors and software knowledge. In contrast, the invasive type of probe do not need too much of the initial attack of knowledge, and usually a set of similar technology available to deal with a wide range of productsMCU general process of invasion-type attackInvasive type of attack is thrown off its first chip package. There are two ways to achieve this goal: the first one is completely dissolved out chip package, exposed metal connections. The second is only removed to the top of the plastic package silicon core. The first method is the need to bind to the test fixture on the chip, using bind Taiwan to operate. The second method requires the attacker in addition to a certain degree of knowledge and necessary skills, but also the wisdom and patience, but operate relatively easy. Above the plastic chips can be opened with a knife, epoxy around the chip can be eroded by concentrated nitric acid. Hot concentrated nitric acid will dissolve out without affecting the chip, chip packaging and connection. This process usually very dry conditions, because the presence of water may erode the aluminum wire connections have been exposed. Then, in ultrasonic cleaning of the pool first chip with acetone to remove residual nitric acid, then washed with water to remove salt and dried. No ultrasound pool, are generally skip this step. This case, the chip surface, a bit dirty, but do not affect the operation of UV effects on the chip. The final step is to find the location of the protection fuse and fuse protection under exposure to UV light. General use at least a 100 times magnification microscope, from the programming voltage input pin of the connection tracking in, to find protection fuse. If there is no microscope, theuse of different parts of the chip is exposed to ultraviolet light and observe the results under the simple search mode. Operation applied opaque paper cover to protect the program memory chips are not erased by ultraviolet light. Will protect the fuse exposed under UV light 5 to 10 minutes to destroy the protection bit of the protective effect, use a simple programmer can directly read the contents of program memory. The use of the protective layer to protect the MCU EEPROM cell, using ultraviolet light reset protection circuit is not feasible. For this type of MCU, the general use of micro-probe technology to read the memory contents. In the chip package is opened, the chip placed under the microscope can easily find from the memory circuit connected to other parts of the data bus. For some reason, the chip lock-bit programming mode is not locked in the memory of the visit. Advantage of this flaw on the data lines to probe the above data can be read all you want. In programming