控制专业方向介绍,英文
Application of fuzzy control in the temperature and humidity
control of artificial climate box
Fuzzy control is a control method which based on fuzzy sets theory and it is formed by the combined of fuzzy sets theory, fuzzy technology and automatic control technology. From birth of fuzzy control, there are lots of explorative and creative research and application achievements have been obtained. Now fuzzy control idea has been a widely used method to solve problems.
Although fuzzy control has been widely used in engineering applications, there are still many practical problems which have not been resolved, including the ways to access the rules of fuzzy control, how to find the parameters , fuzzy control problems in a various multivariable coupling system and the way to promote the steady-state accuracy of fuzzy control , and so on. If we want a promotion of fuzzy control,the first step is to resolve these problem.
To expand the scope where the application of fuzzy control is suitable, and solve the practice control problems in a new fuzzy control methods. There are several key issues in the application.
The way to access rules and optimize parameter in fuzzy control.
combining with fuzzy control, simulated annealing and genetic algorithms, Aimed at this problem, a new genetic algorithm, fuzzy adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm, which is used to optimize parameters in fuzzy controll, is presented. and its convergence, convergence speed and the prevention of "premature" phenomenon of this new genetic algorithm are analyzed.
the problems when fuzzy control solutions are used in a multivariable coupling system.
We can find a fuzzy compensation to decouple, and its decoupling ability is studied. We can optimize the rules and parameters of fuzzy compensation decoupling by a genetic algorithm.
The steady-state accuracy of fuzzy control is not accurate enough.
For a cyclical movevment objects fuzzy-iterative learning hybrid control method is presented combined with fuzzy control method and iterative learning control method; And for a servo objects, a grey prediction fuzzy compensation control
method is presented combined with fuzzy control method and grey prediction control method.
Artificial climate box is a laboratory equipment to simulate the natural environment such as temperature, humidity and illumination, to create local artificial climate .It can not only provide users with an ideal artificial climate experiment environment, can be used to plant germination, seedling, tissue cells, microbial cultivation, wood, textile, building materials and electronic product performance and aging experiment, the storage of chemicals and experiment and so on, also can be used for breeding of insects and small animals, water analysis of the artificial climate experiment of determining BOD, and other purposes.So the artificial climate box has been widely applied in the biological, medical, agriculture, food, material, chemical and other industries .
Artificial climate box usually need to control the casing temperature, humidity and light.The light can be shined by special fluorescent lamp lighting, according to the level of control can use the switch control, implementation is simpler, and the temperature and humidity control due to the particularity of object itself has, control is more complicated, its control method need additional research.The core issue of artificial climate box is the way to control temperature and humidity accuracy and response speed, etc.
We can know that when the temperature is low and heating, water for cooling and dehumidification climate crate before condensation of water will increase the internal moisture ;When the temperature is high and refrigeration would have fallen after the air humidity of refrigerator and make the humidity drop, similarly, when humidity is low and humidifying, external cold or hot and will change the internal temperature, moisture and humidity high moisture will inevitably led to the decrease of the temperature.So the temperature and humidity control is strong catenated. And different specifications of the coupling of temperature and humidity of the degree is different.And sometimes climate box need a cycle control for temperature and humidity, they have two periods that the temperature and humidity is different, and climate box, the mathematical model of temperature and humidity control and shows that they have larger delay hysteresis characteristics, to achieve fast rise, short transition time, small overshoot and the purpose of general control method is very difficult to work.
As mentioned earlier, there must be a strong catenated phenomenonthe between
temperature control and humidity control, the independent use of temperature and humidity control method of fuzzy control or others without considering their catenated phenomenon, the effect of control is bad, even can cause the phenomenon of oscillation.Due to temperature and humidity control influence each other, they again it is difficult to establish the mathematical model, and different types of artificial climate box and its catenated relationship is different, so the general solution method was less effective, here we use a simple and effective method, which adopts the method of fuzzy reasoning, according to the result of the fuzzy control output, and then to draw a decoupled to compensate the output of fuzzy reasoning, solution in front of the disaster to compensate the output and the fuzzy synthetic later for the actual output control output.
