20XX考研英语语法：独立主格结构.doc

2019考研英语语法：独立主格结构

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2019考研英语语法：独立主格结构

独立主格结构

独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。

独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语，分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语，有时还有其他修饰成分。(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是否有谓语动词。)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用，主要用于书面语。使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词，非谓语动词改为谓语动词形式，这样就成为从句了。

例如:

Today

being

Sunday,

the

library

isn'

t

open.今天星期天，图书馆不开放。

(原因)改为从句:

As

(Since)

today

is

Sunday,

the

library

isn'

t

open.

例如:

There

being

no

buses，we

had

to

take

a

taxi.

没有汽车了，我们只好坐出租车了。

Because

there

were

no

buses,

we

had

to

take

a

taxi.

The

signal

given，the

bus

started.信号发出后，公共汽车就启动了。

(时间)改为从句:

After

the

signal

was

given,

the

bus

The

boy

followed

that

man

here，and

climbed

in，sword

in

hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。

The

boy

followed

that

man

here，and

in，and had

a

sword

in

his hand.

The mid-term examination is

over,

the

end-of-term examination to

two

months

later.期中考试结束了，两个月之后进行期末考试.

The

mid-term

examination

is

over,

and

the

end-of-term

examination

is

to

come

two

later.

Weather

permitting,

we'

11

visit

the

Great

Wall.如果天气允许的话，我们就去参观长城。

If

weather

permits,

we'

11

visit

the

Wall.

The

boy

followed

that

man

here,

and

climbed

in,

sword

in

hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。(伴随状语)

上文例句中sword

in

hand是由“名词+介词短语”构成，表示伴随的情况。这种表

示伴随情的独立主格结构，有时可以用with

引出，二者的意思是一样的，with结构更加口语话，更加常用。

She

left

the

office

with

tears

in

her

eyes.她眼里含着泪水，离开了办公室。

The

teacher

walked

into

the

classroom,

with

a

ruler

under

his

arm

and

some

books

in

his

hand.老师胳膊底下挟着一把尺子，手里拿着几本书，走进了教室。

The

teacher

walked

into

the

classroom.

He

was

holding

a

ruler

under

his

arm

and

some

books

in

his

hand.

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