现在分词的用法

现在分词的用法

1. 分词的定义现在分词是由动词+ing 构成的。现在分词具有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可以带自己的宾语或受状语修饰，现在分词和自己的宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。

2. 现在分词的语法作用；现在分词在句中可以作主语、表语、定语、补足语和状语。作主语通常被看作是单数不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Driving fast is very dangerous. Swimming is my favourite sport. Painting is an art. Hearing the bad news made him cry.

2. 现在分词作主语时，常常用it 作形式主语，而把现在分词放到句末。

It is no good/use talking with him It's no good smoking. You should give it up.

It is no good crying over split milk.

It +be+ a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间It +be+ fun doing sth. 做某事很有趣

It +be+ no good/no use/useless doing sth. 做某事没有用It +be+ expensive doing sth. 做某事很昂贵

It +be+ dangerous doing sth. 做某事很危险It +be+ a pleasure doing sth. 做某事是一件愉快的事

eg. It's no use complaining. It's no good smoking a lot.

It's a waste of time doing such a thing.

3. There +be+ no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理There +be+ no point (in) doing sth. 做某事毫无意

There +be+no use in doing sth. 做某事没有用Nothing worse than doing sth. 没有比...更糟糕的

eg. There is no point (in) doing so. 这么做，毫无意义。

4. 前后平行Teaching is learning. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.

二、作表语：

1. 动名词作表语相当于名词，说明主语的内容。主语和表语位置可互换。

My job is teaching English.=Teaching English is my job.

Your task is studying hard. = Studying hard is your task.

2. 现在分词作表语，一般表主动或主语的性质和特征，主语多数情况下是物，一般跟在联系动词be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear 等词后，

eg. His speech is exciting.他的演讲令人兴奋。This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。

The news sounds encouraging. 这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。而作表语用的现在分词，已经完全变成了形容词，常见的现在分词如下：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing, missing, promising 等，这些词可以放在系动词后做表语。作宾语

1. 作动词宾语

①英语中，有相当一部分动词后，只能接-ing 分词作宾语：admit 承认、advise、suggest 建议、escape 逃避、quit 停止做、deny 否认、miss错过、avoid避免做、keep保持、appreciate 感谢、practise 练习、enjoy 、mind 介意、consider 考虑做、risk 冒险做、excuse 原谅、imagine、finish 等。

I enjoy reading newspapers. I enjoy chatting with them.

I suggest you should practise speaking English every morning.

注意：有一类动词后即可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟-ing 分词作宾语。可以把这类动词分为三种类型：1）两种形式意义基本相同。2）两种形式略有差别。3）意义完全不同。

A）两种形式意义基本相同的动词有：attempt, begin, cease（停止）, continue, intend, start.

如：She started to cry/crying. He continued to work/working. What do you intend to do/doing next 你打算接下来做什么

B）两种形式意义略有差别的动词主

要有

：hate, like, dislike, love, prefer 等。

如：I like playing basketball. I hate to trouble you.

I prefer to go for a walk. I prefer singing songs.

C）后跟不定式和-ing 分词时，意义完全不同的动词有：remember, forget, regret., try, mean, chance（碰

巧）,cannot

help...等。它们后面跟不定式表示动作还未发生，而跟现在分词表示动作已经发生。

remember doing sth 记得做了某事remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事

forget doing sth 忘记做了某事forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事

mean doing sth 意味着/ 意思是mean to do 打算/ 意欲做某事

regret doing sth 后悔做了某事regret to do sth. 遗憾的要去做某事

chance doing 冒险做某事/ 碰运气试着做某事chance to do 碰巧做某事

stop doing sth 停止做某事stop to do sth 停下来做另一件事

go on doing sth 继续做同一件事go on to do sth 继续做另一件事

try doing sth 试着做某事try to do sth 努力/ 试图做某事

cannot help doing sth 禁不住做某事cannot help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事

I regret to do this thing. I regret doing such a thing.

I mean to buy a house. Fighting means killing.

He chanced to meet his old friend in the street. He chanced taking part in that race.

I cannot help to do homework for you. I cannot help laughing.

②下列动词可接v-ing 形式的主动形式表被动意义（相当于不定式的被动形式） need/want/require/deserve doing=need/want/require/deserve to be done

Your shirt needs washing. Your suggestion deserves considering.

I found it no use talking with him. We think it good forbidding smoking in public places. 作介词宾语能用-ing 分词作介词宾语的短语：listen to, be interested in, pay attention to, look forward to, turn to, be afraid of, dream of, insist on, stick to, object to, be good at, lead to, feel like, devote to, get used to, give up, be/get accustomed to 等。

I've been looking forward to hearing from you.

3. 作形容词宾语

be busy+（in） doing sth be worth doing sth

I am busy in doing my homework. The book is worth reading.

go hiking go hunting go fishing go running go jogging go ridding

骑马go sailing 航行go shopping 购物go sightseeing 观光go skating 滑冰

go swimming go walking 散步go window shopping 逛街

如：We went boating yesterday.

四、作定语：现在分词做定语，表示中心词是该动词的动作发出者，此时的现在分词充当形容词的作用，用来修饰中心词。

单个分词作定语时放在中心词前面。

① 说明所修饰名词的用途及有关动作swimming pool 游泳池waiting room 候车室walking stick 拐杖dinning room 餐厅

washing machine 洗衣机drinking water 饮用水reading room 阅览室

② 表示所修饰的名词进行的动作或状态，它和所修是名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句. a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping

eg. We see the rising sun every morning. 每天早晨我们都可以看到东升的旭日。