学术英语写作课件-Academic-writing
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4. 避免使用一长串形容词或名语为修饰名词，可将 这些词分成几个前置短语，用连字符连接，作为 单位形容词（一个形容词）； E.g. he asked with a father-knows-best tone
Page 12
5. 不使用俚词外语表达概念，慎用行话和俗语，应 用标准英语；
6. 对那些已经为大众所熟悉的缩写词，可以直接使 用，对于那些仅为同行所熟悉缩略语，应在题目 、文摘或关键词中至少出现一次全称。
Page 8
Four basic units of an abstract
Objectives of the research paper(论文所研究 的具体对象 ) Methodology you used in the research(运用的 具体方法 ) The findings from the research(得出的具体结 果) Conclusions induced from the finding or experiments(结果进行剖析而得出的具有创新性 的结论 )
Page 21
The article presents a critical survey of the state of the art of contemporary Chinese translation studies by questioning Yan Fu’s famous principle regarding literary translation. It offers a new paradigm in regard to translation from English into Chinese and vice verse, namely that, to an author, there is no such thing as absolute equivalence in the context of Chinese-English or English-Chinese translation for the simple reason that Chinese and English belong to two entirely different cultural traditions. However, through careful comparative studies, relative equivalent can be achieved.
Task Discuss with your partner and translate the
following abstract
Page 20
本文首先从严复的著名翻译三原则出发，对当今的中国翻 译研究现状做出批评性描述，然后就中英互译中的一些问 题做出新的范式。作者认为，由于中英两种语言属于不同 的文化传统，因而不存在决对的对应，但是通过认真的比 较研究，相对的对应仍可获得。
… first raised the problem which was later partly solved by … . We now solve this problem in the case of …
Page 18
In the second part of an abstract (1) It is found that The author concludes that +S+V… The paper concludes (2) It is seen from Fig.4 that … the results are given in Fig.4 …
Do not commence with "this paper…”, "this report…" or similar. It is better to write about the research than about the paper.
Avoid sentences that end in "…is described", "…is reported", "…is analyzed" or similar.
and DBiblioteka Baiduscussion
Page 3
Preparing for a Research Paper
Choosing a Topic Preparing the References Analyzing the Data Making the Outline
Page 4
The Structure of a Research Paper
Page 22
汇报结束
谢谢大家! 请各位批评指正
Page 6
Requirements
Format Language expression Avoidance of Plagiarism
Page 7
Abstract
The types of Abstract Informative Indicative
Samples on P.238 Samples on P.240
Page 13
Suggestions on writing abstracts
Make your abstracts informative, not descriptive. That is, make your abstracts short summaries of your paper, including especially any conclusions you may have drawn or recommendations you may have made. A good informative abstract may state the problem you are examining or the procedure you have carried out, your purpose in doing it, your results, and your conclusions or recommendations. Most abstracts are limited to one paragraph and must therefore be constructed with care.
In the last part of an abstract (1) It is suggested It is recommended + that +S+V …
(2) The results suggest/show that … It is recommended that …
Page 19
Page 16
Useful expressions
In the first part of an abstract (1) the author tells about the writer describes the paper explores looks at refers to (2) the purpose of this paper is to V( presents, ) an investigation was designed to V( prove, generalize ) the concept of … is used to determine … (3) the paper deals with ……
Page 9
以上述四要素为依托，找出每部分专指度高的主 题概念词，然后正确地组织好这些反映主题内容 的主题概念词，用逻辑性强的关联词将其贯穿起 来，就构成一篇完整的摘要，再以表现论文的主 题内容为主旨，以主题词为工具，经过耐心地推 敲、简化，力求使摘要简明扼要，逻辑性强，结 构完整。
uses one or more well developed paragraphs: these are unified, coherent, concise, and able to stand alone.
the third person should be used in writing an abstract. Avoid using “first person” like “I studied…” “we think that…” “I / we concluded…”
Page 15
you need to watch on “don’ts ”
Title Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgement References
Page 5
Characteristics of Academic Writing
Creativity Scientificity Standardization
学术英语写作课件-Academic-writing
Research Paper Research Report Dissertation / Thesis
Page 2
General Format: IMRAD Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results
Page 14
An abstract consists of 3 parts: purpose, result/conclusion, and recommendation.
The present tense, past tense and the present perfect tense are often used in an abstract;
Page 10
英文摘要的写法除了具有中、英文摘要的共性外，还有自 己独特的个性，一般应符合以下几点要求： 1. 尽量用简、短的句子，避免句形单调，组织好句子，使动 词尽量靠近主语，尽量用简短、词义清楚并为人熟知的词 ； E.g. the paper explores…… 2. 用过去时态叙述作者所做的工作，用现在时态叙述作者得 出的结果、结论，尽量用主动语态代替被动语态；（不出 现人称主语，客观事实作主语表态时，要用被动） I induced three findings (×) / the experiment induced three findings(×) Three findings are induced from the experiment
Page 11
3. 可用动词的情况下尽量避免用动词的名词形式； E.g. the findings of these investigations suggests (make a suggestion ) transient adaptation refers to the rapid …(is the reference to the )
Page 17
2．如果需要简略回顾历史，然后再说明自己文章的 内容，则可参考采用下面的句子：
The problem…was first treated by…and later…improved by…. The purpose of this paper is to prove that it holds in a more general case.
