大学英语语法教程-第一讲-句子结构
英语语法讲解第一课句子成分
英语语法讲解第一课句子成分爱尚英语入门第1课句子成分-定语七、定语.修饰或限制名词的词称为定语。
定语只和名词有关(这个很特殊，和其他任何句子成分无关)。
哪里有名词，哪里就有定语。
不管在什么语言里面，名词都是需要定语的（特殊情况除外）。
如果没有定语，名词的范围就太广了。
意思就不清楚了。
比如说：你去帮我买苹果。
这句话是有问题的，因为苹果这个名词，没有定语，概念太广了，表示世界上所有的苹果。
如果这样跟别人说话，别人根本不理解，让我买多少苹果啊，什么苹果啊？所以要加上一个定语：你去帮我买十个苹果。
这样意思就清楚了，“十个”就是修饰名词“苹果”的，所以“十个”就是定语。
注意，在英语中，普通名词是可以归属的，一般来说，专有名词是不能归属的，除非有特殊情况。
汉语的定语，不管多长，都是放在前面的。
看看这个例子:我的书美丽善良的姑娘昨天晚上我买的书我经常建议你买的书英语中也有定语放在前面的，叫做介词定语。
另外还有后置定语，即放在名词后面修饰前面名词的定语。
汉语中没有后置定语的概念，所以受汉语的影响，大多数人觉得后置定语很难。
其实后置定语本身并不难，只是我们不习惯而已。
在英语里面能作前置定语的有：形容词性物主代词、形容词、名词所有格（’s）、数词、名词、量词、指示代词等等。
例如：1.形容词性物主代词作前置定语：my book我的书her pen她的钢笔 our teacher我们的老师2.形容词作前置定语：expensive book贵的书 good book 好的书 happy girl 快乐的女孩3.名词所有格（‘s）作前置定语： Nick's house 尼克的房子4.数词作前置定语：three books 三本书 Ten apples 十个苹果5.名词作前置定语：English book 英语书 room number房间号码6.量词作前置定语：a bottle of water 一瓶水7.指示代词作前置定语：this book这本书 that girl那个女孩注意，同一个普通名词，可以跟多个定语。
语法讲义第一讲导论
语法讲义第一讲1.语法层次与句子结构、基本句型1-1.语法的定义：语法研究词的变化和句子结构的科学。
研究词变化的部分称为词法.Morphology.如名词的数、格。
动词的时态语态。
研究句子结构的部分称为句法Syntax.如句子的成分、语序、句子的种类。
词法与句法的关系---区别与联系。
语法指遣词造句的规律，但离不开词汇。
语法体现在词汇中，而词汇受语法的制约。
语法层次现代英语语法的内容包括下列七个层次.doc1-2.语法的作用：学习词汇主要是加强感性认识，学语法是要提高理性认识。
在加强语言理解力或使用能力方面语法都可以发挥重要作用。
正确的使用语法是：10%的知识或信息，90%的实践。
第一.词法2-词的分类：要弄清句子成分应由哪类词担任，分清词类非常重要。
如：主语，宾语多有名词担任；谓语多有动词担任；定语常有形容词担任；状语多有副词担任；词分为10大类：2-1．名词：表示人、物或地方等，如：John，teacher；table，pen；London；beauty．2-2．代词：用来代替名词，以避免重复某个名词，如：I，you，it，that，those，them．2-3．形容词：用来修饰或限制某个（些）名词，如：good（man），white（paper），every（book），much（water），被修饰或限制的名词，叫做主体词（head-word）。
2-4．动词：表示行为或状态，如：speak，read，go，think，is，seem．2-5．介词：表示它后面的名词（或代词）跟它前面的动词、另一名词或形容词的关系。
这些名词（或代词）称为介词的宾语。
介词宾语和介词构成介词短语。
The book on the desk is mine．（介词on把名词book和另一名词desk联系起来）He is sure of it．他对此很有把握。
（of联系it和sure．）It is good for you．这对你有好处。
英语语法精讲——句子成份分析
第一讲英语的句子结构步骤一：句子结构的解析一、句子成分一个句子一般由两部分组成，即主语部分（subject group）和谓语部分（predicate group）。
句子成分（members of the sentence）是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
句子由各个成分所构成。
1.主语主语（subject）是一个句子的主题（theme），是全句所述说的主体，一般置于句首。
可用于作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1）名词作主语 e.g. A tree hasfallen across the road.2) 代词作主语 e.g. You’re not far wrong.3) 数词作主语。
e.g. Three is enough.4）名词化的形容词作主语 e.g. The idle are forced to work.5）副词作主语 e.g. Now is the time.6）名词化得介词作主语 e.g. The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.7) 不定式作主语 e.g. To find your way can be a problem.8）动名词作主语 e.g. Smokingis bad for you.9）名词化的过去分词作主语 e.g. The disabled are to receive more money.10) 介词短语用作主语e.g. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.11) 从句用作主语 e.g. Whenever you are ready will be fine. 12) 句子做主语 e.g. “How do you do” is a greeting.主语可由一个以上的名（代）词等构成，这种主语可叫作并列主语。
e.g. He and I are old friends.英语常用无人称的名词作主语。
英语语法第一讲语法层次和句子结构课程教案
黑板板书
个别发言
14分钟
理论讲授
4. 分句， 按其不同句法功能可以分为：独立分句和从属分句，简单分句和复杂分句，主句和从句
5. 句子是最高一级的语法单位，（完全句和不完全句，简单句、并列句、复杂句、并列复杂句）
6.主谓结构和句子分析
分句通常由主语和谓语两大部分组成，补充例句进行讲解
句子分析，把句子分成主，动，宾，状，补等5个主要的成分，补充例句进行分析
讲解
黑板板书
做题
28分钟
归纳总结
语法层次和句子结构
提问
课件演示
集体回答
2分钟
作业
每位学生找一段200词左右的段落，并划分每一句的句子结构
讲解要求
讲解演示பைடு நூலகம்
记录
1分钟
后记
教学重点/难点
教学重点：词（简单词、派生词、复合词，封闭词类、开放词类）；分句（独立分句和从属分句，简单分句和复杂分句，主句和从句）；主谓结构和句子分析；5种基本句型及其转换与扩大
教学难点：主谓结构和句子分析；5种基本句型及其转换与扩大
教材/教参
教材：章振邦. 新编英语语法教程. 上海：上海外语教育出版社 ， 第四版.
参考资料：
1. 薄冰. 薄冰英语语法指南. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社 ， 第一版
2. 张道真. 实用英语语法. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社， 最新版
二、教学设计
步骤
教学活动
教学方法
教学手段
学生活动
时间分配
介绍
1.本门课程的课程性质，地位和作用
2.本门课程的主要内容和学时分配
3.课堂要求和考核形式
讲授（口述）
课件演示
《大学英语语法教程第五版》期末考试复习资料(复习讲义)
