商务合同翻译技巧
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• (2)Should the buyer fail to perform any provision of the contract signed with the seller, the seller is entitled to terminate the wholeor any part of the contract, or postpone the delivery or hold back the goods in transit. • “假如买方未能履行与卖方所订立合同的 任何条款,卖方有权终止全部或部分合同 ,或延期交货,或截留运输中货物。”
hereof = of this在本文中,herewith = withthis 关于此
点; hereafter = after this time; in the future 自此
以后,将来;hereby = by means of this 以此方式; herein = in this place于此处;hereinafter = below or in this document 在下文;hereto = to this 由是,由此;
IV.选用正规性词语
商务合同作为正式性的法律文件,用于规定权利 义务,表明细节条目,因此用词斟酌,正式、规范, 多用正式或法律上的用词。 • 例如:(1)At the request of Party B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment. • “应乙方要求,甲方同意派遣技术人员帮助乙方 安装设备。”assist 较 help 正式; • (2)The Employer shall render correct technical guidance to the personnel.
• “雇主应该对有关人员给予正确技术指 导。”render 较 give 正式;
V.常见惯用词的公式化使用 • 1、惯用WHEREAS “鉴于”,多用它在前文中 引出签约背景和目的,起连词作用。例如: • (1)WHEREAS the Employer is desirous that manpower can be rendered available for the construction of High-Rise Residential Complex in Baghdad, Iraq; • “鉴于雇主欲请劳动力建造伊拉克巴格达的高层 住宅综合大楼;” • (2)WHEREAS the Contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the Works; • “鉴于承包人想为此工程提供劳动力;”
• WHEREAS Party A desires to use Party B’s technology and trademark to manufacture and sell Road Marks in China and overseas markets; • WHEREAS Party B desires to co-operate with Party A to manufacture and sell Road Marks in China and overseas markets, and • WHEREAS both parties consider these objectives can be achieved by the formation of a joint venture company under the relevant laws, rules and regulations of the People’s Republic of China; • NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the convents described hereinafter, Party A and Party B agree as follows. •
状语转换
• 1、状语转换为主语 • 例10:· For the purpose of this Contract, the Party B desires to introduce the Patent and engage in production cooperation in accordance with the technical know-how specified in the Patent. • 本合同的目的在于乙方希望引进专利,按 专利提供的技术进行合作生产。
•
Joint Venture Contract
• No. 85-100 • This Contract is made on the 2nd day of March, 2010பைடு நூலகம்between Shanghai Building Materials Import & Export Corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China, having its principal office at Pudong, Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter called Party A) of the First Part and The Global Construction Supplies Company organized under the laws of the USA, having its principal office at… Ohio, U.S.A.(hereinafter called Party B) of the Second Part.
合资经营合同(开头一段) • • • 编号.85-100 按照中华人民共和国法律组成的上海建筑 材料进出口公司,其总公司在中华人民共 和国,上海市……为第一方(以下简称甲 方)与受制于美国法律的环球建筑物资供 应公司,其总公司在美国,俄亥俄州, ……为第二方(以下简称乙方)于2010年3 月2日订立合同。
• 英语商务合同中常用的术语有:Force Majeure( 不可抗力),defect(瑕疵), jurisdiction(管 辖),draft at sight(即期汇票),letter of credit(信用证),bill of lading(提单), documents against acceptance(承兑交单), bill of exchange(汇票),firm offer(实盘), technology transfer(技术转让)等等,这些专 业术语语义精炼,表义准确,正式、规范、严谨 ,符合合同正规、严肃的文体特征。
常用条件句
• 合同为表达可能发生的各种情况、设想,以及相 关的处理方法,条款中条件句较多,尤其是在有 关付款、违约责任、不可抗力、财产处理和仲裁 等几部分中。这种结构虽然拖沓冗长,但表意精 确,避免了产生歧义的情形。常见表达有: • in the event that, in case表达“如果、假若” ,should 表达希望某事不太可能发生等。例如 :(1)In case the Import License is required, the buyer should settle the problem before placing the order.“若需要进 口许可证,买方应在订货前办妥。”
•
hereby(特此,兹),hereinafter(在下文中),thereto(另外,
随附),thereof(其中,它的),whereas(鉴于),
whereby(凭借),whereupon(因此,于是)。
III.多用"shall"代替"will"或"should" • shall表示法律上需要强制执行的义务,有“应 该”、“必须”的意思。“will”在合同中虽也用 作表示承担义务,但语气比“shall”弱。在合同 中“should”通常只用来表示语气较强的假设 “万一”,这是英语合同用词与基础英语用词的 不同之处。 • 例如:1.This Contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed.“本合同签字生效。” •
Business Contracts 商务合同
主讲: 洪明
I、同义词、近义词等连用。 在商务合同中,经常用同义词,间用and 或or 连接。 此种用词意在强调说明合同内容、严格区分条款项 目,在避免因歧义而发生纠纷。 例如:修改―― amendments to or alterations of ; 效力―― force and effect ; 履行―― fulfill or perform; 提供――furnish and provide ; 解释― ― interpretation or construction ; 达成― ― make and enter into ; 无效― ―null and void;
• 依照本协议的条款规定――on the terms and subject to the conditions 由双方― ―by and between • 秘密――secret and confidential; • 可转让――transferable or assignable;
• II、复合词多使用带有"here","there", "where"等前缀 • 在合同中使用这类复合词可避免重复,做 到简洁、严密,同时反映出合同应有的正 式规范性。举例说明如下: • 这类复合词中的“here”应理解为 “this”,“ there”应理解为“that”,“ where” 应理解为“which”。
• 2.Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December 15. • 译文:本合同签字之日一个月内,即不迟于12月25日, 你方须将货物装船。 • 3.Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US$500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY). • 译文:聘方须每月付给受聘方美元500元整。
英语商务合同中常用短语 hereinafter referred to as 以下称 whereas 鉴于 in witness whereof 兹证明 for and on behalf of 代表 by virtue of 因为 prior to 在……之前 as regards/concerning/relating to 关于 cease to do 停止做 in effect 事实上 miscellaneous 其他事项
VI.一般条款(General Terms and Conditions)
1. 合同有效期(Duration)。 2. 合同的终止 (Termination)。3. 不可抗力(Force Majeure)。 4. 合同的让与(Assignment)。5. 仲裁(Arbitration)。 6. 适用的法律(Governing Law)。7. 诉讼管辖 (Jurisdiction)。8. 通知手续(Notice)。 9. 合同修改(Amendment)。10. 其他(Others)。 11、结尾条款(Witness Clause) 一般包括份数、使用的文字和效力、签名(Signature)。
• 2 、状语转换为谓语 • 例9:The conditions for the establishment of the Joint Venture Company and the total amount of investment and registered capital are stipulated in this Contrast.本合同规定了设 立合资公司的条件以及投资总额与注册资 本。