水体生物膜微生物群落结构特征研究

水体生物膜微生物群落结构特征研究

姓名：XXX 学号：xxxxx 专业：环境科学与工程导师：XXX

1研究背景

水体生态系统中包含大量的水生生物及微生物系统，其中生物膜即为微生物菌群在水体中的表现形式之一。水体中的生物膜主要是由大量微生物附着在固体表面，并以水体中的营养物质为养分不断地生长繁殖，通过微生物胞外聚合物（Extracellular Polymeric Substances，以下简称EPS）对细胞的粘附、凝聚形成一定结构的微生物膜。生物膜广泛存在于河湖水体的表层沉积物、岩石及悬浮颗粒表面，它的存在对水体污染物质的吸附、降解起到很大的作用。水体生物膜中的微生物在水体物质循环及能量流动中起着重要作用，可影响水体中营养物质的分布及转化，同时生物膜特征的变化也主要是由于水体环境因子、营养元素的变化引起的，故水体生物膜特征是水体环境变化和演替的重要标志。

2研究意义

水体营养物质、温度及水动力是影响生物膜形成、生长的主要原因，同时微生物的生命活动可影响水体营养物质的分布及迁移转化。研究不同水体生物膜胞外聚合物含量、微生物群落结构特征对了解水环境变化、营养物质转换具有指导意义，对自然水体的自我修复、生态治理具有现实意义。

3研究内容

（1）不同水体生物膜EPS特征；

（2）不同水体生物膜群落结构特征；

（3）生物膜微生物群落与营养要素、EPS中蛋白、多糖的响应；

4创新点

大量的研究侧重于水体沉积物，而本研究主要侧重于上层水体边侧附着的生物膜分布特征，以及水流剪切力对生物膜的影响。

Research on Characteristics of Biofilm Microbial

Community Structure in argodromile

1 Background

Aquatic ecosystem contains a large number of aquatic organisms and microbial systems, including biofilm which is one of the manifestations of microbial flora in water. Biofilm is dominated by a large number of microorganisms which grow and reproduce with nutrients constantly, attached to a solid surface, with cells adhered and cohered to the extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) to form certain biofilm structure. Biofilm is widely present in sediments,surface of rock and suspended particles in water, its presence on the adsorption and degradation of water pollutants plays a significant role. Biofilms in water plays an important role in nutrient cycling and energy flow. affects the distribution and transformation of nutrients in water, the changes of water environment factors and nutrient elements can also affect the characteristics of the biofilm. Biofilm characteristics is an important symbol of water environment change and succession.

2 Significance

Water nutrients, temperature, and hydrodynamics force are the main factor that affect the biofilm’s formation and growth, while microbial life events can also affect the distribution ,transformation and migration of nutrients in the water.Understanding the structure of the microbial community and biofilm extracellular polymer substances content in different kind of water has guiding significance to know the changes in water environment,and the conversion of nutrient.It also has practical significance for natural water body self-healing and ecological management.

3 Research

(1) EPS characteristics of different water bodies;

(2) Biofilm community structure characteristics of different water bodies;

(3) The relationships between biofilm microbial communities and nutrients, proteins and polysaccharides in EPS.