mode, restart the process of reading and connect probe to the other data can be read online program and data memory, all of the information. There is also a possible means of attack is the use of microscopy and laser cutting machines and other equipment to find the fuse protection to this part of the circuit tracing and linking all the signal lines. Because of the design defects, so long as cut off from other circuit protection fuse to a one signal line, you can ban the entire protection. For some reason, this thread is very far from the other line, so the use of laser cutting machine can cut the wire without affecting the adjacent line. In this way, using a simple programmer can directly read the contents of program memory. Although the most common single chip microcontroller has fuse blown inside the code protection features, but because of general low-end MCU is not positioning the production of safe products, so they often do not provide targeted preventive measures and the low level of security. MCU applications with a broad, large sales volume, commission processing and transfer of technology between firms frequently spilled a lot oftechnical data, making use of loopholes in the design of such chips and test interface manufacturer, and by modifying the invasive type fuse protection bits, etc. means of attack or invasion-type attack to read MCU's internal procedureshave become easier.About common single chipSTC microcontroller STC's mainly based on the 8051 microcontroller core is a new generation of enhanced MCU, the instruction code is fully compatible with the traditional 8051, 8 to 12 times faster, with ADC, 4 Road, PWM, dual serial ports, a global unique ID, encryption of good, strong anti-interference. PIC Microcontroller: MICROCHIP's products is its prominent feature is a small, low power consumption, reduced instruction set, interference, reliability, strong analog interface, the code of confidentiality is good, most of the chip has its compatibleFLASH program memory chips. EMC SCM: Elan's products in Taiwan, with much of the PIC 8-bit microcontroller compatible, and compatible products, resources, compared to the PIC's more, cheap, there are many series of options, but less interference. ATMEL microcontroller (MCU 51): ATMEl company's 8-bit microcontroller with AT89, AT90 two series, AT89 series is the 8-bit Flash microcontroller 8051 is compatible with the static clock mode; AT90 RISC MCU is to enhance the structure, all static methods of work, containing the line can be Flash MCU programming, also known A VR microcontroller. PHLIPIS 51PLC Microcontroller (MCU 51): PHILIPS company's MCU is based on the 80C51 microcontroller core, embedded power-down