Page 12
5. 不使用俚词外语表达概念，慎用行话和俗语，应 用标准英语；
6. 对那些已经为大众所熟悉的缩写词，可以直接使 用，对于那些仅为同行所熟悉缩略语，应在题目 、文摘或关键词中至少出现一次全称。
Page 8
Four basic units of an abstract
Objectives of the research paper(论文所研究 的具体对象 ) Methodology you used in the research(运用的 具体方法 ) The findings from the research(得出的具体结 果) Conclusions induced from the finding or experiments(结果进行剖析而得出的具有创新性 的结论 )
Page 21
The article presents a critical survey of the state of the art of contemporary Chinese translation studies by questioning Yan Fu’s famous principle regarding literary translation. It offers a new paradigm in regard to translation from English into Chinese and vice verse, namely that, to an author, there is no such thing as absolute equivalence in the context of Chinese-English or English-Chinese translation for the simple reason that Chinese and English belong to two entirely different cultural traditions. However, through careful comparative studies, relative equivalent can be achieved.
Task Discuss with your partner and translate the
following abstract
Page 20
本文首先从严复的著名翻译三原则出发，对当今的中国翻 译研究现状做出批评性描述，然后就中英互译中的一些问 题做出新的范式。作者认为，由于中英两种语言属于不同 的文化传统，因而不存在决对的对应，但是通过认真的比 较研究，相对的对应仍可获得。
… first raised the problem which was later partly solved by … . We now solve this problem in the case of …
Page 18
In the second part of an abstract (1) It is found that The author concludes that +S+V… The paper concludes (2) It is seen from Fig.4 that … the results are given in Fig.4 …
Do not commence with "this paper…”, "this report…" or similar. It is better to write about the research than about the paper.
Avoid sentences that end in "…is described", "…is reported", "…is analyzed" or similar.
and DBiblioteka Baiduscussion
Page 3
Preparing for a Research Paper
Choosing a Topic Preparing the References Analyzing the Data Making the Outline
Page 4
The Structure of a Research Paper
Page 22
汇报结束
谢谢大家! 请各位批评指正
Page 6
Requirements
Format Language expression Avoidance of Plagiarism
Page 7
Abstract
The types of Abstract Informative Indicative
Samples on P.238 Samples on P.240
Page 13
Suggestions on writing abstracts
Make your abstracts informative, not descriptive. That is, make your abstracts short summaries of your paper, including especially any conclusions you may have drawn or recommendations you may have made. A good informative abstract may state the problem you are examining or the procedure you have carried out, your purpose in doing it, your results, and your conclusions or recommendations. Most abstracts are limited to one paragraph and must therefore be constructed with care.
In the last part of an abstract (1) It is suggested It is recommended + that +S+V …
(2) The results suggest/show that … It is recommended that …
Page 19
Page 16
Useful expressions
In the first part of an abstract (1) the author tells about the writer describes the paper explores looks at refers to (2) the purpose of this paper is to V( presents, ) an investigation was designed to V( prove, generalize ) the concept of … is used to determine … (3) the paper deals with ……
Page 9
以上述四要素为依托，找出每部分专指度高的主 题概念词，然后正确地组织好这些反映主题内容 的主题概念词，用逻辑性强的关联词将其贯穿起 来，就构成一篇完整的摘要，再以表现论文的主 题内容为主旨，以主题词为工具，经过耐心地推 敲、简化，力求使摘要简明扼要，逻辑性强，结 构完整。
uses one or more well developed paragraphs: these are unified, coherent, concise, and able to stand alone.
the third person should be used in writing an abstract. Avoid using “first person” like “I studied…” “we think that…” “I / we concluded…”
Page 15
you need to watch on “don’ts ”
Title Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgement References
Page 5
Characteristics of Academic Writing
Creativity Scientificity Standardization
学术英语写作课件-Academic-writing
Research Paper Research Report Dissertation / Thesis
Page 2
General Format: IMRAD Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results
Page 14
An abstract consists of 3 parts: purpose, result/conclusion, and recommendation.
The present tense, past tense and the present perfect tense are often used in an abstract;
Page 10
英文摘要的写法除了具有中、英文摘要的共性外，还有自 己独特的个性，一般应符合以下几点要求： 1. 尽量用简、短的句子，避免句形单调，组织好句子，使动 词尽量靠近主语，尽量用简短、词义清楚并为人熟知的词 ； E.g. the paper explores…… 2. 用过去时态叙述作者所做的工作，用现在时态叙述作者得 出的结果、结论，尽量用主动语态代替被动语态；（不出 现人称主语，客观事实作主语表态时，要用被动） I induced three findings (×) / the experiment induced three findings(×) Three findings are induced from the experiment
Page 11
3. 可用动词的情况下尽量避免用动词的名词形式； E.g. the findings of these investigations suggests (make a suggestion ) transient adaptation refers to the rapid …(is the reference to the )
Page 17
2．如果需要简略回顾历史，然后再说明自己文章的 内容，则可参考采用下面的句子：
The problem…was first treated by…and later…improved by…. The purpose of this paper is to prove that it holds in a more general case.