英语语法填空解题技巧与方法

英语语法填空解题技巧与方法

1. 通读全文，把握大意。既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。

2. 结合语境，试填空格。读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说，可按设题类型分为三类情况：

①纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧：

技巧1如：[例1]I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and ___38___ gets there almost in a second. (20XX年茂名一模)

解析：and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代the message用代词。

技巧2[例2]It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help ___33___rice crop grow up quickly. (20XX年广东高考)解析：名词rice crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词。

[例3]…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ___35___ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. (20XX年广东高考)

解析：因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定语；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填。

技巧3

[例4]… who should have the honour of receiving me ___33___ a guest in their house. (20XX年广东高考)解析：因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词。

技巧4[例5]…two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso ___34___ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

解析：因与Pablo Picasso (毕加索)与Candido Portinari (坎迪多·波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，应填。

[例6]…all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me ___36___almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (20XX年深圳一模) 解析：因melted me和gave me 两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填。

技巧5

如[例7] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days ___32___I was to return to Guangzhou. (20XX年广州一模)解析：因I wanted to…是一个句子，I was to return…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填。

[例8] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ___37___he felt very happy… (20XX年广东高考) 解析：因He was very tired…是一个句子，he felt very happy…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系，故填。

技巧6

如[例9]What is acceptable in one country ___31___be considered extremely rude in another. (2007珠三角五校联考)

解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be 是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词。

[例10] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ______ bring home a regular salary. 解析：这是一个由but连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时；可是，bring却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不附，也与主语he不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语表示强调的助动词 (的确)

技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

如：[例11] …and ___40___was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (20XX年广州一模)

解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填。

析：由can you expect to…可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词，因为“ +状语(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。

[例13] …as ___32___took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists… (20XX年佛山二模)

解析：由句式结构可知，这是 takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主语，空格处填形式主语。

[例14]Dating sites also make ___36___easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (20XX 年惠州二模)

解析：由句式结构可知，to avoid…是真正的宾语，easy是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的。

如：[例15] This made the goat so jealous ___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (20XX年惠州二模)

解析：由句式结构可知，这是so…that…句型，应填。

如：[例16]Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ___40___ how much he pays.

解析：由句式结构可知，该横杠为。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。

②给出了动词的试题的解题技巧

首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。

[例17]His fear of failure ___36___ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (20XX年深圳一模)

解析：因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填。

[例18] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, ___40___ (close) my book and walked away. (20XX年广州一模)

解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式。

[例19] In Logan, three people ___38___ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007梅州二模)

解析：因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填。

技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing 形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：

如：

[例20] …but it is not enough only ___35___(memorize) rules from a grammar book. (20XX年佛山一模)