第一讲句子结构改写句子(必考）1.WaldenPond, once praised by Thoreau for its natural beauty,is now the site of many stands.2.Almost every summer night the cooling northeast wind swept through ou rbedroom windows,marking air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome./Swepping through our bedroom windows almost every summer night,the coolingnortheast wind made…3.The steep surrounding slopes were capped with snow,which fed two st reamsplunging down to join in the valley below.4.With the river on one side and a large tree providing shade,this isa goodspot for a picnic,and we can spread our blanket on the grassy knoll. 5.Panting for breath after running up the stairs,Mr wood stood at his neighbour†s door and knocked again and again till someone opened it.6.The town folk envied horace,who had come into a small fortune with whichhe bought a big house and obtained a partnership in the biggest grocery in town.7.Standing in front of the mirror,Jim looked at his image,wondering at the bigchange that had come over him in recent years.8.The idea that his only daughter whom he had greatly wronged might neverforgive him almost drove hime mad.9.The story,written in plain language,consists of three parts with an interesting plot centering round an aristocratic family living in17th century France.10.Mud-covered and shivering,John sat hunched over a bowl of hot broth preparedby his father to drive off the chill.11.Far above the waters of a beautiful lake and over the tops of the tall pime treesgrowing on the steep of a hill stand five Chinese-style pavilions.12.Farther down the street,the old man stopped and leaned against a l amp-post,listening to a cheerful song coming out of a restaurant on the oppsite si de of the street.13.Sarah sank in the nearest chair,completely exhausted,her limbs stiff with cold,her mind a piece of blank.14.Throughout the day Mrs Rymer behaved very properly,her pleasant,refi nedface wearing a grave look,her elegant figure wrapped in deep mourning w hileoccasionally she uttered a sigh or a sob.15.Tony thought it necessary to break the news to his family,that Mr Jacob,hisformer employer,had promised him a half-day job at20pounds a week. 2/67йЎµ16.The thought that he might have wronged his friend who had rendered him goodservices on many occasions troubled his mind,already overburdened with wo rries andcares.17.The men of the disbanded royal bodyguard,suddenly turned loose onto thestreet of a capital seething with unrest,unemployed and perhaps disgruntled at theirabrupt dismissal,were a potentially dangerous element.18.For many years London has been a business centre with hotel accomm adationfor visiting businessmen toghter with well-to-do travellers but completely inade quatefor the swarms of shour-stay tourists landing at Heathrow or disembarking a t Dover.19.Nearing the top,he climbed recklessly faser and faster,his eyes alread y glowingwith triumph,but suddenly he slipped and fell,tumbling to the ground an d lyingmotionless there,a crumpled pile of arms and legs.20.Bertrand Russell was one of the very few persons who have received both theOrder of Merit,which was conferred on him by the British government in 1949,andthe Nobel Prize for literature,conferred in Norway in1950.