The Trolley Car Case Study——哈佛大学公共课 孰对孰错

The Trolley Car Case Study: One Life versus Five Lives

Case A:Suppose you're the driver of a trolley car and your trolley car is hurtling down the track at 60 miles an hour. At the end of the track, you notice five workers working on the track. You try to stop, but you can't. Your brakes don't work. You feel desperate because you know that if you're crashing into these five workers, they will all die. Not too soon you'll know that for sure. And so you feel helpless until you notice that there is odd to right, a side track. At the end of that track, there is one worker working on the track. Your steering wheel works, so you can turn the trolley car, if you want to, onto the side track, killing the one, but sparing the five.

案例一：假设你现在是一位电车司机，正以时速六十英里的速度在轨道上疾驶。就在轨道的尽头，你突然发现有五名工人在干活。你试图停车，但力不从心，刹车失灵了。此时，你陷入绝望，因为你清楚地知道一旦撞上去，他们必死无疑。你感到无助，然而很快你发现右边有一条岔道，岔道尽头只有一名干活的工人。你的方向盘依然可以控制，所以你可以把车转向这条岔道，撞死这名工人，而那五名工人则可以幸免于难。

Case B: In this case, you're not a trolley car driver but an onlooker. You're standing on the bridge overlooking a trolley car track. And down the track comes the trolley car. At the end of the track are five workers. The brakes don't work. The trolley car is about to careen into the five and kill them. And now you are not the driver, thus you really feel helpless until you notice standing next to you leaning over the bridge is a very fat man. You could give him a shove, and he will fall over the bridge onto the track right in the way of the trolley car. He would die but he would spare the five.

案例二：现在你不是电车司机而是一名旁观者。你正站在桥上俯瞰电车轨道。此时，电车沿着轨道驶来。轨道尽头有五名工人在干活。电车刹车失灵，就快要撞上他们了。你不是电车司机，所以你真的感到无能为了。但你突然发现身旁站着一个胖子。你可以推他一把，他会倒在车轨上，刚好能够停住那辆车。这样他肯定活不成了，不过却可以救了那五名工人。

The Hospital Case Study: One Life versus Five Lives

Case A: You're a doctor in an emergency room and six patient come to you. They've been in a very terrible trolley car wrack. Five of them were moderately injured and one were severely injured. You could spend all day caring for the one severely injured victim but in that time the five would die. Or you could look after the five, restore them but the severely injured person would die.

案例一：是一位急症室医生，有六名病人被送进来。他们在一场严重的电车事故中受伤。其中五人伤势较轻，一人伤势较重。你可以选择照顾这位伤势较重的病人，但那五名病人将会死去。当然你也可以选择先照顾五名伤势较轻的病人，而伤势较重的病人则将死去。

Case B: You're a transplant surgeon and you have five patients, each in desperate need of an organ transplant in order to survive. One needs a heart, one a lung, one a kindney, one a liver and the fifith a pancreas. You have no organ donors and you're about to see them die. Then it occurs to you that in the next room there's a healthy guy who came in for a check up. He's taking a nap. You could go in very quitely, yank out the five organs that the person would die but you could save the five.

案例二：你是一位做移植手术的外科医生，来了五名病人，他们亟需器官移植以存活。他们依次需要心脏、肺脏、肾脏、肝脏和胰腺。你没有捐献的器官，得眼睁睁看着他们死去。此时，隔壁急症室来了一位身体健康的人，过来做个检查。他正在打盹，你可以悄悄走进去，取出他的器官。他必死无疑，不过这样你可以拯救那五名病人了。