新概念英语 第二册 第25课

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新概念英语第二册第25课部分单词的注释
railway n. 铁路 railroad,铁路(美语)
railway/railroad station:火车站。

several quantifier 几个
与some(一些)有些相似。

some既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词;several只能修饰可数名词。

several = a number of(一些,几个)。

a great number of:大量的。

several times:许多次;
some time:一段时间,例如some time ago,一段时间以前;
sometime:某时,例如I will defeat you sometime. 我总有一天击败你。

sometimes:有时,偶尔;
some times:相当于several times。

wonder v. 感到奇怪wonder n. 奇观。

seven wonders 七大奇迹,It's a wonder. 这是个奇观。

wonderful adj. 极好的。

wonder at sth. 对……感到奇怪。

例如I wonder at this. 我对此感到奇怪。

wonder:want to know,想要知道。

wonder后面可以跟if引导的宾语从句,也可以跟特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,相当于间接引语。

I wonder if you have any spare time. 我想知道你是否有空。

I wonder what time it is. 我想知道现在几点。

所有的从句都用陈述句的语序:主语在动词前面。

I wonder why you are late. 我想知道你为什么迟到。

I wondered where he went. 我想知道他去了哪里。

I wonder how many friends you have. 我想知道你有多少朋友。

no wonder:难怪。

部分课文的注释
Do the English speak English? (标题)英国人讲的是英语吗?
English在这里均为名词,但意义不同。

第一个指“英国人”,为总称,后面的动词必须用复数;第二个指“英语”。

指语言时前面不加冠词,指人则要加the:
The English often talk about the weather. 英国人经常谈论天气。

Do you speak English? 你讲英语吗?
English还可以作形容词,表示“英格兰的”、“英国的”、“英国人的”等:
This is an English car. 这是辆英国车。

与English相似的单词有French、Chinese、Japanese等:
I said good morning to him in French. 我用法语向他问早上好。

I arrived in London at last. 我终于到了伦敦。

(1)这里London前面不加冠词。

(2)arrive in:到达,介词in暗指London是个大地方,介词at就表示小地方。

reach、get也有到达的意思。

reach是及物动词,后面一定要加宾语,如:When will you reach Beijing? 你什么时候抵达北京?get 解释“到达”时是不及物动词,宾语前要加介词to,如:When will you get to Beijing? 你什么时候抵达北京?get home(到家)、get there(到那里)不加to,因为home、there都是副词,副词跟动词连用的时候不需要加介词。

(3)at last为固定短语,表示“终于”,一般暗指经过一番等待、麻烦(苦恼)或努力之后,如:
It was my turn at last. 终于轮到我了。

I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. 我把问话重复了很多遍。

他终于听懂了。

I did not know the way to my hotel… 我不知道去饭店的路该怎么走……
the way to my hotel,去(我住的那家)饭店的路。

my hotel不是指属于我的饭店(或旅馆),而是指我已订了房间或者要去住的饭店。

I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. 我的英语讲得不但非常认真,而且咬字也非常清楚。

not only… but… as well这组连接词与not only… but also是同样的意思,都表示“不但……而且……”,not only与but后面的成分必须对等。

课文中的这句话可以改为:
I spoke English not only very carefully, but very clearly as well.(意义不变)
还比如:
Mary not only found her aunt, but stayed with her for two weeks as well. 玛丽不仅找到了她姑妈,而且还在她那里住了两星期。

(连接整个谓语)
as well这个短语本身的含义是“也”、“又”、“还”,如:
If you go home tomorrow, I'll go as well. 如果你明天回家,我也回。

He lent me his pen, and his dictionary as well. 他把钢笔借给了我,还有字典。

… he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. ……他讲得既不慢也不清楚。

否定连词neither… nor…(既不……也不……)连接的成分必须对等:
Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to New York. 老板和他的秘书都没有飞往纽约。

(连接两个主语)I met neither Jane nor her husband. 简和她的丈夫我都没见到。

(连接两个宾语)
My teacher never spoke English like that! 我的老师从来不那样讲英语!
like that,像那样,like在这里是介词,表示“像”、“像……一样”,介词短语作状语,修饰动词spoke,如:He speaks like a foreigner. 他说话像外国人。

书信写作
St.是Street(街)的缩略;逗号在地址里表示前者属于后者,如:I am in Class One, Grade One. 我在一年级一班;在日期里,月和日之间不需要逗号,但在年之前要有逗号;日期是以序数词出现的,月份一定要是英语字母。

关键句型
并列句的语序
在第1课的语法中,我们学习了简单陈述句的语序,它一般为:主语+动词+宾语(可有可无)+状语(可有可无,分为方式、地点和时间状语,位置相对比较灵活)。

通过并列连词可以把几个简单句连接起来构成一个并列句。

在并列句中,各分句要根据上下文的要求按逻辑次序排列,但各分句都同等重要并独立存在。

我们常常把并列句中的各分句看成是并列主句。

常用的并列连词有:and、and then、but、so、yet、or、both… and、either… or、neither… nor、not only… but also/but… as well等。

这些并列连词可以用来表示另加(and)、对比(but、yet)、选择(or)、连续(and then)以及结局或结果(so)。

并列句基本上保留了简单句的词序,如:
You can wait here and I will get the car. 你可以在这儿等着,我去找车。

You主语,can wait动词,here状语,and连词,I主语,will get动词,the car宾语。

and前面一般不加逗号,但其他连词前则一般要加逗号:
Jim speaks Spanish, but his wife speaks French. 吉姆讲西班牙语,而他妻子却讲法语。

