【金属基复合材料】第五章,复合材料基体与增强体
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• Classification of matrices
1) Matrix for structural MMCs (结构复合材料的基体)； 2) Matrix for functional MMCs (功能用复合材料的基 体)。
Matrix Alloy Systems
• The selection of suitable matrix alloys is mainly determined by the intended application of the composite material. With the development of light metal composite materials that are mostly easy to process, conventional light metal alloys are applied as matrix materials. In the area of powder metallurgy special alloys can be applied due to the advantage of fast solidification during the powder production. Those systems are free from segregation problems that arise in conventional solidification. Also the application of systems with oversaturated or metastable structures is possible.
• For functional materials non-alloyed or low-alloyed non-ferrous or noble metals are generally used. The reason for this is the demand for the retention of the high conductivity or ductility. A dispersion hardening to reach the required mechanical characteristics at room or higher temperatures is then an optimal solution.
• 服用构成材料的特定性能的优点，以满足特定需求的可 能性是用于复合材料的开发中最重要的动机。术语基质
和加强经常被使用。基质是渗滤“软”相位（与一般的
优异的延展性，加工性和热导率），其中嵌入的“硬”
增强件（高刚度，硬度和低的热膨胀）。加强件可以是
连续的或不连续的，定向或迷失方向。该复合材料是由 分类：（1）它们的基质（聚合物，陶瓷，金属），（2） 其加强，其中包括化Байду номын сангаас性质（氧化物，碳化物，氮化
物），形状（连续纤维，短纤维，晶须，微粒）和方向， （3）它们的加工途径。
5.1 Matrix Materials
• Choice principia of the matrices
1) Using requirement of MMCs(金属基复合材料的使 用要求)； 2) Constitute characteristic of MMCs(金属基复合材料 的组成特点)； 3) Compatibility between metal matrix and reinforcement (基体金属与增强体的相容性)。
• 合适的基质合金的选择主要由该复合材料的预期应用来 确定。同的是大多易于加工轻金属复合材料的发展，传 统的轻金属合金施加作为基质材料。在粉末冶金领域特 殊合金可因该粉末生产过程中被施加到快速凝固的优点。 这些系统是由以常规凝固中出现偏析问题自由。还的系 统与过饱和或亚结构中的应用是可能的。
Chapter 5, matrices and Reinforcements of MMCs
Introduction
The possibility of taking advantage of particular properties of the constituent materials to meet specific demands is the most important motivation for the development of composites. The terms matrix and reinforcement are often used. The matrix is a percolating “soft” phase (with in general excellent ductility, formability and thermal conductivity) in which are embedded the “hard” reinforcements (high stiffness, hardness, and low thermal expansion). The reinforcements can be continuous or discontinuous, orientated or disorientated. The composites are classified by: (1) their matrix (polymer, ceramic, metal), (2) their reinforcement, which includes the chemical nature (oxides, carbides, nitrides), shape (continuous fibers, short fibers, whiskers, particulates) and orientation, (3) their processing routes.
1) Matrix for structural MMCs (结构复合材料的基体)； 2) Matrix for functional MMCs (功能用复合材料的基 体)。
Matrix Alloy Systems
• The selection of suitable matrix alloys is mainly determined by the intended application of the composite material. With the development of light metal composite materials that are mostly easy to process, conventional light metal alloys are applied as matrix materials. In the area of powder metallurgy special alloys can be applied due to the advantage of fast solidification during the powder production. Those systems are free from segregation problems that arise in conventional solidification. Also the application of systems with oversaturated or metastable structures is possible.
• For functional materials non-alloyed or low-alloyed non-ferrous or noble metals are generally used. The reason for this is the demand for the retention of the high conductivity or ductility. A dispersion hardening to reach the required mechanical characteristics at room or higher temperatures is then an optimal solution.
• 服用构成材料的特定性能的优点，以满足特定需求的可 能性是用于复合材料的开发中最重要的动机。术语基质
和加强经常被使用。基质是渗滤“软”相位（与一般的
优异的延展性，加工性和热导率），其中嵌入的“硬”
增强件（高刚度，硬度和低的热膨胀）。加强件可以是
连续的或不连续的，定向或迷失方向。该复合材料是由 分类：（1）它们的基质（聚合物，陶瓷，金属），（2） 其加强，其中包括化Байду номын сангаас性质（氧化物，碳化物，氮化
物），形状（连续纤维，短纤维，晶须，微粒）和方向， （3）它们的加工途径。
5.1 Matrix Materials
• Choice principia of the matrices
1) Using requirement of MMCs(金属基复合材料的使 用要求)； 2) Constitute characteristic of MMCs(金属基复合材料 的组成特点)； 3) Compatibility between metal matrix and reinforcement (基体金属与增强体的相容性)。
• 合适的基质合金的选择主要由该复合材料的预期应用来 确定。同的是大多易于加工轻金属复合材料的发展，传 统的轻金属合金施加作为基质材料。在粉末冶金领域特 殊合金可因该粉末生产过程中被施加到快速凝固的优点。 这些系统是由以常规凝固中出现偏析问题自由。还的系 统与过饱和或亚结构中的应用是可能的。
Chapter 5, matrices and Reinforcements of MMCs
Introduction
The possibility of taking advantage of particular properties of the constituent materials to meet specific demands is the most important motivation for the development of composites. The terms matrix and reinforcement are often used. The matrix is a percolating “soft” phase (with in general excellent ductility, formability and thermal conductivity) in which are embedded the “hard” reinforcements (high stiffness, hardness, and low thermal expansion). The reinforcements can be continuous or discontinuous, orientated or disorientated. The composites are classified by: (1) their matrix (polymer, ceramic, metal), (2) their reinforcement, which includes the chemical nature (oxides, carbides, nitrides), shape (continuous fibers, short fibers, whiskers, particulates) and orientation, (3) their processing routes.