马克吐温简介

马克•吐温Mark Twain
人物简介Character brief introduction
美国作家。

原名塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯。

1835年11月30日塞缪尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯（即马克·吐温的真名）出生于密苏里州的佛罗里达。

父亲是约翰·马歇尔·克莱门斯，母亲是简·兰普顿·克莱门斯，塞缪尔是他们的第五个孩子。

约翰·克莱门斯是一个低级的地方法官，收入微薄。

1839年秋全家迁居密苏里州的汉尼巴尔。

1843年3月24日塞缪尔·克莱门斯的父亲约翰·克莱门斯死于肺炎。

12岁时因父亲去世辍学，开始到印刷所当学徒，稍大一点便外出找活干。

21岁时，对轮船上的领港员生活发生极大兴趣，决定拜师学艺。

密西西比河上 4 年领港生活使他熟悉各式各样的人。

这一段经历为他今后的创作提供了许多素材。

1861年，南北战争爆发，他随哥哥去内华达；先卷入找矿热潮，后去报馆工作，在这期间，马克•吐温曾经先后当过印刷所学徒、报童、排字工人、水手、淘金工人、记者等，从此开始创作生涯。

1910年4月21日卒于康涅狄格州。

American writer. Samuel Lang He grace Clemence. In November 30, 1835 Samuel Lang He en Clemence ( i.e. Mark Twain's real name) was born in Missouri, florida. The father is John Marshall Clemence pro, mother was Jane Lampton Clemence, Samuel and their fifth children. John Clemence is a junior magistrate, a meagre income. The autumn of 1839 moved the family to Missouri, hannibal. In March 24, 1843 Samuel Clemence's father John Clemence died of pneumonia. At the age of 12 due to his father 's death drop, to a printer's apprentice, a slightly larger one will go out to look for a job. At the age of 21, on the ship's pilot life had great interest, decided to learn. The Mississippi River on 4 years of pilot life made him familiar with every kind of people. This experience for his future creation provides many material. In 1861, the outbreak of the civil war, with his brother to Nevada; the first involved in prospecting craze, to a newspaper, during this period, Mark Twain has worked as a printing apprentice, NEWSBOY, typesetter, seaman, mining workers, journalists, from the beginning of his career. April 21, 1910 died in connecticut.
马克•吐温是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，世界著名的短篇小说大师。

马克•吐温被誉为“美国文学中的林肯”“最具美国本土特色的作家”。

他经历了美国从“自由”资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段。

Mark Twain is the founder of American critical realist literature, the world famous master of the short story. Mark Twain was known as" in American literature Lincoln"" most American native characteristic author". He experienced the United States from the "free" capitalism to the development of imperialism, their ideas and creativity are reflected from the light make fun of the bitter irony to be pessimistic and worldweary development stage.
名字由来Origin of the name
他的笔名马克•吐温就取自船工生活：mark 是“测标”，twain为“两英寻（合12英尺）”，“测标两英寻”说明仍是安全水位。

His pseudonym, Mark Twain from the mark is life:" mark", Twain is "two fathoms (12 feet )"," mark two fathoms" remains a safe level.
主要作品Major works
《汤姆·索亚历险记》The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
《汤姆·索亚历险记》是美国著名小说家马克·吐温的代表作，发表于1876年。

小说主人公汤姆·索亚天真活泼，富于幻想和冒险，不堪忍受束缚个性，枯燥乏味的生活，幻想干一番英雄事业。

小说通过主人公的冒险经历，对美国虚伪庸俗的社会习俗、伪善的宗教仪式和刻板陈腐的学校教育进行了讽刺和批判，以欢快的笔调描写了少年儿童自由活泼的心灵。

《汤姆·索亚历险记》以其浓厚的深具地方特色的幽默和对人物敏锐观察，一跃成为最伟大的儿童文学作品，也是一首美国“黄金时代”的田园牧歌。

本书的姊妹篇是《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。

" The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" is a famous American novelist Mark Twain's masterpiece, was published in 1876. The hero of the novel Tom cable and lively, full of fantasy and adventure, unbearable irreducible individuality, boring life, fantasy of a hero career. The novel through the protagonist 's Adventures in the United States, false vulgar social customs, hypocritical religious and stereotyped hackneyed school education for satire and criticism, with lively tone depicts children free and lively mind. " Tom cable and adventure" with its rich and deep with local characteristics of the humor and keen observation of characters, became the greatest works of children's literature, is also one of the first American" golden age" pastorale. The book 's companion" Huckleberry" the adventures of Finn sawyer.
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是马克·吐温一部重要的作品，故事的主人公是在《汤姆·索亚历险记》中就跟大家见面的哈克贝利·费恩。

哈克贝利是一个聪明、善良、勇敢的白人少年。

他为了追求自由的生活，逃亡到密西西比河上。

在逃亡途中，他遇到了黑奴吉姆。

吉姆是一个勤劳朴实、热情诚实、忠心耿耿的黑奴，他为了逃脱被主人再次卖掉的命运，从主人家中出逃。

" The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn " is the adventures of Mark Twain is a important works, the hero of the story is in" Tom cable and adventures" will meet with you by Huckleberry Finn. Huckleberry is a clever, brave, kind-hearted white teenager. He lives in pursuit of freedom, fled to mississippi. In flight, he encountered a black slave Jim. Jim is a hard-working simple, warm and honest, keep faithful and true slave, he was the master again sold to escape the fate, fled from the host family
《百万英镑》The Million Pound Note
《百万英镑》是美国著名作家马克·吐温的小说，讲述了一个在美国街头乞讨的穷小子亨利·亚当斯在伦敦的一次奇遇。

