情态动词,虚拟语气-教案新部编本

教师学科教案[ 20 – 20 学年度第__学期]
任教学科：_____________
任教年级：_____________
任教老师：_____________
xx市实验学校
情态动词
1.can可用来表示能力、客观可能性、请求和惊异等态度,还可用来表示常有的行为和情形。

It can be quite cold here in winter. （有时会）
2.must可表示“偏要”
If you must smoke, at least you could use an ashtray.
3. shall
1) 用于第一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见或请求
--This question is very difficult. Shall my studentst have a try? ---Of course.
2) 用于第二、三人称中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等。

If you work well, you shall have higher wages.
If you won’t do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party.
3) shall 用于规章、条约等文件中，表示必须履行的义务或规定。

Persons under 18 shall not be employed in nightwork.
Each competitor shall wear a number.
4.should （表示预期）应该会，可能；竟然
It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack should be here at any moment.
It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years.
4.would可用来表示估计或猜想
It would be a shame to miss the beginning of the play!
would 表示“过去经常”和used to 的相同和区别：
1）可以换用：He would/used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.
2)used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比，“过去怎样，则现在却不这样了。

”
would则表示单纯的过去习惯，常与often,every day等连用。

He _used to_be a very strong man.(他过去很强壮，而现在体质差。

)
We _would_ sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story.(过去重复行为) 3)表示过去的状态，只用used to,不用would。

There _used to_ be to park here.以前这儿有一个公园。

5.dare/need既可以做情态动词，又可做实意动词; 做情态动词时，一般不用于肯定句中。

The table needs painting(to be painted).
We should dare to give our own opinion.
You needn’t telephone him now.
She dare not go out alone at night.
6. will 表示习惯；规律；表示命令；趋势，倾向
Sometimes the cat will lie there all afternoon.
Oil and water will not mix. Oil will float on water.
All boys will attend the lecture at 9 o’clock.
Exercise:
1.All members shall contribute to the fund needed for carrying on such activities.
(所有成员都要捐助进行这一类活动所需要的经费.)
2.Fish will die out of water.
3. She can ( could) be very naughty at times.
4 . At a time when everybody was in bed, he must turn his radio on.
5. An increase in a nation’s money supply, without an accompanying increase in economic activity, _______result in higher prices.
A．tends B. tends the C. tending to D will tend to
2. Peter may come with us tonight, but he isn’t sure yet.
3. I think it’s all right. She can’t make a mistake.
4. They _must_ have been to Beijing last year. They knows it very well.
5. He __can’t_ have made such a mistake, because he is a very careful man.
6. He must be a student, _isn’t he___?
7. They must have read the novel, __haven’t they__?
8. They must have finished the work yesterday, _didn’t they_?
1) could+ have done: 表示过去有可能做某事但未作。

●I could have won the game but decided to let her win. (赢得比赛)
Can/could+ have done:用于否定句、疑问句，表示对过去情况的怀疑，否定。

●I saw Mr. Zhang just now. He couldn’t have gone to Beijing. (他不可能去北京了）
Can he have told a lie at that time? (他当时会说谎吗？)
2)might+ have done : 表示过去未曾实现的动作。

●You might have helped me if you had come earlier. (帮助我)
may/might+ have done一般用于肯定、否定句中，表示对过去情况不肯定的推测.
He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is praise-worthy.
(他可能没达到他的全部目的，但他的努力是值得赞扬的。

)
3) must + have done表示对过去行为的比较肯定的推测
Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong—willed man.
4) needn’t + have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事
didn’t need to (have to) 表示没有必要做而实际上也没有做
Mark needn’t have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
5) should/ought to + have done 本应做而实际上未做
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to + have done 本不应做而实际上做了
--My cat’s fat. –You shouldn’t have given her so much food.
Exercise:
1 I _ could have won the game _（本来能赢得比赛）but decided to let her win.
2 I saw Mr. Zhang just now. He __ couldn’t have gone to（不可能去）Beijing.
3 Can he_ have told a lie _（说谎）at that time?
4 You_ might have helped me __（可能会帮上我）if you had come earlier.
5 He_ may not have achieved（可能没达到）all his aims. But his effort is praise-worthy.
6 Jack described his father, who _ must have been _（一定是）a brave boy many years ago, as a strong—willed man.
7 Mark _ needn’t have hurried （没有必要急急忙忙）. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
8 --My cat’s fat. –You _ shouldn’t have given _（本不该给）her so much food.
虚拟语气
省略if，把were, should, 或had 移到主语之前。

__________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to ______ the picnic.
A Would, put forward
B Should, call off
C Were, put off
D Should, put up
只有主句，不出现虚拟条件句，用without, but for等介词短语或but, or, otherwise 等连词或副词表示虚拟语气。

I regret not having taken your advice. Otherwise I ______ this mistake.
A didn’t make
B would not make
C hadn’t made
D wouldn’t have made
虚拟语气用于名词性从句中，注意使用(should) do 结构的虚拟语气。

