逆向物流简介中英文

Introduction to Reverse Logistics
逆向物流简介
Today green image has been increasingly recognized as an important component of marketing , also take appropriate recovery methods (such as re- use or re-manufacturing ) often will bring new opportunities to profit . Loss With the rapid development of electronic commerce and online retailers and mail company's rise , the company is widely adopted due to the free returns policy has brought a lot of returns and commitment is also growing . 1999 survey by the American Reverse Logistics Committee that the United States invested enterprises reverse logistics cost more than 37 billion U.S. dollars ( for the collection, transportation and processing of recyclables ) , which is equivalent to 4% of the total U.S. logistics costs , 0.5% GDP 's . Returns as a part of the reverse logistics , accounting for 6% of sales on average . Studies have shown that consumers will reduce the returns of 4.3% in retail profits, reduce the profit margin of 3.8% of production . So , General Motors , Sears , Johnson & Johnson , IBM, 3M and many other well-known companies have introduced reverse logistics information management system ; Xerox, Canon introduced recycling in the past decade copier remanufacturing , recycling Kodak disposable camera treatment .
Therefore, the pressure and drive economic benefits from environmental laws and regulations , making a reverse of the traditional supply chain and logistics management, reverse logistics has become an important issue that business managers and academic researchers in the field of concern .
At present, the theory of reverse logistics concepts expressed there are many, more professional and accurate overview of its features are defined : the traditional reverse supply chain for value recovery or disposal reasonable and raw materials, intermediate inventory, final products and related information from of consumption to plan effectively carried out the actual flow starting point , management and control process.
Visible, reverse logistics performance are diverse, from the packaging to the use of the treated over computer equipment , never to return goods sold machine parts and so on. In other words , reverse logistics includes mobile products and their packaging materials, spare parts , materials and other supplies from the hands of customers . In
short , reverse logistics is recovered from the hands of customers used , outdated or damaged products and packaging beginning until the final processing stage process. But now more and more widely accepted view is that reverse logistics is a complete , effective and efficient use of the process of coordinating the entire product life cycle of products and materials . However, reverse logistics for product reuse and recycling of controlled studies over the past decade but it is only beginning to be cognitive and expanded . Among the more well-known treatise is the canopy Ranco Rogers and mention " recycling logistics trends and practices ," Fo Leipu the " logistics planning and product recycling" and so on.
现今绿色形象已被越来越多地认可为重要的市场营销成分，同样采取适当的恢复方式（如再使用或再制造）经常会给公司带来获利的新机遇。

随着电子商务的快速发展以及在线零售商和邮寄公司的兴起，公司为由于广泛采用的自由退货政策带来的大量退货而承担的损失也越来越大。

1999年美国逆向物流委员会的调查表明，美国各企业投入逆向物流的成本超过370亿美元（用于收集、运输和处理回收品），这相当于美国总物流成本的4%，GDP 的0.5%。

退货作为逆向物流的一个部分，平均占到销售量的6%。

有研究表明，消费者的退货会降低4.3%的零售商利润，降低3.8%的生产商利润。

于是，通用汽车、西尔斯、强生、IBM、3M等众多知名公司相继引入逆向物流的信息管理系统；施乐、佳能在近十年里开始对复印机实行回收再制造，柯达对一次性相机进行回收处理。

因此，来自环境法律法规的压力和经济利益的驱动，使得一种与传统供应链反向的物流管理，即逆向物流成为企业管理者和相关学术领域研究者关注的重要问题。

目前，理论界对逆向物流概念表述也有很多，较专业、准确地概括其特点的定义是：与传统供应链反向，为价值恢复或处置合理而对原材料、中间库存、最终产品及相关信息从消费地到起始点的有效实际流动所进行的计划、管理和控制过程。

可见，逆向物流的表现是多样化的，从使用过的包装到经处理过的电脑设备，从未售商品的退货到机械零件等等。

也就是说，逆向物流包含来自于客户手中的产品及其包装品、零部件、物料等物资的流动。

简而言之，逆向物流就是从客户手中回收用过的、过时的或者损坏的产品和包装开始，直至最终处理环节的过程。

但是现在越来越被普遍接受的观点是，逆向物流是在整个产品生命周期中对产品和物资的完整的、有效的和高效的利用过程的协调。

然而对产品再使用和循环的逆向物流控制研究却是过去的十年里才开始被认知和展开的。

其中较知名的论著是罗杰斯和提篷兰柯的《回收物流趋势和实践》，佛雷普的《物流计划和产品再造》等。