第二讲主谓一致（一）练习11.Their earnings(come) to 500 dollars a week.2.Where (are) the shears?3.Tidings (have) come that the British warship was sunk.4.Your suspenders (are) not here.5.The archives (are) not open to the public.6.Mr Steven's morals (are) above criticism.7.The remains of a Roman settlement(was) found beneath the brewery.8.At the bottom of the hill there is a dangerous crossroads.9.This pair of trousers (costs) fifty dollars.10.The fireworks (were) postponed to the following Saturday because of the bad weather.11.The odds (are) in our favour.12.Our special thanks (are) due to Mr Matthews for the organization of the bad weather.13.The mansions in which the flat (was) a comparatively small one.14.Braces (are) not fashionable nowadays.15.All their belongings, together with the remains of torn-up newspapers,(lie)scattered over the carpets.练习二1.It seems the cattle(牲口) on the sides of the dykes (were) the only living creatures in these desolate surroundings.2.The police (have) only very limited powers.3.A team which (is) full of enthusiasm is likely to win.4.That green foliage (was) restful.5.The militia (were) called out to guard the borderland.6.The government (is) doing its best to boost production.7.That family (is) a very happy one.8.The audince (are) listening to a Beethoven symphony.9.The football team (is) being reorganized.10.The football team (are) having baths and (are) then coming back here for tea.第三讲主谓一致(二)1.Pancakes and syrup (is) a tasy breakfast.king the cows, in addition to several other chores.(was) his responsibility.3.Each man and each women there (is) asked to help.4.Neither Lucy nor Carol (has) any money left.5.The tenth and the last chapter (were) translated into Russian by Bob.w and order (meanings) different things to people with different political opinions.7.The number and diversity of British newspaper is considerable.8.An older man or a mature woman is needed for this job.9.Fish and chips is getting very expensive.10.The sum and substance of this argument is war and peace.11.A truck and a convertible(小货车) (were) in the ditch.12.The Bat and Ball(公司名称) (sells) good beer.13.War and peace (is) a constant theme in history.14.War and peace (are) alternatives between which men must constanly choose.15.How is it that your answer and your neighbour's (are) identical.练习二1.Where is that five pounds I lent you?(指的是面额)？2.Two more dollars (are) missing from the till this morning.3.This kind of car is highly priced.4.A number of pages (are) badly torn.5.Three pints (is) not enough to get him drunk.6.The number of pages assigned for daily reading (was) gradually increased to twelve.7.There (is) more than one answer to your question.8.A total of 5000 bicycles (were) registered in the year.9.The actual total of the unemployed (is) believed to exceed 10000.10.There is heaps of fun.11.Only 25 percent of the capital is American-owned.12.Fifty percent of the 4350-mile road is paved.Thirty-four percent more is comfortably passable.But eight percent is impassable.13.Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.14.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.15.There last three years (have) been full of surprises.16.The majority of the damage (is) easy to repair.17.The majority of criminals (are) young man.18.All of the fruit (looks) ripe.19.All (are) eager to leave now.20.Some of the dimes (are) missing.21.Few of my family really (understand) me.22.Many a person in these circumstances (has) hoped for a long break.23.Every man,woman and child (was) asked to contribute.24.A group of us (have) decided to hire a boat.25.The greater part of the valley (was) flooded.