So we can use the fuzzy adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm (FASAGA) to optimize the parameters and rules of fuzzy control.
Fuzzy adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm (FASAGA) is a kind of improved genetic algorithm, it combines the fuzzy control, the simulated annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm.In the combination of simulated annealing mechanism and genetic algorithm, we can combine the simulated annealing mechanism to the crossover operator of genetic algorithm and the genetic operators, rather than individual simulated annealing treatment, so we can not only improved the genetic operators, also we can retain the population genetic algorithm and the characteristics of the new produce flexible, and increase the "climbing" ability of the simulated annealing algorithm.So we can combine simulated annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm in this way.
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人力资源管理专业词汇(中英文对照) 人力资源管理:(Human Resource Management ,HRM) 人力资源经理:( human resource manager) 高级管理人员:(executive) 职业:(profession) 道德标准:(ethics) 操作工:(operative employees) 专家:(specialist) 人力资源认证协会:(the Human Resource Certification Institute，HRCI) 外部环境:(external environment) 内部环境:(internal environment) 政策:(policy) 企业文化:(corporate culture) 目标/使命:(mission) 股东:(shareholders/stakeholder) 非正式组织:(informal organization) 跨国公司:(multinational corporation，MNC) 管理多样性:(managing diversity) 二、工作:(job) 职位:(posting) 工作分析:(job analysis) 工作说明:(job description) 工作规范:(job specification) 工作分析计划表:(job analysis schedule，JAS) 职位分析问卷调查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire，MPDQ)行政秘书:(executive secretary) 地区服务经理助理:(assistant district service manager) 三、人力资源计划:(Human Resource Planning，HRP) 战略规划:(strategic planning) 长期趋势:(long term trend) 要求预测:(requirement forecast) 供给预测:(availability forecast) 管理人力储备:(management inventory) 裁减:(downsizing) 人力资源信息系统:(Human Resource Information System，HRIS) 四、招聘:(recruitment) 员工申请表:(employee requisition) 招聘方法:(recruitment methods) 内部提升:(Promotion From Within ,PFW) 工作公告:(job posting) 广告:(advertising) 职业介绍所:(employment agency) 特殊事件:(special events) 实习:(internship)
嵌入式操作系统的种类与特点
1.3.1 嵌入式操作系统的种类、特点与发展 1．嵌入式操作系统的种类 一般情况下，嵌入式操作系统可以分为两类： 非实时操作系统：面向消费电子产品等领域，这类产品包括个人数字助理（PDA）、移动电话、机顶盒、电子书等。 实时操作系统RTOS（Real-Time Embedded Operating System）：面向控制、通信等领域，如windriver公司的vxworks、isi的psos、qnx系统软件公司的qnx等。 （1）非实时操作系统 早期的嵌入式系统中没有操作系统的概念，程序员编写嵌入式程序通常直接面对裸机及裸设备。在这种情况下，通常把嵌入式程序分成两部分，即前台程序和后台程序。前台程序通过中断来处理事件，其结构一般为无限循环；后台程序则掌管整个嵌入式系统软、硬件资源的分配、管理以及任务的调度，是一个系统管理调度程序。这就是通常所说的前后台系统。一般情况下，后台程序也叫任务级程序，前台程序也叫事件处理级程序。在程序运行时，后台程序检查每个任务是否具备运行条件，通过一定的调度算法来完成相应的操作。对于实时性要求特别严格的操作通常由中断来完成，仅在中断服务程序中标记事件的发生，不再做任何工作就退出中断，经过后台程序的调度，转由前台程序完成事件的处理，这样就不会造成在中断服务程序中处理费时的事件而影响后续和其它中断。 实际上，前后台系统的实时性比预计的要差。