辩论的逻辑分析——以大学生辩论赛为例

Abstract

Debate is a kind of common speech acts in people’s daily life. It had been closely related to the logic since the origin of logic. But as the following development direction of logic was formal logic, the research of debate has gradually been excluded from mainstream of logic. In the late 20th century, with the rise of informal logic and the development of critical thinking movement, studies on debate has re-entered the mainstream of logic. Base on the rise of debate researches, this paper studies debate from the logical perspective with real college students debates, and analyzes the real debates with the argumentation theory in computer science. The paper consists of the following parts:

Firstly, review the historical relations between debate and logic and theoretical results and research situation home and abroad of debate. Secondly, study the nature and the structure of debate, trying to identify terms that tend to result in academic ambiguity and sum up the debate types in daily life. Thirdly, integrate formal logic and informal logic to make a comprehensive analysis of debate. This part, which is the main part of the whole thesis, discussing the characters of debate from the accuracy, validity, reasonableness and appropriateness to judge whether an debate is persuasive. Fourthly, introduce argumentation theory and try to apply it to practical examples, laying a foundation for the interdisciplinary studies on argumentation between logic and computer science.

Keywords: debate; formal logic; informal logic; argument; argumentation theory

目录

致谢 (i)

摘要 (ii)

Abstract (iii)

1 辩论研究概况 (1)

1.1辩论与逻辑学的历史渊源 (1)

1.1.1 逻辑起源与辩论 (1)

1.1.2 形式逻辑与辩论 (2)

1.1.3 非形式逻辑与辩论 (4)

1.1.4 批判性思维与辩论 (5)

1.2辩论研究的多维度 (6)

1.2.1 形式论辩术 (7)

1.2.2 语用论辩术 (8)

1.2.3 新论辩术 (11)

1.3辩论在中国的研究现状 (12)

2 辩论的性质与构造 (15)

2.1什么是辩论 (15)

2.1.1 辩论与日常对话及争吵 (15)

2.1.2 辩论与论证 (16)

2.1.3 辩论、论辩与论辩术 (18)

2.2辩论的形式与结构 (19)

2.2.1 辩论的常见形式 (19)

2.2.2 辩论的一般结构 (22)

3 辩论的逻辑要求 (25)

3.1准确性 (25)

3.1.1 辩论中的概念 (25)

3.1.2 辩论中的判断 (27)

3.2有效性 (28)

3.2.1 辩论中的三段论 (30)

3.2.2 辩论中的假言推理 (36)

3.2.3 辩论中的选言推理 (38)

3.2.4 辩论中的二难推理 (41)

3.3合理性 (45)

3.3.1 归纳推理的合理性 (46)

3.3.2 类比推理的合理性 (48)

3.4得体性 (49)

3.4.1 礼貌与得体 (49)

3.4.2 真诚与得体 (52)

3.4.3 情感与得体 (53)

3.4.4 副语言成分与得体 (55)

4 基于论辩理论的辩论实践应用分析 (57)

4.1论辩理论概述 (57)

4.1.1 论辩框架 (57)

4.1.2 论证 (62)

4.2大学生辩论赛的个案分析 (66)

5 结论 (74)

参考文献 (75)

作者简历 (78)