I've got a cold, so I'm going to bed. 我得了感冒,所以我要去睡觉。

当并列连词连接的成分相同时,通常不再重复:
He either speaks French or understands it. 他或是会讲法语,或是懂法语。

(主语相同,省略)
Either you or I can eat the apple. 这个苹果或者是你吃,或者是我吃。

(谓语相同,省略)
Both Mary and Jane understand English. 玛丽和简都懂英语。

当either… or和neither… nor连接主语时,谓语动词与后一个主语保持一致:
Neither Liz nor I teach mathematics. 莉兹和我都不教数学。

(第二个主语为I,所以teach后不加-es)
书面练习参考答案
摘要写作
I arrived at a railway station in London and asked a porter the way to my hotel, but he could not understand me. He understood me at last, but I could not understand his answer. My teacher never spoke English like that. The porter said that I would soon learn English. Each person speaks a different language in England. They understand each other, but I do not understand them. (69 words)
书信写作
28 Qinhuaihe Rd.,
Nanjing,
Jiangsu,
China.
4th November, 2008
关键句型
A
I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me. I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. ‘I am a foreigner,’ I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not unders tand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. ‘You'll soon learn English!’ he said. I wonder. In England, each person speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them! Do they speak English?
B
1. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter.
2. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.
3. I repeated my question several times and at last he understood.
4. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly.
5. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him.
6. Then he said something, and I understood it.
7. The English understand each other, but I don't understand them.
C
1. I knocked at the door, but he did not open it.
2. Both he and I went on holiday.
3. He must be either mad or very wise.
作文
1. Both my sister and I went shopping.
2. We not only got very tired but very hungry as well.
3. It was three o'clock, and we could not get lunch, so we had a cup of tea.
句子结构
I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter.
多项选择题讲解
1. 选(c)。

(a)The writer didn't know any English、(b)The porter didn't speak English都与课文实际内容不符;(d)The writer was a foreigner虽然是课文涉及的内容,但不是作者不能听懂搬运工人讲话的真正原因,因为作者也懂英语;只有(c)The writer couldn't understand the porter's English最符合课文的实际情况,是正确答案。

2. 选(b)。

根据课文第7~8行My teacher never spoke English like that! 只有(b)expected everyone in England to speak like his teacher最能说出作者的真实想法;(a)didn't think the porter was English与事实不符,课文中没有这样的暗示;(c)doesn't think the English speak English并不是作者的真实想法;(d)think that the English speak many different languages虽然是作者说的,但这是作者夸张的说法。

3. 选(b)。

只有选(b)is最符合语法;(a)are不符合语法,因为English作“英语”讲的时候是单数名词,不能跟复数的连系动词are;(c)也不符合语法,因为陈述一种语言的性质应该用一般现在时;(d)has(有)更不符合语法,因为has不能作连系动词。

4. 选(a)。

这个疑问句的回答是several times(几次),是针对“次数”提问的,只有(a)How many times(多少次)是问次数的;而(b)How many、(c)How much、(d)How都不是对次数提问的。

5. 选(b)。

(a)neither(两者都不)、(d)nor(也不)都不能用于带否定词not的否定句中,但neither和nor可以连用,表示“既不……也不……”,这两个选项都是不对的;(c)too(也)只能用于肯定句中,也不对;只有(b)either可以用于否定句中表示“也不”,所以选(b)是正确的。

6. 选(c)。

本句中的both是“两个人”的意思,因此不能选(a)I和(b)He,因为它们是单数人称代词;(d)They可以是两个人,但同前面句子中的人称不一致;只有(c)We(我们)最符合语法和人称。

7. 选(d)。

本句需要选一个关系代词作定语从句中的宾语。

(a)who只能作定语从句中的主语(指人);(b)whose只能作定语从句中的定语;(c)whom只能作定语从句中的宾语,指人而不能指物;而本句需要的是指物的关系代词,只有(d)which可以作定语从句中的宾语,指物。

8. 选(b)。

本句需要选一个与前一句中的several(几个)意思相近的词。

(a)much(许多)不是several的近义词,也不能修饰可数名词;(c)only a few(只有少数)同several的意思不够接近;(d)three(三个)太绝对化了,因为several不一定就是三个;只有(b)a number of(一些,几个)同several意思相近,且修饰可数名词,所以(b)是正确答案。

9. 选(a)。

该句需要选出同前一句中的At last(最终)意思相同的短语。

只有(a)in the end(最终)同at last意思相同;而(b)at least(至少)、(c)lastly(最后地)意思不对;(d)at the finish没有这样的表达方式。

10. 选(a)。

只有选(a)a foreigner(外国人)才能同前句的I come from abroad(我来自国外)的意思相吻合。

(b)stranger (陌生的,奇怪的)不符合题义;(c)overseas(国外的,海外的)是形容词,但不如a foreigner意思准确;(d)abroad(出国,在国外)是副词,I am abroad(我正在国外)与前一句意思不符。

11. 选(d)。

只有选(d)taught(教)最符合teacher的行为,是正确的。

(a)learnt(学习)、(b)trained(培训)、(c)instructed(指导)这三个选项都不确切。

12. 选(a)。

只有(a)am not sure(不确信)同前面的wonder(感到奇怪)的意思比较接近。

(b)am sure(肯定,确信)、(c)wander(漫游)、(d)know(知道,懂)这三个词的意思都相差比较大。

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