这是因为前后台系统认为所有的任务具有相同的优先级别，即是平等的，而且任务的执行又是通过FIFO队列排队，因而对那些实时性要求高的任务不可能立刻得到处理。另外，由于前台程序是一个无限循环的结构，一旦在这个循环体中正在处理的任务崩溃，使得整个任务队列中的其它任务得不到机会被处理，从而造成整个系统的崩溃。由于这类系统结构简单，几乎不需要RAM/ROM的额外开销，因而在简单的嵌入式应用被广泛使用。 （2）实时操作系统 所谓实时性，就是在确定的时间范围内响应某个事件的特性。而实时系统是指能在确定的时间内执行其功能并对外部的异步事件做出响应的计算机系统。其操作的正确性不仅依赖于逻辑设计的正确程度，而且与这些操作进行的时间有关。“在确定的时间内”是该定义的核心。也就是说，实时系统是对响应时间有严格要求的。 实时系统对逻辑和时序的要求非常严格，如果逻辑和时序出现偏差将会引起严重后果。实时系统有两种类型：软实时系统和硬实时系统。软实时系统仅要求事件响应是实时的，并不要求限定某一任务必须在多长时间内完成；而在硬实时系统中，不仅要求任务响应要实时，而且要求在规定的时间内完成事件的处理。通常，大多数实时系统是两者的结合。实时应用软件的设计一般比非实时应用软件的设计困难。实时系统的技术关键是如何保证系统的实时性。实时操作系统可分为可抢占型和不可抢占型两类。 嵌入式实时操作系统在目前的嵌入式应用中用得越来越广泛，尤其在功能复杂、系统庞大的应用中显得愈来愈重要。 从某种意义上说，没有操作系统的计算机（裸机）是没有用的。在嵌入式应用中，只有把CPU嵌入到系统中，同时又把操作系统嵌入进去，才是真正的计算机嵌入式应用。 操作系统的实时性在某些领域是至关重要的，比如工业控制、航空航天等领域。想像飞机正在空中飞行，如果嵌入式系统不能及时响应飞行员的控制指令，那么极有可能导致空难事故。有些嵌入式系统应用并不需要绝对的实时性，比如PDA播放音乐，个别音频数据丢失并不影响效果。这可以使用软实时的概念来衡量。
人力资源管理英文专业词汇英文版
人力资源管理英文专业词汇［第二部分］- - Cafeteria benefit programs：Cafeteria benefit programs allow employees toselect the fringe benefits and services that answer their individual needs. career：A career is all the jobs that are held during one's working life. career counseling：Career counseling assists employees in finding appropriate career goals and paths.career development Career development consists of those experiences and improvements that one undertakes to achieve a career plan. career goals： Career goals are the future positions that one strives to reach. These goals serve as benchmarks along one's career path. career path：A career path is the sequential pattern of jobs that form one'scareer. career planning：Career planning is the process by which one selects career goals and paths to those goals. career plateau： A career plateau occurs when an employee is in a position he or she does well enough not to be demoted or fired but not wellenough to be promoted. change agents： Change agents are people who have the role of stimulatingchange within a group. checkoff ：A checkoff provision in a union-management labor agreement requires the employer to deduct union dues from employee paychecks and to remit those moneys to the union. Civil Rights： Act of 1964 This act was passed to make various forms of discrimination illegal. closed shop： A closed shop is a workplace where all employees are required to be members of the union before they are hired. These arrangementsare illegal under the National Labor Relations Act. codetermination ：Codetermination is a form of industrial democracy
人力资源管理英文论文
