初中定语从句总结用法大全

定语从句

走进中考

定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词，不能正确使用关系代词和关系副词，不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法。中考对于定语从句的掌握要求如下：

1.掌握关系代词的用法，特别是that，which，who，whom，

whose作主语、表语和定语的用法。

2.掌握关系副词when，where，why引导定语从句的用法；

3.掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是介词的选取和使用；

4.掌握关系代词that和which的用法的异同；

5.掌握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时，关系代词和关系副

词的选择问题。

思维导图

1. 定语从句的概念和位置

在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词从句。（在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句）。 e.g.: Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage?

This is the museum which was built last year.

2. 先行词和关系代词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）；

e.g.: The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.

先行词 关系代词（在从句中做主语）

The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.

先行词 关系代词（做主语）

Let’s find a place where we can have a picnic.

先行词 关系副词（地点状语）

定语从句的构成：

He has a car. + The car has 7 seats.

== He has a car

and it has 7 seats. == He has a car which has 7 seats.

The hotel is very clean. + We stayed here.

== The hotel where we stayed was very clean.

We met a man. + The man directed us to the factory.

=>We met a man and he directed us to the factory.

=>We met a man who directed us to the factory.

关系代词=连接词+代词

3.关系代词引导的定语从句

出题点：A 指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法；

B 指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法。

关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用，在句子中充当一定的成分，修饰前面的先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，主要用法如下表格：

先行词主语宾语所有格

人Who/that Whom/that Whose

事物、动词Which/that Which/that Whose

that that

人+动物

人+事物

关系代词与普通代词的区别：

普通代词只起替代作用。

关系代词替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，同时把先行词与定语从句联系在一起，起连词的作用。

i.That引导的定语从句

That 可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作宾

语时可以省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提到前

面，指物用which指人用whom

e.g.: Views that are entirely new may also be hard to accept.

We need a person that is right for the job.

The picture (that) we are studying was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.

ii.Which引导的定语从句

Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾语的关系代词which

可以省略（放介词后除外）：

e.g.: The river which runs through the center of the city was polluted

seriously.

The story (which) he told was very popular.

The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.

iii.Who，whom引导的定语从句

二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定语从句中

作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略（介词后作宾语的关系

代词除外）

e.g.: ---We are proud of Mo Yan.

---Yes. He is a great writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012.

e.g.: Her sister married a man (who/whom) she met on a plane.

注意：先行词为one, ones, anyone 或those 时，定语从句中的关系代词用who

e.g.: God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。