detection, simulation and on-chip RC oscillator and other functions, which makes 51LPC in highly integrated, low cost, low power design to meet various applications performance requirements. HOLTEK SCM: Sheng Yang, Taiwan Semiconductor's single chip, cheap more categories, but less interference for consumer products. TI company microcontroller (MCU 51):Texas Instruments MSP430 provides the TMS370 and two series of general-purpose microcontroller. TMS370 MCU is the 8-bit CMOS MCU with a variety of storage mode, a variety of external interface mode, suitable for real-time control of complex situations; MSP430 MCU is a low power, high functionality integrated 16-bit low-power microcontroller, especially for applications that require low power consumption occasions Taiwan Sonix's single, mostly 8-bit machines, some with PIC 8-bit microcontroller compatible, cheap, the system clock frequency may be more options there PMW ADC internal noise filtering within the vibration. Shortcomings RAM space is too small, better anti-interference.无线通信从无线电世界到单片机世界现代计算机技术的产业革命,将世界经济从资本经济带入到知识经济时代。
通信工程专业优秀毕业论文范本大规模MIMO系统中的信道估计与反馈研究
通信工程专业优秀毕业论文范本大规模MIMO系统中的信道估计与反馈研究摘要：随着无线通信技术的不断发展，大规模多输入多输出（Massive MIMO）系统作为一种新兴的无线通信技术，受到了广泛的关注。
大规模MIMO系统具有丰富的信息传输能力和抗干扰能力，在未来的无线通信网络中具有广泛的应用前景。
本文以大规模MIMO系统为研究对象，重点探讨了该系统中的信道估计与反馈问题，旨在提高系统性能和可靠性。
1. 引言大规模MIMO系统采用了具有大数量的天线元素的基站和终端设备，其主要优势包括更高的频谱效率和更好的信号传输质量。
然而，由于天线数量的增加，信道估计和反馈问题变得更加复杂和困难。
因此，有效的信道估计和反馈技术对于大规模MIMO系统的性能至关重要。
2. 大规模MIMO系统信道估计技术2.1 传统信道估计算法2.1.1 MMSE算法MMSE（Minimum Mean Square Error）算法是一种常用的线性信道估计算法，通过最小化均方误差来估计信道。
然而，由于大规模MIMO系统中天线数量庞大，该算法的计算复杂度较高。
2.1.2 LMMSE算法LMMSE（Linear Minimum Mean Square Error）算法在MMSE算法的基础上引入了部分信息矩阵的逆矩阵，能够显著降低计算复杂度，但在实际应用中需要对信道状态信息进行先验估计。
2.2 基于压缩感知的信道估计算法压缩感知是一种新兴的信号处理技术，可以通过从子空间中采样来减少信道估计过程中的冗余信息。
该方法可以有效降低计算复杂度，提高信道估计的准确性。
3. 大规模MIMO系统信道反馈技术3.1 传统的反馈技术传统的反馈技术主要包括流水线反馈和反馈预编码。
流水线反馈将接收到的信道状态信息划分为多个时隙进行反馈，能够减小反馈延迟，但也会带来较大的反馈开销。
反馈预编码则通过对反馈信号进行编码和压缩来减小反馈开销。
3.2 基于压缩感知的信道反馈技术压缩感知技术在大规模MIMO系统中的反馈过程中也得到了应用。
5G无线通信网络中英文对照外文翻译文献
5G无线通信网络中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)翻译：5G无线通信网络的蜂窝结构和关键技术摘要第四代无线通信系统已经或者即将在许多国家部署。
然而，随着无线移动设备和服务的激增，仍然有一些挑战尤其是4G所不能容纳的，例如像频谱危机和高能量消耗。
无线系统设计师们面临着满足新型无线应用对高数据速率和机动性要求的持续性增长的需求，因此他们已经开始研究被期望于2020年后就能部署的第五代无线系统。
在这篇文章里面，我们提出一个有内门和外门情景之分的潜在的蜂窝结构，并且讨论了多种可行性关于5G无线通信系统的技术，比如大量的MIMO技术，节能通信，认知的广播网络和可见光通信。
面临潜在技术的未知挑战也被讨论了。
介绍信息通信技术（ICT）创新合理的使用对世界经济的提高变得越来越重要。
无线通信网络在全球ICT战略中也许是最挑剔的元素，并且支撑着很多其他的行业，它是世界上成长最快最有活力的行业之一。
欧洲移动天文台（EMO）报道2010年移动通信业总计税收1740亿欧元,从而超过了航空航天业和制药业。
无线技术的发展大大提高了人们在商业运作和社交功能方面通信和生活的能力无线移动通信的显著成就表现在技术创新的快速步伐。
从1991年二代移动通信系统(2G)的初次登场到2001年三代系统（3G）的首次起飞，无线移动网络已经实现了从一个纯粹的技术系统到一个能承载大量多媒体内容网络的转变。
4G无线系统被设计出来用来满足IMT-A技术使用IP面向所有服务的需求。
在4G系统中，先进的无线接口被用于正交频分复用技术（OFDM），多输入多输出系统（MIMO）和链路自适应技术。
