妇产科硕士2020中期考核试题

妇产科中期考核专业题

姓名：成绩：

简述题：（80分）

1. 月经调节机制？

2. 子宫内膜异位症的发病机制学说有哪些？

3. 胎膜早破的处理原则

4. 不孕症的病因有哪些？

5. 异常子宫出血的病因分类

6. 卵巢癌起源及组织学分类原则

7. TCGA子宫内膜癌分子分型

8. 滋养细胞疾病分类及处理原则

9. 前置胎盘处理原则

10.妊娠期高血压疾病的发病机制

论述题：（20分）

免疫检查点抑制剂在妇科肿瘤中的应用

妇产科中期考核专业英语题

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英译汉

1. Ovarian cancer is the second most common cause of gynecologic cancer death in

women around the world. The outcomes are complicated, because the disease is often diagnosed late and composed of several subtypes with distinct biological and molecular properties (even within the same histological subtype), and there is inconsistency in availability of and access to treatment. Upfront treatment largely relies on debulking surgery to no residual disease and platinum-based chemotherapy, with the addition of antiangiogenic agents in patients who have suboptimally debulked and stage IV disease. Major improvement in maintenance therapy has been seen by incorporating inhibitors against poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) molecules involved in the DNA damage-repair process, which have been approved in a recurrent setting and recently in a first-line setting among women with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. In recognizing the challenges facing the treatment of ovarian cancer, current investigations are enlaced with deep molecular and cellular profiling. To improve survival in this aggressive disease, access to appropriate evidence-based care is requisite. In concert, realizing individualized precision medicine will require prioritizing clinical trials of innovative treatments and refining predictive biomarkers that will enable selection of patients who would benefit from chemotherapy, targeted agents, or immunotherapy. Together, a coordinated and structured approach will accelerate significant clinical and academic advancements in ovarian cancer and meaningfully change the paradigm of care.

2.PPH (Postpartum hemorrhage) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Risk factors include retained placenta, prolonged duration of the third stage of labor, previous caesarean section, and operative vaginal delivery. Occurrence and development of PPH are, however, unpredictable and can sometimes give rise to massive hemorrhage or even hysterectomy and maternal death. Severe hemorrhage can lead to coagulopathy causing further hemorrhage and requiring substitution with blood transfusions.

3. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most commonly diagnosed endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and is associated with infertility and adverse reproductive, metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes, such as insulin resistance, obesity and type II diabetes. Symptoms of PCOS include menstrual irregularities (oligo- or anovulation), signs of androgen excess [e.g. hirsutism (male-pattern hair growth), acne] and polycystic appearing ovaries. Diagnosis can be challenging as symptoms vary in severity and it can be difficult to differentiate normal variability from the abnormality of PCOS, especially in young women. Symptoms can also vary by weight and ethnicity and can change across the lifespan. Given this complexity and uncertainty, it is not surprising that many women report experiencing long delays and seeing multiple providers before receiving a diagnosis, resulting in a negative impact on psychosocial outcomes and quality of life. To add to the uncertainty, diagnostic criteria for PCOS have expanded over time to include women with milder phenotypes of PCOS (such as those without signs of androgen excess), without clear evidence of benefit, increasing the number of women diagnosed. As a result, there is concern over both underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of PCOS.