students语法填空解题步骤

语法填空解题方法
解题步骤：
1.通读全文, 了解大意
既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法, 那么, 我们在解题前要快速浏览短文, 以了解全文大意。

这一步非常重要。

2.试填空格,先易后难
读懂短文之后,要结合短文所提供的特定的语境(也就是上下文),
①从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词在句中作何种句子成分，从而
推出断他的词性,如缺主语或宾语,所填词应为代词;
②根据句子意义的完整性,去确定填一个表示什么意义的代词、冠词或介词等;
③根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填哪个关联词。

在解题过程中,要先易后难。

3.重读全文, 解决难题
在大部分空格填好后，再仔细推敲难题。

此时难题也就不再难了。

所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾再复读一遍进行核查。

解题思路大全
解答语法填空的基本功是懂得句子的结构分析, 准确理解句子意思, 善于把握上下句之间的逻辑关系。

以下按命题形式和考点类型的不同探讨解题思路和解题技巧。

纯空格题的解题技巧
是指“在空格处填入一个适当的词”这类题,五年来,这类题只考代词、冠词、关联词和介词。

那么什么情况下填代词?何时填冠词？何时填关联词? 何时填介词呢？
方法探究1
边做边悟：请做下面一组题,每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的,并将解
题的思维过程写出来。

在做完这一组题后,总结一下这类题的解题方法。

1.(2011)Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes__________ walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed.
2.(2011)I rose from my seat I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.
I’m glad I made a choice.It made_______of us feel good.
3.(2010)He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ________?”
4.(2009)... although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please__________.
3.(2009) Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how
difficult________was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
6.(2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about __day and night.
7.(2007)I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused__ .
归纳总结：
当句子缺主语或宾语时,填_________。

因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词,而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的,所以只要句子缺主语或宾语,你就填代词。

此时,要根据前后语境,看该空格是指人还是事物,指男还是指女,是单数还是复数。

除人称代词外,也有可能是填_________等。

还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it,替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。

方法探究2
边做边悟：请做下面一组题, 每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的, 并将解题的思维过程写出来。

在做完这一组题后, 总结一下这类题的解题方法。

1.(2011)I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had__ amazing conversation.
2.(2010)Ａyoung man,while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. ____water was sweet.
3.(2010)The young man went home with a happy heart.
2.(2009) Besides,shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet
2.(2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960 — 1279) was very anxious to help ___rice crop grow up quickly.
3.(2007)the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to __ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.
2.(2007) I had noticed three hens running free in my hostess’s courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. ___________ villagers brought me goat’s cheese and honey.
总结归纳：
在作主语、宾语或表语的名词或“形容词+名词”前,填限定词。

限定词是指冠词、形容词性物主代词,或可以作定语的不定代词等。

此时,要根据
句子的意思来确定空格的语境意义,由此来判断具体填什么词。

如表示特指,大体
相当于“这、这些、那、那些”时用定冠词the;表示“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a 或an;表示“某人的”,用物主代词;表示“一些”用some,表示“另一个”用another,表示“其他的”用other 等。

方法探究3
边做边悟: 请做下面一组题, 每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的, 并将
解题的思维过程写出来。

在做完这一组题后, 总结一下这类题的解题方法。

1.(2011)I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him
________his own either.
2.(2010)His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home _____a happy heart.
3.(2009)She found some good quality pipes_______ sale.
4.(2009)When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _______table having supper.
3.(2008)Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. ________ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.
2.(2008)He was very tired _________ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy.
4.(2007)I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me __ a guest in their house.
5.(2007)When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman__ the trouble I had caused her.
归纳总结:
当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语,也不是作动词的___语时,填
___词。

因为名词和代词最典型的用法是作主语或宾语,既然不作主语和动词的宾语,就应是作介词的宾语了,所以要填介词。

具体填什么介词,由介词与该___词的
搭配及其意义(如上述题1～5)来决定,也可能是由___词或谓语与介词的句式搭
配(如上述6～8 题)来决定。

方法探究4
1.(2011)My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ____ the bus arrived.
2.(2011)Behind him were other people to _____ he was trying to talk, ...
3.(2010)He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder
____ had been his teacher.
4.(2010)We understand this lesson best____ we receive gifts of love from children.
5.(2009)Jane paused in front of a counter_____some attractive ties were on display.
6.(2008)One day, he came up with an idea ____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.
4.(2008) He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___ he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”higher
5.(2007)I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ___ should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.
6.(2007)...the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away _____there was a garage.
4.(2010佛山二模)The robbers came in at about 22: 00 on Saturday ____ left at 07: 00 on Sunday.
归纳总结：
当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子),且这两个句子之间没有关联词时,填______;若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词(如上述第10 题)。