页眉内容 Managing human resource Introduction Nowadays, as the stress of the competition become heavier and heavier, people who go to an interview or work in a firm pay more and more attention to the EEO. The EEO is the law of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the first federal law designed to protect most U.S. employees from employment discrimination based upon that employee's (or applicant's) race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Title also established the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to assist in the protection of U.S. employees from discrimination.EEO legislation requires fair treatment for all members of the community and the elimination of discrimination. It means selecting the best person for the job in terms of their job-related skills. EEO includes following aspects: RACE, COLOR, RELIGION, SEX, NATIONAL ORIGIN Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, protects applicants and employees from discrimination in hiring, promotion, discharge, pay, fringe benefits, job training, classification, referral, and other aspects of employment, on the basis of race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), or national origin. Religious discrimination includes failing to reasonably accommodate an employee’s reli gious practices where the accommodation does not impose undue hardship. DISABILITY Title I and Title V of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, protect qualified individuals from discrimination on the basis of disability in hiring, promotion, discharge, pay, fringe benefits, job training, classification, referral, and other aspects of employment. Disability discrimination includes not making reasonable accommodation to the known physical or mental limitations of an otherwise qualified individual with a disability who is an applicant or employee, barring undue hardship. AGE The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended, protects
人力资源管理 英语作文十篇
英语写作 1.上海China-mc管理咨询公司是全国十大管理咨询公司之一，专注于组织 智慧技术（organization wisdom technology
29945 嵌入式软件技术概论
高纲1450 江苏省高等教育自学考试大纲 29945 嵌入式软件技术概论 南京航空航天大学编江苏省高等教育自学考试委员会办公室
一、课程性质及其设置目的与要求 （一）课程性质和特点 《嵌入式软件技术概论》是高等教育自学考试计算机网络专业（独立本科段）考试计划规定必考的一门专业课。通过本课程的学习，不仅使学生了解嵌入式计算机系统的基本概念和组织构成，并以ARM Cortex-M0+系列微处理器为基础掌握嵌入式计算机系统软件的开发方法，重点培养学生嵌入式计算机系统的软件开发能力。 （二）本课程的基本要求 本课程共分为14章。在对嵌入式计算机的学科基础、研究和应用领域以及ARM Cortex-M0+微处理器和KL25子系列微控制器进行简要介绍的基础上，重点阐述了如何基于KL25子系列微控制器开发一个相对完整的嵌入式系统的具体过程，以及嵌入式系统中所包含的基本接口及模块的编程方法，包括串行通信、中断、定时器、GPIO、FLASH、ADC、DAC、CMP、SPI、I2C、TSI、USB2.0、系统时钟及其它接口与模块。通过对本书的学习，要求应考者对嵌入式计算机系统有一个全面和正确的了解。具体应达到以下要求： 1.了解嵌入式计算机系统的基本概念、发展过程、现状和发展趋势，嵌入式计算机系统的应用范畴，嵌入式计算机系统与通用计算机系统的区别与联系； 2.理解并掌握嵌入式计算机系统的基本构成和基本原理； 3.掌握基于KL25子系列微控制器的嵌入式计算机软件系统开发的方法以及对嵌入式计算机系统各基本接口及模块的开发编程方法。 （三）本课程与相关课程的联系 嵌入式软件技术概论是一门综合性和应用性都比较强的课程，其内容涉及计算机相关专业的大部分专业课程，学习者需要具有一定的数字电路及编程基础，也要对计算机的一般组成有所了解。因此，本课程的前修课程应至少包含《数字电路》、《程序设计语言》（以C 语言为主）以及《计算机组成原理》，这些课程可以帮助学生很好的理解嵌入式计算机系统的硬件结构及尽快掌握嵌入式计算机系统的软件编程方法。 二、课程内容与考核目标 第1章概述
人力资源管理专用英文词汇
