英语语法之倒装句

英语语法之倒装句

完全倒装

表示地点的副词here, there 置于句首, 且主语是名词(不是代词) 时

表示时间、方向的副词或介词短语置于句首, 且主语是名词(不是代词) 时

作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such 置于句首时

部分倒装

“only+状语”置于句首, 主句需要部分倒装

具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词以及含否定词的介词短语置于句首作状语时

“so或neither + 助动词/情态动词/be 动词+主语”表示“……也/也不”

so/such...that...句型

以had/were/should 开头省略if 的虚拟条件句

形式倒装

感叹句

the more...the more...句型

whatever 或however 引导的让步状语从句

as /though 引导的让步状语从句

考点一倒装句

一、完全倒装(Full Inversion)

谓语部分完全放在主语之前的句子,便是完全倒装句。

1.副词、介词短语类:

①表示地点的副词here, there 置于句首, 且主语是名词(不是代词) , 需用完全倒装, 其形式为: There/Here+谓语+主语。常用于此句型的谓语动词为be, go, come, exist, follow, remain, lie等, 时态要用一般现在时。

There goes the last bus.末班公共汽车开走了。

Here is the address of your hotel.这里就是你宾馆的地址。

There goes the bell for break.下课铃响了。

Here you are.给你。(代词作主语, 不倒装)

②表示时间的副词(如: now, then 等) 、运动方向的副词(如:out, in, up, down, away 等) 及表示地点的介词短语置于句首, 且主语是名词(不是代词) , 需用完全倒装, 其形式为: 副词或介词短语+谓语+主语。常用于此句型的谓语动词为come, fall, follow,exist, lie, go, remain, run 等, 时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。

Now comes your turn! 现在该你了!

Up went the arrow into the air.箭直射向空中。

Under the table sleeps a white cat.在桌子下面睡着一只白色的猫。

Behind the counter he stood. 他站在柜台后面。(代词作主语, 不倒装)

2.表语类:

为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分等, 将作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such 置于句首时, 需用完全倒装, 其形式为: 形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词短语/such+be+主语。

Happy are those who are contented.知足者常乐。

Growing all over the mountain are wild flowers.漫山遍野长满了野花。

Seated on the ground are a group of young people.席地而坐的是一群年轻人。

Inside the parcel was a letter.包裹里有封信。

Such were his words.( = Such was what he said.)这就是他说的话。

二、部分倒装(Partial Inversion)

把be 动词、助动词或情态动词置于主语之前的句子叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有下面几种:

1.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句, 且放在句首时。

Only in this way can we learn English well.

只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。

使用特点:

(1) 在部分倒装句中, 如果谓语部分无助动词, 则需找助动词来“帮助”构成倒装句。

(x) Only after the war learned he the sad news.

(√) Only after the war did he learn the sad news.

只是在战后他才得知那个不幸的消息。

(2) only 修饰状语从句时, 从句不可倒装, 主句倒装。

(x) Only when did he return we found out the truth.

(√) Only when he returned did we find out the truth.

只是当他回来的时候, 我们才查明了真相。

(3) only 修饰主语时, 句子不可倒装。

(x) Only can he answer the question.

(√) Only he can answer the question.只有他能回答这个问题。

题组训练单句填空

①(2014 湖南,29) Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.

②(2012 天津, 6) Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake.

2. 否定词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely,rarely 及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。

Never before have I seen such a moving film. = I have neverseen such a moving film before.

以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。

Not a single mistake did he make. = He didn't make a single mistake.

他一个错误也没犯。

Hardly do I think it possible to finish the work before dark.= I hardly think it possible to finish the work before dark.

我认为在天黑之前完成这项工作几乎是不可能的。