表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等的从句叫_____从句),以及引导该类从句的关联词的使用特点(如引导定语从句的关联词一定是代表先行词并在从句中作句子成分的;引导名词性从句的关联词,that 没有任何意思也不作任何句子成分,即句子结构和意思完整时即填______,而if 或whether 有意思但不作句子成分,who, whom, which，when，where，how等则有意思也作句子成分)来决定。

方法探究5
1.(2010茂名二模)Listen to these words from Darwin P. Kingsley: “You have powers you never dreamed of. You can do things you never thought you _______ do. There are no limitations in what you can do except the limitations of your own mind.”
2.(2010茂名一模)I explained that while I didn’t carry any cash, I _______ happen to have a new blanket, and asked him if he could use it.He was thrilled.
1.(2009茂名二模)What’s amazing is that Pluto _______ understand everything dad says. Their communication is as near to being perfect as possible...Each seems to know what the other needs at any time. Never once _______ I heard anyone shout at Pluto or even raise their voices.
4.(2007肇庆二模) Once when I returned from a Saturday baseball game, _________ was Steve who took the time to ask me what happened.
5.(2010年韶关二模)It was not until 1840 ________ the official organization known as the Penny Post was established in Great Britain and gave ordinary people cheap and efficient postal deliveries.
归纳总结：
(1)若句子结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填____ 动词,或强调____ 的do, does, did, 或构成部分倒装的助动词do，does，did 等(如上述1～2 题);(2)还要注意有可能是部分倒装,填助动词have，has，had与主语后的过去分词以构成完成时(如上述第3 题);(3) 填it 或that,以构成it is/was...that...这个强调句型(如上述4～8 题)。

有提示题的解题技巧
是指“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”这类题，五年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。

方法探究6
1.(2011)He ______________ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
2.(2010)After a four-day journey, the young man _______ (present) the water to the old man.His teacher took a deep drink
1.(2009)...people stepped on your feet or _______ (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.
4.(2009)“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ”Jane ____________(inform).
5.(2008) Being too anxious to help an event develop often ______(result)in the contrary to our intention.
6.(2007)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car _____(break) down near a remote village.
归纳总结：
当句子缺少谓语动词时, 括号中的动词就是_____动词。

此时, 要根据语境确定用哪种时态, 根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用____语态。

方法探究7
1.(2011)I noticed a man _________(sit)at the front.
2.(2009)She wished that he was as easy _________ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.
2.(2008)For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop ________ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.
归纳总结：
当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列,该动词就是
__________。

此时,就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。

如作主语或宾语，就用______(一般)或不定式形式(具体)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用__________；作伴随状语或作定语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词或
过去分词;有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如see/hear/ notice sb. do/doing sth.,spend...doing sth.等。

方法探究8
1.(2011)I left it early because I had an appointment_____(late)that day.
2.(2010)The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be_______(sweet).
3.(2008)...he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day... he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”______(high).
4.(2010惠州三模)Once a habit is formed, it is difficult,and sometimes_________ (possible), to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we pay great attention to the formation of habits.
归纳总结：
当括号中所给词是形容词或副词,且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,要根据语境,理解句意,若该词意思不变,逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的______(或最高级)；若需要用与该词意义相反的意思，逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。

注意：要善于分析语境,辨别省略了than...的隐性比较级(如上述1～3 题)。

比较级
方法探究9
1.(2011)He must be ________ (mental)disabled.
2.(2010)His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.
3.(2009)But Jane knew from past experience that her ______(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
4.(2008)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _______(nature)
course.
5.(2007)We drank together and talked _______(merry) till far into the night.
5.He failed his maths examination because of his ________(care)work.
5.In Alaska,the wolf almost ________ (appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.
归纳总结：
当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转化。

我们可据以下3 条顺利解题：
(1)作主语或宾语用_____形式；
(2)作定语、表语或补足语用______形式;
(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词,作状语,用____形式。

注意：
(1)有时不但要注意词性转换, 而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀, 其逻辑意义才通顺(如上述第6 题)；
(2)当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时, 无需改变词性, 就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了(如上述第7题)。