英语动词的时态语态

英语动词的时态语态
关于时态
一般现在时：用法：经常性和习惯性的动作
常用时间状语：often,usually,always,everyday,sometimes等
动词构成：动词原型/动词+s（主语是第三人称单数）
否定构成：don’t/dones’t+动词原型
注意，客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时。

现在进行时：用法：说话时正在进行的动作或当前一段时间正在进行的动作
常用时间状语：now,these days等
动词构成：is/am/are+—ing（动词现在分词）
否定构成：is/am/are+not+现在分词
注意，go,come,leave,arrive,return,die等的进行时有时表示即将发生的动作
一般将来时：用法：将来会出现或发生的动作
常用时间状语：tomorrow,next mouth,this evening,in a few minutes等
动词构成：1,will/shall+动词原型 2,am/is/are going to+动词原型
3,am/is/are+(about)+to+动词原型 4,am/is/are+coming等现在分词
以work为例:will/shall work am/is/are going to work
am/is/are(about) to work am/is/are coming/leaving…
否定构成：will/shall+ not am/is/are+not
注意，在if条件或as soon as等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

一般过去时：用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作
常用时间状语：yesterday,last night,two days ago, in 2000,at that time,before
liberation，when 等引导的含过去时的句子
动词构成：动词过去时（--ed）
否定构成：didn’t+动原
注意，He has opened the door.（表示过去“开门”的动作对现在的影响是门还开着）
He opened the door.(不能确定门现在是否开着)
现在完成时：用法: 1、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作，强调对现在的影响.
2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作
常用时间状语：already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years ,ever,so
far,since+过去的点时间,for+一段时间
动词构成：have/has+过去分词(--ed)
否定构成：have/has not+过去分词
注意：暂时性动词不能与for…, since…,How long…等表示段时间的短语同时使用
过去完成时：用法：1、过去某时间或动作之前完成的动作或状态(过去的过去)。

2、过去某一时间的动作延续到过去另一时间
常用时间状语：by that time,by the end o f… ，when/before+ 从句，said/knew/asked
的宾从中
动词构成:had+过去分词(--ed)
否定构成:had not+过去分词
过去将来时：用法：从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态，常用于宾从
常用时间状语：the next week等
动词构成： 1、would/should+动原
2、 was/were going to+动原
3、was/were(about) to+动原
一般疑问构成：常用if或whether引导宾从
特殊疑问句举例：He asked what they would do the next week.
过去进行时：用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作
常用时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time,at ten o’clock yesterday或when引导的从
句
动词构成：was/were+现在分词(--ing)
否定构成：was/were not+现在分词
关于语态
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。

例如：Many people speak English.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。

例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。

所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。

例如：He opened the door.他开了门。

(主动句)
The door was opened.门被开了。

(被动句)
被动语态的构成：被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：have／has been＋taught
现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
被动语态的用法：(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。

(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。

(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证
主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如：
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made by them in the factory.
含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