1 在表示“建议、要求、命令、主张、决定”等含义的动词或名词后接名词性从句时，其从句的谓语动词部分要采用“(should) do”结构。

常用词有：demand, desire, command, require, request, propose, persist, recommend, order(命令), insist(坚持要求),advise, suggest(建议), suggestion, requirement, advice, proposal 等。

2 在“It +be+suggested/ordered/proposed/required等+that 从句”结构中，从句的谓语动词也要用(should) do 形式的虚拟语气结构。

3 在“It is necessary/ important/ natural/ strange 等+ that 从句”结构中，从句的谓语动词也要用(should) do 形式的虚拟语气结构。

另外要注意两个单词：suggest和insist.
His smile on his face sugested he __was_(be) happy.
They young man insisted that he _was_(be) right.
1 if only…
2 It is (high) time that—clause
3 would rather 后的从句
4 as if (though)
5 wish 后的宾语从句
情态动词和虚拟语气专练
1. Sorry I’m late. I ____have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might
B. should
C. can
D. will
2.---Write to me when you get home. ---________.
A. I must
B.I should
C. I will
D.I can
3.I was really anxious about you . You ______home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave
B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left
D. needn’t leave
4. ---I hear you’ve got a set of valuable coins. ______ I have a look? ---Yes, certainly.
A. Do
B. May
C. Shall
D. Should
5. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach . I_____ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat
B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten
D. mustn’t eat
6. ---I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
---It _______true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be
B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be
D. mustn’t be
7. ---The room is so dirty ._____we clean it? ---Of course.
A. Will
B. Shall
C. Would
D. Do
8. My dictionary has disappeared. Who _____have taken it?
A. should
B. must
C. could
D. would
9. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I ____ report it to the police ?
A. should
B. may
C. will
D. can
10.Mr. White ______at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t show up.
A. should have arrived
B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
D. should be arriving
11.---Isn’t that Ann’s husband over ther e ?---No, it _____ be him. I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A. can’t
B. must not
C. won’t
D. may not
12.--Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
-- Oh, he _____ have been a very smart boy then.
A. could
B. should
C. might
D. must
13.--- I don’t mind telling you what I know.
---You _____. I’m not asking you for it.
A. mustn’t
B. may not
C. can’t
D. needn’t
14.----Who is the girl standing over there? ----Well, if you _____know, her name is Mabel.
A. may
B. can
C. must
D. shall
15.----I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.----You _____her last week.
A. ought to tell
B. would have told
C. must tell
D. should have told
16. （2008福建）It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it ____ be rather cold sometime.
A. must
B. can
C. should
D. would
17.（2008湖南）You don't have to know the name of the author to find a book. You
_____ find the book by the title。

A. must
B. need
C. can
D. would
18.（2008江苏）—I'm sorry. I ______ at you the other day.
—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn't shout
B. shouldn't have shouted
C. mustn't shout C. mustn't have shouted
19（2008山东）Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don't think we ____ it without you.
A. can manage
B. could have managed
C. could manage
D. can have managed
20（2008江西）What a pity. Considering his ability and experience，he ____ better。

A. need have done
B. must have done
C. can have done
D. might have done
21（2008辽宁）Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general。

A. shall
B. should
C. can
D. must
22（2008全国II）Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling。

A. will
B. can
C. must
D. may
23（2008陕西）—What sort of house do you want to have？Something big？
—Well，it _________ be big--that's not important。

A. mustn't
B. needn't
C. can't
D. won't
24（2008四川）Although this ____ sound like a simple task，great care is needed。

A. must
B. may
C. shall
D. should
25（2008浙江）You ______ be hungry already —you had lunch only two hours ago！
A. wouldn't
B. can't
C. mustn't
D. needn't
26. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _________，she would have met my
brother.
A. has come
B. did come
C. came
D. had come
27. Without electricity，human life ________ quite different today.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D. would be
28. Mike's father，as well as his mother，insisted that he ________ home.
A. stayed
B. could stay
C. has stayed
D. stay
29. Mr. Smith insisted that he ________ the work all.
A. had done
B. have done
C. did
D. so
30. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see
her.
A. has she known
B. had she known
C. if she know
D. if she has
known
31. Our monitor requested that ________.
A. all the class studied more carefully the problem
B. the problem was more carefully studied
C. with great care the problem could be studied
D. all the class study the problem more carefully
32. -- Would you have called her up had it been possible？
--Yes, but I __ busy doing my homework.
A. was
B. were
C. had been
D. would be
33. His tired face suggested that he ________ really tired after the long walk.
A. had been
B. was
C. be
D. should be
34. It is important that we ________.
A. shall close the window before we leave
B. will close the window before we leave
C. must close the window before we leave
D. close the window before we leave
35. I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise I ______ him.
A. had telephoned
B. would telephone
C. would have telephoned
D.
telephone
参考答案
1-5:ACBBC 6-10:CBCAA 11-15: ADDCD 16-20BCBBD
21-25 CDBBB 26~30 DDDAB 31~35 DABDC。