第四讲名词复数必备一些不规则复数foot–feet. goose–geese. tooth–teeth.mouse–mice. ox–oxen. louse–licebasis–bases. thesis(论文)–theses.datum-data(资料) phenomenon–phenomena(现象) poetry–poems. machinery–machines. equipment–tools. foliage–leaves.correspondence–letters. luggage-bagspolice-policemen. clergy-clergymenlaughter-laughs. work-jobs. photography-photos. permission-permits. music-songs. fun-joys. homework-exercises.练习1（此部分必出选择题）1.To the dinner party all her relations were invited1.We don't do much business with him.2.The house built of stone was once used as a warehouse.3.Some youths were seen loafing in the street.4.The effort and expense needed for this project bore no relation.5.This will please the eye.6.Hainan province has too much summer.7.Please give ear to what he has to say.8.He was not man enough to admit his mistakes.9.There is lamb(羊肉）on the menu today.10.He was too much a coward to tell the truth.11.The soup tastes of onion.12.The play was produced before large audiences.13.He is more of a sportsman than his brother.14.This action is as much of a success as I expected.15.That man is not much of a scholar16.That guy was less of a fool than I thought.17.There is egg on your nose.18.He is something of a poet.19.The girl was a little of a coquette.第五讲名词的属格（此部分必考句子改错题（正确答案）原句看P59很重要）1.The leg of the table is broken.2.Mary and John’s house is on the corner.3.…on birs’s nests.4.…the students’problems.5.…at the Joneses’.6.That tray is not ours ,it is the one we gave the Harrises.7.…Charles’car but someone else’s.8.…in ten years’time.9.The products’effectiveness…10.This week’s news…than the last two weeks’.11.…others’problems.12.…each other’s worries.13.My brother and sister-in-law’s house…14.A friend of my father’s…15.A wheel of the car…16.That boyfriend of17.The baseball player’wives…18.…women’s clothing only.19.…Milton’s long poems.20.Those new shoes of yours…第六讲（P63，P66都是选择题，预估老师会从其中挑多道题，自己看书，这里不整理了，但很重要)P67 改错题必考！1.Mrs Blake has had few (little of) opportunity to travel.2.We have got enough time to read such many(many such) novels.3.He has much more(more much) problems than he used to be.4.I don't like this kind of apples.(apple)5.I enjoy both(either) kind,the red wine or white wine.6.The librarian has cataloged each(every) book in the fiction section.7.More corn is produced in the United States than in any (other)country.8.The farmers are hoping that there will be a greet many (a greet amount of) rainfall this year than there was last year.9.The customs officer examined all these(the) luggage at the airport.第七讲限定词二P75练习考的几率不大，因为考过，所以这里不再给出第九讲P103 必考改错题1,The furniture is their’s(theirs), but the house is our’s(ours).2.The dog is lying on it’s(its)back.3.I’ve bought several paintings of him(his).4.The professor(添加himself) interviewed the applicant himself.5.She has nothing to say to her(herself)6.We were beside us(ourselves) with joy.7.He always conducts him(himself) like a scholar.8.The sky has rained it(itself) out.9.Jane and himself(him) collaborated on a new novel.10.No one (change) but myself really understands him.11.No one but herself(she) knows Russian.12.I saw his (him) waving a flag.13.The reward was divided among us three,Tom and I(me).14.You probably know to who(whom)I am referring.15.Could it have been him whom (who) was injured.16.We agreed to accept whomever (whomever) they bought was the best foreman.17.Of all we (us) men whom(who) I think should be available for office,Thompson is the first who comes to mind.18.I cannot tolerate such men as he(him).19.They deferred him(his) going home on furlough until next month.20.Settle the question with whomever(whoever) wrote the report。
英语语法,句式,简单句子结构(透彻分析)
