英语一冠词
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
冠词
冠词的用法十分繁杂。有人将其基本用法归纳为四句顺口溜,以便于学习、记忆:
普通名词要加冠,专有抽象不加冠,天地日月山水定,季节年月周日免。
不定冠词
Some special rules:
不定冠词:
1. 用于某些专有名词前,表示“某一位”、“某一种”(some, certain)或属于某家族中的一员。例如:
A Mr. Smith is waiting for you.
He is a Kennedy.
2. 用于某些物质名词前,表示“一份”、“一杯”等。例如:
I want a beer. 我要一份啤酒。
Give me two coffees, please.
3. 凡是由动词转变而成的名词, 一般都加不定冠词,如:break, drive, kick, look, rest, sleep, smoke, think, wash, weep, wink等.
You’d better have a good rest.
Let’s have a drive in the city.
There has been a terrible smash on the railway.
4.疾病名称一般不用冠词,但一些常见病通常要加不定冠词:cold, cough, fever, temperature, headache, ache, pain 等。但在词组catch cold(着凉、伤风)中则不需冠词。
5.固定搭配
a bit of …有点儿as a result 因此
bring to an end使结束after (in) a fashion马虎
as a rule通常keep a firm grip on紧握
all of a sudden突然as a whole 总体上
build/make a fire 生火in a hurry 匆忙
at a birth 一胎come to an end 告终
in a mess 乱七八槽at a distance 一定距离
lend a hand 帮忙in a moment 立刻
at a loss 不知所措have a bath 洗澡
in a walk 轻易地at a time 一次,一度
make a study of 研究take a walk 散步
in a word 简而言之make a living 谋生
in a wink 瞬时make a fortune 发财
not a bit 一点儿不have a good time 过得愉快
keep an eye on 照看,密切keep a tight hand on 控制
take an interest in 对…感兴趣have a word with 和…交谈come to a conclusion 得出结论
定冠词
1.用于表示计量单位的单数名词前,意为“按照……标准(单位)”,例如:
Workers are paid by the week.
Meat is sold by the pound.
2.在一些结构中表示人体部位的名词前要用定冠词,而不能用物主代词。例如:
The old man patted the boy on the back.
He was shot in the head.
3.表示独一无二或被认为是唯一的事物。例如:
the earth地球the sun太阳
the world世界the sky天空
the moon月亮the universe 宇宙
4.用于表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海湾、运河等名词前④。例如:
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋the Mississippi River 密西西比河
the Alps 阿尔卑斯山the British Isles 大不列颠群岛
the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉大沙漠the Gulf of Mexico 墨西哥海湾
the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河
注:
④表示湖泊的名词前一般不加定冠词,但中国湖泊名称
前要用定冠词。例如:
Lake Baikal,the Tongting Lake(或Lake Tongting)
此外,一座山或一座岛屿名称前通常不加定冠词。
例如:Mount Everest Tai Mountain
5.用于表示酒店、旅馆、戏院、电影院名称等
the George and Dragon 乔治与龙酒店
the Hilton 希尔顿饭店
the Old Vic 老维克剧院
the Odeon 奥地安电影院
6.用于表示轮船、飞机、三军、学校、历史朝代等名称前⑤。例如:
the Queen Elizabeth 伊丽莎白女王号(船名)
the Mirage 幻影式战斗机
the Air Force
the Atlantis
the Tang Dynasty
the University of Beijing
1
注:
⑤一些以人名或地名命名的大学,如果人名或地名前置时,一般不加定冠词。试比较:
the University of Beijing
Beijing University
He had such a bad headache yesterday that he stayed at home.
I have a terrific pain in the back of my head.
7.用于复数姓氏前,表示“某某一家人”。例如:
The Smiths have just moved here.
The Harrisons are going to attend the party tonight
8.表示演奏乐器时,用于乐器的名称前。例如:
play the piano 演奏钢琴
9.用于一些固定搭配中
after the fashion of 模拟,照……样子去做
at the moment 目前,此刻in the end 最终
on the rise (fall) 增长(下降)beat the air 徒步
in the long run 从长远观点in the short run 从短期观点beside the question 离题in the presence of 在……面前
by the way 顺便提一句on the alert 警惕
carry the day 获胜on the average 一般说来
follow the fashion 赶时髦on the contrary 相反
for the moment 暂时for the time being 暂时
on the spot 当场,现场in the distance 在远处
on the whole 总的,大体上set the fashion 标新立异
play the fool 干傻事take the field 出征
to the point 切题to the purpose 中肯的
10.加不加定冠词,词义不一样。这种习惯用法包括以下两类。
1)有一些名词,加定冠词和不加定冠词意义不同。不加定冠词时强调名词的抽象概念,表示从事与名词有关的活动;加定冠词时强调地点,表示“去或到某个地点”。这些名词常用的有:bed,school,hospital,church,sea,market,class,society,prison,college,space,university,court,table,work,tea等。现以动词go+上述词汇为例,说明意义的不同:
go to bed 睡觉去go to the bed走向床边
go to church 做礼拜go to the church去教堂
go to prison 入狱go to the prison去观监狱
go to market 上市买、卖go to the market去市场
go to school 上课,上学go to the school去学校
go to college 上课,上学go to the college 去学院
go to university上课,上学go to the university去大学
go to class上课go to the class去课堂
go to hospital 入院,住院go to the hospital去医院
go to sea 做(当)水手go to the sea去海边
It’s very late; let’s go to bed.
He went to the bed to pick up a book.
They go to church every Sunday morning.
The children did want to stay in the church.
2)在一些固定搭配中,有时加不加定冠词会产生截然不同的含义,有时加不定冠词和加定冠词也会导致意义上的差异。例如:
be of age成年be of an age同岁
in a way稍微in the way挡道
in fashion流行in the fashion随大流
in front of在…前面in the front of在…内的前面
in future从今后in the future将来某一时期
keep house当家,管家务keep the house在家
next year明年the next year第二年
out of question无疑地out of the question不可能
take air(事情)传开take the air到户外(呼吸空气)
take place发生take the place取代
three of us我们中三个人the three of us我们三个人
There is a big tree in front of my house.
There is a big vase in the front of our classroom.
Three of us have to leave here right now.
The three of us must stay together.
零冠词
1.复数名词和不可数名词表示“类”,这是“类”概念最常见的表示法。例如:
Tigers are a dangerous animal.
I don’t like literature.
2.复数和不可数名词表示不确指
There are cars in front of the gate.
I have money with me.
3.表示唯一职务的同位语或主语补语,表示身份、职位或头衔等时,一般要用零冠词⑥。例如:
Mr Smith, dean of the department, went to Australia.
我们的系主任史密斯先生到澳大利亚去了。
He was elected chairman of the committee.
他当选为委员会主席。
He is author of many novels.
注:
⑥如果职务不是唯一的,而是有两个或两个以上,则必
须用不定冠词。例如:
Mr. Smith, a member of our team, went to Suzhou.
名词作主语补语表示身份或职位时,该名词表示一个抽象概念,如在句子“Mr. Johnson is professor of the university”
2