新人教版八年级上英语1_5单元重点单词_短语和语法

Unit1 where did you go on vacation

1.复合不定代词： somebody某人 someone某人 anybody任何人

anyone任何人nobody没人 no one没人 ererybody每个人 ereryone每个人something某物 anything任何事物 nothing没有什么 ererything一切事物

①有body和one的只用来指人

②有thing的只用来指事物

③复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式

④ somebody， someone，something用于肯定句，

anything，anyone，anybody用于否定句，疑问句

⑤表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉的语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用somebody， someone，something ⑥ anything表示“任何事物，无论何事（物）”, anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，他们也可以用于肯定句中。

2. something、 anything、nothing、 ererything+形容词，例如：something special

3.quite和very的区别

① quite+a/an, a/an+very

②quite+ another, a few , a little ,不能用very

4.few，a few, little, a little的区别

few，可数名词复数，表否定

a few，可数名词复数，表肯定

little，不可数名词，表否定

a little，不可数名词，表肯定

5.what about=how about 做…怎么样后面加动词ing形式

6.seem和look的区别

Seem暗示有一定根据的判断，look指由视觉而得出的印象

7.bored形容人无聊 boring形容物无聊

8.arrive at+小地方 arrive in+方

9.dicide to do sth=make up one′s mind to do sth决定做某事

10.feel like 感觉像，后面接动词ing形式

11.over超过=more than

12.enough 足够的，enough+名词副词+enough

13.because和because of的区别

Because后面接的是一个句子，because of后面接单词或者短语

14.below 在…下面，反义词above

15.forget to do sth忘记去做某事（这件事还没有做）

forget doing sth忘记做过某事（这件事做过了，却忘记了）

16.find out找到，发现，强调找的结果；look for寻找，强调找的过程

17.so…that…如此…以至于=too … to…=enough …to

语法：一般过去式

如何写出动词的过去式

1、一般情况下在词尾加ed

2、以不发音的e结尾的直接加d

3、以辅音加y结尾的，把y改为i,再加ed

4、以一个元音加一个辅音结尾的，双写辅音，再加ed

不规则动词的过去式：

动词过去式

be (am\ is) was

are were

come came

go went

do (does) did

fly flew

draw drew

make made

sing sang

have (has) had

eat ate

drink drank

put put

let let

read read

can could

see saw

meet met

get got

forget forgot

take took

can could

may might

shall should

will would

know knew

begin began

bend bent

build built

spend spent

mean meant

learn learnt learned buy bought

think thought

teach taught

catch caught

sleep slept

sweep swept

keep kept

speak spoke

ride rode

feel felt

leave left

give gave

run ran

ring rang

sit sat

swim swam

say said

stand stood

tell told

throw threw

win won

write wrote

看到yesterday,last,，ago，before ,just now，in+年份，in those days就要考虑变为过去式。（一般情况在动词后面加ed ）过去式注意前面加，后面不加。

Unit2 how often do you exercise

1.help with sth 帮助做某事

2.can′t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 help oneself to 随便吃

with the help of sb在某人的帮助下

3.hardly ever 几乎不

4.go+动词ing形式

5.how often问频率。（多久几次）。 How many问多少，后面接名词复数。How

much,问价钱。 how long问多长时间，也可以问物体的长度。 how tall 问身高。 how heavy问重量。 how soon问需要多长时间，过多久，答语有in+一段时间。 how far 问多远

6.have to不得不，强调客观要求使之不得不做某事 must不得不，带有主观

意味

7.maybe或许，副词，一般位于句首。may be可能是，也，一般放在主语后。

8.at least至少

9.频度副词

always一直 usually 常常 often 经常 sometimes 有时

hardly ever 几乎不 never从来不

10.be动词，助动词，情态动词+频度副词频度副词+行为动词

11.百分数的表达方式：基数词+percent+of+名词