LESSON ONE句子的三种模式导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型，注意词性和词序，以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。
三种基本句型虽然简单，但至关重要。
掌握好它们，在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。
▲主+系动词+表注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。
1 这个人是一个老师。
The man is a teacher.主语系表语主语系表语（名词）2 他（是）很忙。
He is busy.主语系表语主语系表语（形容词）▲注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。
3 她（是）在教室里。
She is in the classroom.主语系表语主语系表语（介词短语）▲定语只修饰名词，不破坏句子的基本结构。
通常由形容词和介词短语充当，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后，请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。
看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。
介词短语4 ---英国法学家波洛克介词短语Happiness is a station-----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语5形容词介词短语介词短语形容词6.教室里。
形容词介词短语The teacher is handsome.My book is表语（介词短语）定语（介词短语）She is介词短语即可以做表语也可以做定语，虽然它们词性相同，但由于词序不同，它们所起到的作用也不同，当在is的后面是表语,跟在名词的后面它就起到定语的作用。
课堂练习 11是2不是我的。
3．我的家乡hometown 峡谷valley 里。
4那个贼后面behind。
1. 是The man is a teacher2钱不是我的。
Thenis not mine3．我的家乡峡谷里。
My hometown is4The is behind the1．医院里的那个傻子fool 是从英国来的。
2．教室里靠窗户的桌子上的那台电脑computer 是新的。
全新版大学进阶英语语法讲解教程1 unit1
全新版大学进阶英语语法讲解教程1
unit1
该教程旨在帮助大学生进一步提高他们的英语语法水平。
下面
是本教程第一单元的内容概述。
主要内容
本单元主要包括以下几个方面的英语语法知识：
1. 语句基本结构：介绍英语句子的基本结构，包括主语、谓语
和宾语的概念以及它们在句子中的位置。
2. 时态与语态：详细介绍英语中的各种时态和语态，如一般现
在时、过去进行时、将来完成时等，并提供相关的使用规则和例句。
3. 名词与代词：讲解名词与代词在句子中的作用和用法，包括
单数与复数形式、人称代词和物主代词等。
4. 形容词与副词：介绍形容词和副词在句子中的用法和修饰规则，包括比较级和最高级的形式。
5. 介词与介词短语：解释介词的基本含义和用法，并提供一些
常用的介词短语及其意义。
6. 从句与连接词：讲解从句的概念和种类，介绍连接词的作用
和使用方法。
研究目标
通过研究本单元的内容，学生应该能够：
- 掌握英语句子的基本结构，正确使用主语、谓语和宾语。
- 熟练运用各种时态和语态，正确表达不同的时间和语气。
- 理解名词和代词在句子中的功能，并正确选择和使用它们。
- 灵活运用形容词和副词，增强句子的表达能力。
- 熟悉常用的介词和介词短语，能够准确地描述位置和关系。
- 理解从句的构成和作用，正确使用连接词来连接主句和从句。
结束语
本教程第一单元提供了一个全面的英语语法讲解，帮助学生打下坚实的语法基础。
通过研究和实践，学生将能够更自信地运用英语语法，并提高他们的语言能力。
大学英语语法教程-第一讲-句子结构
1. All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT (TEM4-2012-59) B A. Only one problem still remains – the food. B. She bought herself a pair of new shoes. C. My friends all understand and support me. D. She liked her current job, teaching English. 2. Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive? (TEM4-2013-61) B A. He is not the man to draw back. B. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie. C. Larry has a large family to support. D. There is really nothing to fear.
3. 表语(predicative)(即主语补语)：系动词之后 的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词 化的分词） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
8. 同位语（教材418页）
英语语法基本句子成分和结构
第一讲英语基本句子成分和句子结构一、英语句子成分句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分，主要成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语动词、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可监词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：Tom is a good boy.（名词）We often speak English in class. （代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式）Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it为形式主语，不定式为真实主语）2.谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下：（1）简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
例如：He practices running every morning.（2）复合谓语：由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成。
例如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.We are having a quick breakfast.3.表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, keep, remain, become, get, grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste 等）之后。
英语语法第一讲 英语句子结构详解
