物流与供应链(英文)

9
Push/Pull View of Supply Chains
Procurement, Manufacturing and Replenishment cycles
Customer Order Cycle
PUSH PROCESSES
PULL PROCESSES
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Customer Order Arrives
$352, $455 Billion $221, $311 Billion $27, $31 Billion 11%, 10.5% of GNP.
Source: Cass Logistics
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S.Chopra/Logistics Strategy
3
Traditional View: Logistics in the Manufacturing Firm
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S.Chopra/Logistics Strategy
2
Traditional View: Logistics in the Economy (1990, 1996)
Freight Transportation Inventory Expense Administrative Expense Logistics related activity
4
Supply Chain Management: The Magnitude in the Traditional View
Estimated that the grocery industry could save $30 billion (10% of operating cost by using effective logistics and supply chain strategies
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S.Chopra/Logistics Strategy
6ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
What is a supply chain?
P&G or other manufacturer
Jewel or third party DC
Jewel Supermarket
Customer wants detergent and goes
When the 1 gig processor was introduced by AMD, the price of the 800 meg processor dropped by 30%
P&G estimates it saved retail customers $65 million by collaboration resulting in a better match of supply and demand
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S.Chopra/Logistics Strategy
7
Flows in a Supply Chain
Information Product Funds
Customer
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S.Chopra/Logistics Strategy
8
Cycle View of Supply Chains
S.Chopra/Logistics Strategy
10
Examples of Supply Chains
Dell / Compaq Toyota / GM / Ford McMaster Carr / W.W. Grainger Amazon / Borders / Barnes and Noble Webvan / Peapod / Jewel
to Jewel
Plastic Producer
Tenneco Packaging
Chemical manufacturer (e.g. Oil Company)
Chemical manufacturer (e.g. Oil Company)
Paper Manufacturer
Timber Industry
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S.Chopra/Logistics Strategy
5
Supply Chain Management: The True Magnitude
Compaq estimates it lost $0.5 billion to $1 billion in sales in 1995 because laptops were not available when and where needed
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Customer Order Cycle Replenishment Cycle
Customer Retailer Distributor
Manufacturing Cycle
Manufacturer
Procurement Cycle
Supplier
S.Chopra/Logistics Strategy
– A typical box of cereal spends 104 days from factory to sale – A typical car spends 15 days from factory to dealership
Laura Ashley turns its inventory 10 times a year, five times faster than 3 years ago
Profit
4%
Logistics Cost
21%
Marketing Cost
27%
Manufacturing Cost 48%
Profit Logistics
Cost Marketing
Cost
Manufacturing Cost
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S.Chopra/Logistics Strategy
A Strategic Framework for Supply Chain Design, Planning, and Operation
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Syllabus
S.Chopra/Logistics Strategy
1
Outline
What is supply chain management? A supply chain strategy framework Seven Eleven Japan