例如：We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away.
It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.
1.—It’s said all the hotels are filled with tourists.
—Don’t worry！I_______a room in Pengfei Hotel.（book）
2.The 29th Olympic Games _______ in Beijing in 2008.(hold)
3.—Have you ever been to Guilin？
—Yes.I _______ there four months ago.(go)
4.Nobody noticed what the young man _______ at that moment.(do)
5.—Did you see Mr.Smith when you were in France？
—No，when I _______ France，he had gone to China.(reach)
6.The boy with two dogs _______ in the yard when the earthquake rocked the city.(play)
7.—I called you at eight o’clock yesterday evening，but there was no answer.
—Oh，I’m sorry.I_______dinner at my friend’s home.(have)
8.Oh，the milk_______strange—do you think it’s OK to drink？(taste)
9. When we hurried to the theatre(剧院)，the concert _______ for five minutes.(begin)
10.—Did you go to Jack’s birthday p arty？
—No，I_______.(not invite)
11.—How often _______ your school sports meeting_______？—Once a year.(hold)
12.Bob often _______ his mother with the housework on Sundays.(help)
13.—_______ you _______ a ticket for the football match？
—Not yet.(buy)
14.“Wh ere is Dad，Mum？”“He _______ to the factory.”(go)
15.Today computers _______ in both cities and towns.(use)
16.—I know Mr White is very angry with me.What does he say？
--He says you _______ away if you are late again.(send)
17.—These bananas look different and they are sweet.
—Right.They _______ here from Taiwan yesterday(bring)
18.The students _______ photos in the park now. (take)
19.There _______ a football game between Italy and Germany tomorrow morning(be)
20.---The window is dirty.
---I know. It ____ for weeks(clean)
21.－What’s that terrible noise?
－The neighbors _______ for a party. (prepare)
22.The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945 and their power ______ enormously ever
since.(increase)
23.More patients ______ in hospital this year than last year.(treat)
24.A waiter's job is customers.(serve)
25. Last year Tom (award) the first prize in the university.
26. He said she (work) as a reporter since 1995.
27. —you (hear) about Dr. Norman Bethune?
—Of course. Everyone in China (know) about this famous Canadian doctor. He (help) us in the Anti-Japanese War. He (always, remember) by us Chinese people.
28.Teacher toid us that light_______(travel)at a high speed.
29. This year _________ (make)World Year of Physics Albert Einstein，_______ (remember)the father of modern physics.
30.—Peter，could you come and help me in the kitchen，please？
—Sorry，Mum.I _______ Lily with her English.(help)
—How clean and tidy your class room is！
—Thank you.It _______ everyday.(clean)
31.If he _______ harder，he will catch up with us soon.(study)
32.The headmaster said a libarary _________(build) here next term.
33.Look! A little girl is ___________________ (swim) in the river(河).
34.Li Lei ____________ (join) the League in 2001.
35.Do you like ____________ (watch) TV?
36.My brother will call me as soon as he _________________(reach) there.
37.The children won't go to the zoo if it ________________ (rain) the next day.
38.I don't like ___________ (cook) at all.
39.They______________ (go) the Summer Palace six years ago.
40.It's eight o'clock. The students _____________ (have) an English lesson.
41. Where ________ Zhou Nan ________ (teach)? She _________ (teach) in No. 2 Middle School.
42. Rebecca___________ (come) from the United Kingdom.
43.Listen, the birds ________________ (sing) in the tree.
44.Let's _________ (speak) English.
45. I'm sorry ___________ (wake) you up.
46. My parents are busy ______________(get ) ready for the visitors.
47.I think you'd better ___________(not go) out alone at night
48.Thank you for helping us. We finished ______ (clean) the classroom on time.
49.I_______(teach) here since I finished school.
50. Would you mind _______(use) your bike?
51. The students of Class Two________(sweep) their classroom now.
52. The Readers_________(not listen) to the radio at that time.
53. It's better to give than________(receive).
54. How long ______you_______(live) in this town?
55. You _______(come) here last year,______you?
56. When______you______(see) him? I______(see) him last Sunday.
57. She said that the car___________(use) the next week.
58. I didn't know what __________(happen) to China in a century.
59. When I got to the station, the train____ already______(leave).
60. The stone bridge______________(build) in our hometown for ten years.
61. The desk must______(clean) once a day.
62. The dog_________(lie) on the floor when I came in.
63. Mary said that she __________(visit) her aunt the next week.
64. Her mother____________(cook) at this time yesterday.
65. The students _____________(do) their homework.__________( not make) any noise!
66. ______you ever_______(be) to Beijing?Yes. I________(go) there last week.
67. He'll telephone us as soon as he_________(arrive) there.
68. Jiefang trucks____________(make) in Changchun.
69. A pen is used for__________(write).
70. They find it useful__________(learn) English.
87. The old man often_________(tell) the children a story in the evening.
This evening he ________(tell) two stories .
88. The radio__________(use) once in a week in our class.
It____________(not use) yesterday because there was something wrong with it.
89. Would please tell us how___________(make) the watch ________(work)?
90. She doesn't know what_________(do) and where__________(go).
91. My friend can't decide which pair of trousers____________(choose). So she asked me to go shopping with her.
92. All that must be done _______________(do).。