第一讲：句子基本结构首先大家看五个句子：一、He is Donald Trump, President of America.二、Trump graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1968.三、The U.S. elected him president in 2016.四、Trump has written more than fourteen bestsellers.五、Trump gave his daughter a large diamond on her 7th birthday.这五个句子对应英文中的最基本的五个句子结构，能看出来吗？这里我把五个基本句型给出来，大家可以对照一下：1、主谓2、主谓宾3、主谓宾宾补4、主谓双宾5、主系表能看出来的就可以过掉前面的章节，直接进阶到复杂句阶段。
只能看出三句或不能看出来的，恭喜你，这里就是你的英语起步之路了。
首先大家想一下：一个完整的句子是什么样的？它必须具有什么样的素养？必须能够表达完整的意思！！！这需要以两个部分来完成：主语和动词。
虽然从初中开始就教五种基本句型，但我敢打赌，大部分人可能连主语是什么都说不清楚。
说到这，可能有不服的要来一战。
我来还原一下：老师，we are having an English class，主语不就是人吗？那A cat is drinking milk，主语为什么不是小猫？呃...那主语就是人和动物（挣扎1）那The trees are growing，主语为什么不是树？啊...好吧，人、动物、植物都可以做主语（挣扎2）Well, Reading books is my hobby，这句话的主语是什么？好吧老师，我放弃，我不知道。
（挣扎失败）现在咱们先把前三个句子拿出来：we are having an English class.A cat is drinking milk.The trees are growing.你就会发现一个规律：xx做了什么样的动作。
英语语法入门-句子结构
定语和状语是句子中的修饰成份，不列 入基本句型中
英语的五种基本句型
1、主语———系动词———表语
eg Mr. Brown is an English teacher. ︳ ︳ ︳ 主语 系动词 表语 ︳ 1). be 动词 解释说明主语的性 2). 感官动词： 质或特征等 look, sound,feel, taste, smell等 3).表”变化”的词： become,get,turn等，还有seem,keep,stay等。
She likes the children to read newspapers 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 and books in the reading-room. ② He asked her to take the boy out of school. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 ③ She found it difficult to do the work. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾补 宾语 ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
找出下列句子中的表语：
找出下列句子中的表语： The old man was feeling very tired. A B C D ② Why is he worried? A B ③ The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D ④ They all became interested in the subject. A B C D ⑤ She was the first to learn about it. A B C D
eg Your father is standing there. 主语 谓语
英语语法第一课
语的动作和状态的。
• 3.表语（predicative）它是放在连系动词之
后表示主语的身份或特征的。表语也就是 主语补语。补语(complement)分为主语补 语和宾语补语。
• 4.宾语（object）它是表示及物动词动作的
对象的。
• 5.定语（attribute）它是限定或修饰名词或
English Grammar 英语语法 第一讲
1.语法是什么？ （What is grammar？ ）
• 语法是语言的组织规律, 它赋予语言以结构
系统。（the entire system of a language, including its syntax, morphology, semantics, and phonology）
• 7.冠词(article, 缩写为art.) 说明名词所指的
人或物的词。An article is a name for the (definite article) and a, an (indefinite
article).
• 8.介词(preposition,缩写为prep.) 表示名词
• 4.他是我的顶头上司。 • He is above me. • 5.微积分对我来说太难了。 • Calculus was always beyond me. • 6.你打这个电话就能找到我。 • You can reach me at this phone number.
4. How does that song go?
• 具体地讲, 主要有下列六种句子成分。
• 1. 主语（subject）它是句子所要说明的人
或事物, 是一句的主体。The subject is the part of the sentence that names whom or
大学英语一unit 1句子结构讲解
Please fill in the blanks and complete the main idea of Part
Part Ⅰ
Ⅰ
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Parts Part Ⅰ
Paragraphs
Main ideas
ADD YOUR TITLTEheHwEriRteEr was born with perfect
6 I use software that turns the music into lines of color on a computer screen. Red is the bass, blue is snare, green is the vocals or melody. I’m visually hearing the music. What I love about deejaying is the creativity, what you can do with a machine, two turntables, and a mixer.
第一讲 如何分析英语句子结构
4.Just as social positions can be symbolized by feathers worn on the head, by gold on the watch chain,or by a thousand other things according to the culture we live in,so the fact of being hungry can be symbolized by a thousand different noises according to the culture we live in. 5.The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries.
2).昨晚在十字路口发生了一起严重的交通事故。 A serious traffic accident happened/occurred/came about at the crossing yesterday evening. 3).我突然想到一个绝妙的主意。 An excellent idea occurred to me.
