高中英语状语从句精编版讲课教案

状语从句用法详解

在主从复合句中修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫状语从句。

一时间状语从句：起时间状语作用的从句。when, while, as, after, before, until/till, since, as soon as, immediately, the moment, every time, whenever等。1. when, while, as

1) when“当......的时候”，表示主从句的谓语动作同时发生或先后紧接着发生。

I was very happy when I heard from you.

When you deal with them, you should be cautious.

When I was young, I went to town myself. （延续性动词）

When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping soundly.（非延续性动词）

As a young man（=When he was a young man）, he was fond of hunting.

2）while引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的动词，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。

My father was preparing a report while I was playing games.

Please don't talk so loud while others are working.

3) while 意为“虽然,尽管”,还能引导让步状语从句.

While it was late, he went on working. （虽然很晚了,但他还在继续工作.）

While he is in poor health, he works hard. （虽然他身体不好,但他还是努力工作.）4）连接两个并列句子,表示“对比”关系.例如：

He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home. 他出去散步了,而我却呆在家里.）

I like singing while she likes dancing. （我喜欢唱歌,而她喜欢跳舞.）

You like sports, while I prefer music.

5）as表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生，可译为“一边......，一边......”

或“随着......”。

He hurried home, looking behind as he went.

As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.

注意：如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，when, while与as可互换。

When/ While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

2. till, until和not... until

1）until/ till肯定句：主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。

He remained there until/ till she arrived.

You may stay here until/ till the rain stops.

2）否定句：主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。构成not...until/till，意为“直到......才”。

She didn't go to bed until I come back.

Don't worry. We won't set off until you arrive.

3）till不可以置于句首，而until可以。

Until you told me the news, I had no idea of it.

4）not...until 句型中的强调和倒装用法。

强调句型：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.

倒装句型：Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.

（not until置于句首，主句要用部分倒装结构）

Not until the clock struck 12 did she realize she must go home at once.

3. before

1）before“没有来得及......就”“未......就”“......就......”

Someone called me up in the night, but they hung up before I could answer the phone. They had talked only a few minutes before they found they were quite different in opinion.

2）before作“......才......”

The bus driver almost knocked me down before he saw me.

The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters were able to control it.

3）before可译为“趁”“以免”“以防”等。

I'll do it before I forgot it. 趁还没有忘，我现在就把这事做了。

We'd better finish the work in time before the boss scolds us.

4）before可译为“（宁可......而）不愿”。

He'd die before he apologizes to them. 他宁死也不向他们道歉。

I'd give up the plan before I turn to him for help.

注意：“It + be + 一段时间+ before从句”中的主句和从句的时态有两种情况：

如果主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时，意为“多长时间以后某事即将发生”；It won't be long before we meet again. 不久我们就会再见的。

如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为“多长时间以后某事才发生”。

It was 3 years before he came back from abroad. 三年后他才从国外回来。

4. since译为“自从......”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。

He has studied very hard since he came to our school.

I haven't heard any noise since I slept.

He has written to me frequently since I was ill.

5. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant,

no sooner... than... , hardly/scarcely... when...和once（一......就）

这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译作“一......就......”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。

The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming.

No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.

The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.

注意：no sooner...than; hardly... when...时态搭配：