4G无线网络可支持数据速率可达1Gb/s的低流度，比如流动局域无线访问，还有速率高达100M/s的高流速，例如像移动访问。
LTE系统和它的延伸系统LTE-A，作为实用的4G系统已经在全球于最近期或不久的将来部署。
然而，每年仍然有戏剧性增长数量的用户支持移动宽频带系统。
基于MIMO的通信系统仿真与分析研究毕业设计论文
基于MIMO的通信系统仿真与分析研究毕业设计论文标题：基于MIMO的通信系统仿真与分析研究摘要：随着通信技术的不断发展，多天线系统（MIMO）已经成为无线通信领域的关键技术之一、本文通过对MIMO通信系统进行仿真与分析研究，探讨了MIMO技术在提高通信容量和增强系统性能方面的潜力。
首先介绍了MIMO技术的原理和特点，然后建立了MIMO通信系统的仿真模型，通过对不同天线配置和信道模型的仿真结果进行分析，验证了MIMO系统的优势。
最后，本文对MIMO技术在实际应用中可能面临的问题和挑战进行了讨论，提出了一些改进和优化策略，为MIMO技术的进一步研究和应用提供了参考。
关键词：MIMO技术，通信容量，系统性能，仿真分析，问题与挑战1.引言无线通信领域的快速发展和普及，对通信系统的容量和性能提出了更高要求。
传统的单天线系统受到频谱资源有限和多径衰落等因素的限制，通信容量有限，信号质量易受到干扰和衰落的影响。
而多天线系统（MIMO）通过增加天线数量和利用空间多样性，可以有效提高通信容量，增强系统性能，成为无线通信领域的重要技术之一2.MIMO技术的原理和特点MIMO技术基于空间多样性和信号处理算法，通过在发射端和接收端分别配置多个天线，在有限的频谱资源下同时传输多个并行无干扰的数据流，并通过接收端的信号处理算法进行解码和合并，从而提高通信容量和信号质量。
MIMO技术具有抗干扰性强、提高频谱效率、增强系统覆盖范围等特点。
3.MIMO通信系统的仿真模型为了研究MIMO技术在不同场景下的性能，本文建立了MIMO通信系统的仿真模型。
该模型包括信号生成、信道模型、噪声模型、信号传输和信号接收等模块，通过设置不同的参数和信道模型进行仿真实验，并采用误码率和信噪比等指标进行性能评估。
4.MIMO系统性能的仿真结果分析通过对不同信号传输方式、天线配置和信道条件的仿真实验，本文分析了MIMO系统的通信容量和系统性能。
仿真结果表明，在相同信道条件下，MIMO系统可以显著提高通信容量和信号质量，特别是在复杂多径衰落环境和高信噪比条件下，MIMO技术的性能更为优越。
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毕业设计（论文）
外文文献翻译
文献、资料中文题目：无线通信基础
文献、资料英文题目：
文献、资料来源：
文献、资料发表（出版）日期：
院（部）：
专业：通信工程
班级：
姓名：
学号：
指导教师：
翻译日期： 2017.02.14
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译
外文出处无线通信基础(Fundamentals of
wireless communications by David
Tse)
附件：1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文
附件1：外文资料翻译译文
7．mimo：空间多路复用与信道建模
本书我们已经看到多天线在无线通信中的几种不同应用。
在第3章中，多天线用于提供分集增益，增益无线链路的可靠性，并同时研究了接受分解和发射分解，而且，接受天线还能提供功率增益。
在第5章中，我们看到了如果发射机已知信道，那么多采用多幅发射天线通过发射波束成形还可以提供功率增益。
在第6章中，多副发射天线用于生产信道波动，满足机会通信技术的需要，改方案可以解释为机会波束成形，同时也能够提供功率增益。
章以及接下来的几章将研究一种利用多天线的新方法。
我们将会看到在合适的信道衰落条件下，同时采用多幅发射天线和多幅接收天线可以提供用于通信的额外的空间维数并产生自由度增益，利用这些额外的自由度可以将若干数据流在空间上多路复用至MIMO信道中，从而带来容量的增加：采用n副发射天线和接受天线的这类MIMO信道的容量正比于n。
过去一度认为在基站采用多幅天线的多址接入系统允许若干个用户同时与基站通信，多幅天线可以实现不同用户信号的空间隔离。
20世纪90年代中期，研究人员发现采用多幅发射天线和接收天线的点对点信道也会出现类似的效应，即使当发射天线相距不远时也是如此。
只要散射环境足够丰富，使得接受天线能够将来自不同发射天线的信号分离开，该结论就成立。
我们已经了解到了机会通信技术如何利用信道衰落，本章还会看到信道衰落对通信有益的另一例子。
将机会通信与MIMO技术提供的性能增益的本质进行比较和对比是非常的有远见的。
机会通信技术主要提供功率增益，改功率增益在功率受限系统的低信噪比情况下相当明显，但在宽带受限系统的高信噪比情况下则很不明显。
正如我们将看到的，MIMO技术不仅能够提供功率增益，还可以提供自由度增益，因此，MIMO技术成为在高信噪比情况下大幅度增加容量的主要工具。
MIMO通信是一个内容非常丰富的主题，对它的研究将覆盖本书其余章节。
本章集中研究能够实现空间多路复用的物理环境的属性，并阐明如何在MIMO统计信道模型中简明扼要地俘获这些属性。
具体分析过程如下：首先通过容量分析，明确确定确定性MIMO信道多路复用容量的关键参数，之后介绍一系列MIMO物理信道，评估其空间多路复用性能；根据这些实例的结果，我们认为在角域对MIMO信道进行建模是非常自然地，同时讨论了基于该方法的统计模型。
本章采用的方法与第2章的方法是平行的，第2章就是从多径无线信道的几个理想实例着手进行分析，从中了解了基本物理现象，进而研究更适用于通信方案设计与性能分析的统计衰落模型。
实际上，在特定的信道建模技术中，我们将会看到大量的类似方法。
我们贯穿始终的研究焦点是平坦衰落MIMO信道，但也可以直接扩展到频率选择性MIMO 信道，这方面的内容会在习题中加以介绍。
7.1确定性mimo信道的多路复用容量
包括n
t 副发射天线和n
t
接受天线的窄带时不变无线信道可以用一个n
t
*n
t
阶确定性矩阵
H描述，H具有哪些决定信道空间多路复用容量的重要属性呢？我们通过对信道容量的分析来回答这个问题。
7.1.1通过奇异值分解分析容量
时不变信道可以表示为：y = Hx+w_。