基于单片机的自动避障小车设计与实现

工业应用技术学院

本科生毕业设计

题目：基于单片机的自动避障小车设计与实现指导教师：职称：讲师

学生：周红宇学号： 1102120515

专业：电气工程及其自动化

院（系）：机电工程学院

答辩日期：年月日

2015年月日

摘要

智能小车是一种能够通过编程手段完成特定任务的小型化机器人，主要是在自动化控制领域，它具有制作成本低，电路结构简单，程序调试方便等优点，具有很强的趣味性。智能小车深受广大机器人爱好者以及高校学生的喜爱。

该设计利用单片机STC89C52RC作为主控芯片，该芯片是一种高速、低功耗、抗干扰能力强的芯片，其最高时钟工作频率为48MHz，用户应用程序空间为8K。能够满足程序空间需要。驱动采用L298N驱动芯片，它是一种双全桥步进电机专用芯片，通过对其输入端的控制可以实现小车的启动、转向、停止等动作。为节省成本，小车由两个直流减速电机加一个万向轮构成，并采用后轮驱动。采用了E18-D50NK红外光电开关组成的避障传感器来避障。由于采用了6节干电池供电使系统的抗干扰性得到加强。充分利用STC89C52的系统资源，使智能小车完美的实现了障碍物检测、避开障碍物自动巡航等功能。经实践验收测试，该智能小车的电路结构简单，调试方便，系统反映快速、灵活，设计方案正确、可行，各项指标稳定、可靠。

本文首先介绍了智能车的发展前景，接着介绍了该课题设计构想，各模块电路的选择及其电路工作原理，最后对该课题的设计过程进行了总结与展望,并附带各个模块的电路原理图和本设计实物图及完整的C语言程序。

关键词：智能小车单片机避障红外线

Abstract

Smart car is a small robot to accomplish specific tasks by programming, mainly in the field of automation control, it has low production cost, simple circuit structure, debugging convenient, has the very strong interest. Smart car robot lovers as well as by the majority of College students.

This design uses STC89C52RC micro controller as the main control chip, the chip is a chip of high speed, low power consumption, strong anti-interference ability, and the maximum clock frequency is 48MHz, the user application space for 8K. To meet the needs of the space program. Driven by the L298N drive chip, it is a kind of dual full bridge stepper motor dedicated chip, the input end of the control can realize the car start, stop, turn. In order to save costs, the car by two DC motor and a universal wheel, and the rear wheel drive. The obstacle avoidance sensor E18-D50NK infrared photoelectric switch to obstacle avoidance. Due to the adoption of the 6 battery supplies power to the anti-interference of the system has been strengthened. To make full use of the system resources of STC89C52, the perfect realization of the intelligent vehicle obstacle detection, obstacle avoidance automatic cruise function. Through the practice of acceptance testing, circuit structure of the smart car is simple, convenient debugging, the system to reflect the rapid, flexible, the design scheme is correct and feasible, stable, reliable indicators. This paper first introduces the development prospects of the smart car, and then introduces the design idea, working principle and circuit of each module circuit, the design process of the project are summarized and prospects, with each module circuit diagram and the design of the physical map and the integrity of the C language program.

Keywords: Smart Cars Single-chip Obstacle Avoidance Infrared