伦敦的两位富翁兄弟打赌，把一张无法兑现的百万大钞借给亨利，看他在一个月内如何收场。

一个月的期限到了，亨利不仅没有饿死或被捕，反倒成了富翁，并且赢得了一位漂亮小姐的爱情，在兄弟那里也获得了一份工作。

文章以其略带夸张的艺术手法再现大师小说中讽刺与幽默，揭露了20世纪初英国社会的拜金主义思想。

“The Million Pound Note”is a famous American writer Mark Twain's novel, tells the story of a poor boy in the United States of America begging on the street Henry Adams in a London adventure. London two millionaires brothers bet, put a piece of broken million dollar bill to Henry, to see him in a month to end. A month time limit is up, Henry not only did not starve or arrested, had become a millionaire, and won a beautiful lady love, the brothers there get a job. The article with a slightly exaggerated artistic reproduction master fiction satire and humor, exposing the beginning of the twentieth Century British Society of money worship thoughts.
写作风格Writing style
融幽默与讽刺一体，既富于独特的个人机智与妙语，又不乏深刻的社会洞察与剖析，既是幽默辛辣的小说杰作，又有悲天悯人的严肃!
Melt together humor and irony, both personal wealth to the unique wit and repartee, there is no lack of profound social insight and analysis, both humor and bitter fiction masterpiece, and serious beitianminren!
思想特征Ideological feature
马克·吐温是19世纪美国批判现实主义文学的优秀代表，他站在人道主义立场上，尖锐地揭露了美国民主与自由掩盖下的虚伪，批判了美国作为发达资本主义国家固有的社会弊端，诸如种族歧视、拜金主义、封建专制制度、教会的伪善、扩张侵略等，表现了对真正意义上的民主、自由生活的向往。

Mark Twain is a nineteenth Century American realist literature outstanding delegate, he stood on humanitarian grounds, sharply exposed American democracy and freedom under the mask of hypocrisy, criticized the United States as a developed capitalist countries inherent social evils, such as racial discrimination, mammonism, the feudal autocratic system, hypocrisy, invasion of the church, performance of the real meaning of democracy, free life.
传奇人生Legendary life
马克·吐温的一生似乎注定要带上传奇色彩。

而命运的来临，令他于1835年他降生的那一年，哈雷彗星曾划过长空。

后来，马克·吐温为自己预言，当1910年哈雷彗星再次出现时，他会随它离世。

那年4月19日彗星果然出现，他也在第二天逝世。

Mark Twain's life seems destined to take the legendary. And the fate of the coming to him in 1835, the year when he was born, Halley's comet was across the sky. Later, Mark Twain as his prophecy, when in 1910 the Halley's comet appears again, he would let it die. In April 19th of that year the comet really appeared in the very next day, he died.
海伦·凯勒曾言：“我喜欢马克·吐温——谁会不喜欢他呢？即使是上帝，亦会钟爱他，赋予其智慧，并于其心灵里绘画出一道爱与信仰的彩虹。

”威廉·福克纳称他为“第一位真正的美国作家，我们都是继承他而来”。

Helen Keller Ceng Yan:" I like Mark Twain -- who doesn't like him? Even the God, also will cherish him, given its wisdom, and in its mind painting out of a love and faith of the rainbow." William Faulkner called him" the first truly American writer, and we are all inherited from him".
后人评价Later evaluation
一个优秀的作家，一个优秀的演说家
近代幽默文学的泰斗！
代表美国文学的世界一流作家！
美国文学中的林肯
A good writer, an excellent speaker
The modern humor tycoon!
On behalf of the United States of America literature of the world's leading writers!
American Literature in Lincoln
经典幽默Classic Humor
车票
马克·吐温外出乘车。

当列车员检查车票时，他翻遍了每个衣袋，也没有找到自己的车票。

刚好这个列车员认识他，于是就安慰马克·吐温说：“没关系，如果您实在找不到车票，那也不碍事。

”“咳！怎么不碍事，我必须找到那张该死的车票，不然的话，我怎么知道自己要到哪儿去呢？”
Ticket
Mark and Twain go out to ride. When the conductor to check the tickets, he searched each pocket, but could not find her ticket. Just this column conductor know him, so he comforted Mark Twain said:" never mind, if you cannot find the ticket, it does not matter." " Cough! How do not matter, I must find the damn ticket, otherwise, how do I know where to go?"
小错与大错
有人问美国作家马克吐温：“小错与大错有什么区别？”马克吐温答道：“如果你从餐馆里出来，把自己的伞留在那儿，而拿走了别人的伞，这叫小错。

但是，如果你拿走了别人伞，而把自己的伞留在那里，这就叫大错。

”
Mistakes and blunders
Someone asked the American writer Mark Twain:" mistakes and blunders what is the difference?" Mark Twain replied:" if you from the restaurant, his umbrella to remain there, and take away someone else's umbrella, that is a mistake. However, if you take away someone else umbrella, and his umbrella to stay there, this is a blunder."。