4).听到这个激动人心的消息，她脸上露出了笑容。 After she heard this exciting news,a smile appeared on her face. 5).欢迎你们参观我们学校！ Welcome to visit our school!/Welcome to our school! 6).一场暴风雨过后，苹果树上只剩几个苹果。 After a rainstorm,only a few apples remained on the trees. 除了以上不符合汉语习惯顺序的词之外，其它情况下英 语陈述句的句序和汉语的顺序是吻合的。我们可将英语陈 述句的句序归纳如下： 主谓（宾） / 主系表一条线，定语和名词紧相连，不是在 后就在前，状语很少在中间。
大一英语语法第一讲
• • • • • • • • • • •
6.A:Object:165 years B:Adverbial:around the sun 7.A:Subject:you and your brother B:Object:how many pairs of shoes 8.A:Subject:most expensive meal listed on the menu B:Complement:what 9.A:Direct Object:an "outdoor code" B:Indirect Object:their members 10.A:Predicate Verb:can blow B:Adverbial:as far as 180 miles an hour
[2]主-动（SV）结构 在SV结构中，谓语动词通常是不及物动词 eg：Iron rusts. Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. Prices are doing down. The children are sleeping.
• [3]主-动-宾(SVO)结构 在SVO结构中，谓语动词通常是及物动词，随后 须跟宾语，带一个宾语的及物动词又叫做“单宾 语及物动词” eg：I want a return ticket . Liverpool（利物浦队）won the game. Nobody could answer the question. The train is building up speed. The plane is losing altitude（降低高度）.
• [5]主-动-宾-补(SVOC)结构 • 在SVOC结构中，及物动词之后须跟 语和宾语补 足语，这种动词又叫“复杂宾语及物动词”。 • eg：We made him our spokesman. • They elected him president. • He pronounced himself in favour of the plan. • They painted the walls creamy white. • The directors appointed him sales manager.
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常见的系动词有: be, sound, look, feel, smell, taste, remain, feel, turn……
找出下列句中的表语 ① The old man was feeling very tired. ②The leaves have turned yellow. ③ Soon they all became interested in the subject. ④She was the first to learn about it.
1. Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adverbial? (TEM4-2012-62) A A. Despite the rain, everyone enjoyed the trip. B. The man with a beard is talking to the manager. C. Every precaution was taken against the failure of the plan. 教材308-309页 D. Are you sure of Simon’s disappearance? 2. Which of the following prepositional phrases is an adverbial of concession? (TEM4-2012-64) C A. They used the box for keeping treasure. B. I stepped aside for her to get in first. C. For all that he seems to dislike me, I still like him. D. The parents bought a birthday cake for their son.
1. All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT (TEM4-2012-59) A. Only one problem still remains – the food. B. She bought herself a pair of new shoes. C. My friends all understand and support me. D. She liked her current job, teaching English. 2. Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive? (TEM4-2013-61) A. He is not the man to draw back. B. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie. C. Larry has a large family to support. D. There is really nothing to fear.
6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句 子。 Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） You should do everything that I do. （定语 从句）
1. All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT (TEM4-2012-59) B A. Only one problem still remains – the food. B. She bought herself a pair of new shoes. C. My friends all understand and support me. D. She liked her current job, teaching English. 2. Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive? (TEM4-2013-61) B A. He is not the man to draw back. B. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lie. C. Larry has a large family to support. D. There is really nothing to fear.
4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者 代词担任, 放在及物动词之后。如： I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从 句）
7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 (教材421页) I will go there tomorrow. 时间 The meeting will be held in the meeting room.地点 The meat went bad because of the hot weather. 原因 He studies hard to learn English well. 目的
简单句的五个基本句型 4. 主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVoO) She gave John a book． 5. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC) She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. He felt it his duty to mention this to her. 分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足 语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词monitor） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词a pity） We will make them happy. （形容词happy） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （ to teach the lazy boy a lesson ） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词burning ）
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. 结果 I like some of you very much. 程度 If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 条件 He goes to school by bike. 方式 Though he is young, he can do it well. 让步
3. 表语(predicative)(即主语补语)：系动词之后 的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词 化的分词） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
Xinchun returned from abroad a different man. The italicized part functions as a (n) _______.(TEM4-2013-52) D A. appositive (同位语) B. object C. adverbial D. complement 教材14页称该现象为双重谓语。 英语里有一个句型：主语+不及物动词（非系动词）+ 形容词（或名词），一派语法学家称其为带双谓语的句 型，另一派则把它称作带主语补语的句型，如： They married young. He died happy. He died a poor man.
2011年TEM 4中： 宾语：1 主语：1
主谓关系： 1
2012年TEM 4中： 同位语：2 主语：1 宾语：1 状语：3（状语从句 1；介词短语做状语 2）
2013年TEM 4中： 同位语： 1 补语： 1
主谓关系：1
1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数 词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
Lecture one Sentence Structure & Lecture 36 Modification