九年级英语被动语态专练试题

九年级被动语态专练

班别姓名

学习目标：掌握各种时态的被动语态的结构

能够正确的把主动语态变为被动语态

掌握被动语态的各种特殊用法

重难点：被动语态的几种特殊用法

一、语态概述

英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执

行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by 短语表示出来.

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。

例如：Many people speak English.（谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people 来执行的。）

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。

例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以do 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。

公式为：be（有时态的变化）+动词的过去分词

1. 一般现在时：am (is, are) done.（every day, usually, often …）

2. 一般过去时：was (were) done (yesterday, last night/week/month/year,in1885…)

3. 一般将来时：will (shall) be done ( next week/month/year, in the future…)

* 4. 现在进行时：am (is, are) being done ( now, these days, Look! Listen! …)

* 5. 现在完成时：have (has) been done （since+clause/ the past time, for + some time , so far, these days…）

6. 带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done

7 不定式的被动结构to+ be+动词的过去分词

三、被动语态的用法(歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要

动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。)

1 不知动作执行者时,常用被动语态. eg. This car is made in America.

2. 不必要说出动作执行者时,常用. eg. Rome was not built in a day.

3. 为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态.

eg. English is spoken in many countries .

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如：All the people laughed at him.---- He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory.

-----The bikes are made by them in the factory.

歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”，（情态动词）原来带to要保留。

例如：

1 We can repair this watch in two days.

→This watch can be repaired in two days.

2 You ought to take it away.→It ought to be taken away.

3 They should do it at once.→It should be done at once.

六、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。

1．主语+ 连系动词+ 表语(S+V+P)

此结构不可用被动语态。

(正) The flowers smell sweet.

(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.

2．主语+ 不及物动词(S+V)

此结构不可变被动语态。

(正) An accident happened last night.

(误) An accident was happened last night.

3．主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语(S + V+ O)

（1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语

Children often sing this song

This song is often sung by children.

（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。We should listen to the teachers carefully.

The teachers should be listened to carefully.

4．主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语(S + V+ IO+ DO)

（1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。

He showed us a picture .

We were shown a picture.

（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.

常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等

常用加for的动词buy, get, make, sing, draw 等

A picture was shown to us.

A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.

5．主语+及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语(S+ V+ O + C)

如动词为make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to” 。

I saw him fall off the tree.

He was seen to fall off the tree.

6. "be + 过去分词" 并非都是被动语态，系动词be, feel, seem, look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。