人力资源管理专用英文词汇 人力资源管理:(Human Resource Management ,HRM) 人力资源经理:( human resource manager) 高级管理人员:(executive) 职业:(profession) 道德标准:(ethics) 操作工:(operative employees) 专家:(specialist) 人力资源认证协会:(the Human Resource Certification Institute,HRCI) . 外部环境:(external environment) 内部环境:(internal environment) 政策:(policy) 企业文化:(corporate culture) 目标:(mission) 股东:(shareholders) 非正式组织:(informal organization) 跨国公司:(multinational corporation,MNC) 管理多样性:(managing diversity) . 工作:(job) 职位:(posting) 工作分析:(job analysis) 工作说明:(job description) 工作规范:(job specification) 工作分析计划表:(job analysis schedule,JAS) 职位分析问卷调查法:(Management Position Description Questionnaire,MPDQ) 行政秘书:(executive secretary) 地区服务经理助理:(assistant district service manager) . 人力资源计划:(Human Resource Planning,HRP) 战略规划:(strategic planning) 长期趋势:(long term trend) 要求预测:(requirement forecast) 供给预测:(availability forecast) 管理人力储备:(management inventory) 裁减:(downsizing) 人力资源信息系统:(Human Resource Information System,HRIS) . 招聘:(recruitment) 员工申请表:(employee requisition) 招聘方法:(recruitment methods)
人力资源管理体系(英文版)
人力资源管理体系 (英文版) 1
An HR Audit ? Department Organization Questionnaire The Human Resources Department is structured, organized and equipped to provide overall strategy, direction and effective management of the organization’s human resources function to accomplish organizational objectives. 1.Is there one department or function within the organization that is responsible and accountable for planning, establishing, overseeing and coordinating all human resource policies, systems and services for all 11 major categories? 2.Does the senior-level human resources manager report to the same level position as all other major staff and line departments within the organization? 3.Does the senior human resources manager participate in addressing the organiz ation’s strategic, tactical and policy issues? 4.Does the senior human resources manager integrate all HR activities with the organization’s strategic business plan.
适合STM32的嵌入式操作系统
一下是网络收集的几种适合stm32的嵌入式操作系统，打算最近都移植一下，先做个记录。 基于STM平台且满足实时控制要求操作系统，有以下4种可供移植选择。分别为μClinux、μC／OS-II、eCos、FreeRTOS和都江堰操作系统(djyos)。下面分别介绍这四种嵌入式操作系统的特点及不足。 1、μClinux μClinux是一种优秀的嵌入式Linux版本，其全称为micro-control Linux，从字面意思看是指微控制Linux。同标准的Linux相比，μClinux的内核非常小，但是它仍然继承了Linux操作系统的主要特性，包括良好的稳定性和移植性、强大的网络功能、出色的文件系统支持、标准丰富的API，以及TCP／IP网络协议等。因为没有MMU内存管理单元，所以其多任务的实现需要一定技巧。 μClinux在结构上继承了标准Linux的多任务实现方式，分为实时进程和普通进程，分别采用先来先服务和时间片轮转调度，仅针对中低档嵌入式CPU 特点进行改良，且不支持内核抢占，实时性一般。 在内存管理上由于μClinux是针对没有MMU的处理器设计的，不能使用处理器的虚拟内存管理技术，只能采用实存储器管理策略。系统使用分页内存分配方式，在启动时对实际存储器进行分页。系统对内存的访问是直接的，操作系统对内存空间没有保护，多个进程可共享一个运行空间，所以，即使是一个无特权进程调用一个无效指针也会触发一个地址错误，并有可能引起程序崩溃甚至系统崩溃。 μClinux操作系统的中断管理是将中断处理分为两部分：顶半处理和底半处理。在顶半处理中，必须关中断运行，且仅进行必要的、非常少、速度快的处理，其他处理交给底半处理；底半处理执行那些复杂、耗时的处理，而且接受中断。因为系统中存在有许多中断的底半处理，所以会引起系统中断处理的延时。 μClinux对文件系统支持良好，由于μClinux继承了Linux完善的文件系统性能，它支持ROMFS、NFS、ext2、MS-DOS、JFFS等文件系统。但一般采用ROMFS 文件系统，这种文件系统相对于一般的文件系统(如ext2)占用更少的空间。但是ROMFS文件系统不支持动态擦写保存，对于系统需要动态保存的数据须采用虚拟RAM盘／JFFS的方法进行处理。