段落展开-1.narration

1）记叙Narration ）记叙 简单一点说， 简单一点说，记叙就是把一连串的事件按 照时间顺序记录下来。 照时间顺序记录下来。它是最基本但又是 最难的一种写作方式。 最难的一种写作方式。它的难点在于使用 准确生动的措辞 适当明晰的顺 措辞、 准确生动的措辞、适当明晰的顺序两个方 对于初学写作者来说， 面。对于初学写作者来说，最关键的恐怕 是把一个事件的过程交代清楚。 是把一个事件的过程交代清楚。在这个过 程中要注意过渡词的使用， 过渡词的使用 程中要注意过渡词的使用，也就是要注意 句子之间的衔接。经常用到的过渡词有： 句子之间的衔接。经常用到的过渡词有： first, second, third, etc. / now, before, after(ward), later, until, while, when(ever), then, soon, sometimes, /next, last, finally, /immediately, suddenly, gradually, meanwhile
在写记叙性文章的时候， 在写记叙性文章的时候，一定要注意过渡词的使 用： Yesterday at the swimming pool everything seemed to go wrong. Soon after I arrived, I sat on my sunglasses and broke them. Later my bathing suit caught on the rough edge of a chair, tearing a hole in the side of the suit. But my worst moment came when I decided to climb up to the high diving tower to see what the view was like. Once I was up there, I realized that my friends were looking at me because they thought I was going to dive. I decided I was too afraid to dive from that height. So I climbed down the ladder, feeling very embarrassed
范文举要 I saw a young cyclist, about 20 years old, hold the handle bars tight, and pedal along as quickly as he could. Obviously he wanted to turn left and tried to rush through the green light before it changed to red. He was in such a hurry that he forgot to put his left hand out. And then the driver of the lorry behind him, on seeing that, made a prompt response and slowed down. But a car coming up from behind overtook Baidu Nhomakorabeahe lorry and tried to cut in. An accident was inevitable! 本段是一个学生的考试作文， 本段是一个学生的考试作文，是对一次车祸的发 生的客观记述。 生的客观记述。但是好的记叙文并非都是完全客 观的， 观的，有的作者也会把人的感情和观点也加入进 这样的文章读起来有的时候会更生动有趣。 去，这样的文章读起来有的时候会更生动有趣。 例如下文： 例如下文：
记叙不清楚 Yesterday I met a car accident. It was so frightening! I was walking along the street. I suddenly heard a great sound, I found a car was turning right. Its speed was great, the driver must be a drunkard. It suddenly hit another car. It was damaged greatly. The driver must be dead. 在这个段落中， 在这个段落中，除了和上一个段落有同样的毛病 之外，还有一个显著的问题： 之外，还有一个显著的问题：没有把事情交代清 是什么？ 楚。a great sound是什么？两辆车子是如何相撞 是什么 对于这样的问题，作者都没有交代清楚。 的？对于这样的问题，作者都没有交代清楚。出 现这种毛病的原因， 现这种毛病的原因，一般是作者没有经过仔细考 虑就匆忙下笔。 虑就匆忙下笔。所以同学们下笔之前打好腹稿非 常重要。 常重要
directions：for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic the day my classmate fell ill. 1、简单描述一下这位同学生病的情况； 2、同学、老师和我是如何帮助他的； 3、人和人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是....
段落展开类型 根据人的思维的类型， 根据人的思维的类型，可以大致确定写作 中细节展开的几种形式。 中细节展开的几种形式。其中包括 1.记叙 记叙Narration、 (time and space order) 记叙 、 2.描写 描写Description、( time and space 描写 、 order) 3.举例 举例exemplification、 举例 、 4.分类 分类division and classification、 分类 、 5.比较和对比 比较和对比comparison and contrast、 比较和对比 、 6.过程与分析 过程与分析process and analysis、 过程与分析 、 7.因果 因果cause and effect、 因果 、 8.定义 定义definition 定义
病例分析 －缺乏必要的连接词 Yesterday I went to the zoo. I entered the zoo in the morning. I found there were many people already there. I bought a ticket and went in. I saw a lot of monkeys playing with each other. One of the monkey was bathing himself in the sun. I think it is interesting. After this, I went to see a tiger. I took many photos of him. He was so strong and beautiful. I suddenly felt he was so pity. He was in the cage all days. Forest is his home. I feel very sad about that! 在这个段落中，由于受到汉语习惯的影响， 在这个段落中，由于受到汉语习惯的影响，这位 作者使用的句子都非常短小， 作者使用的句子都非常短小，而且缺乏相应的连 接词,使得这个段落读起来有断线的感觉 使得这个段落读起来有断线的感觉。 接词 使得这个段落读起来有断线的感觉。
I was lying in my bed thinking how boring this school is and how I can’t wait till I get out of this ’ place when some guys asked me to play soccer with them. So I said “Why not?” and followed them to ” the field. I didn’t have anything to do anyway. It ’ was a nice summer evening; the sun was getting cool and the grass had been nicely dried. It didn’t ’ take long for us to divide up the team and begin playing. I was playing the center-field, a very important offense position I was proud of. We must have been playing for about ten minutes when I fell down hurting my right ankle. I had accidentally stepped into a small hole. I felt tremendous pain in my ankle, as if someone was hopping on it as hard as he could with porcupine shoes. Trying to forget the pain, I bit my tongue so hard that I bled. All the guys gathered around to see what was happening. “Hey, Joe, are you all right?” Jim asked. ”
目的不明确 On Sunday I went to a bookstore. There are many people there. Some were young and some were old, some were women some were men. I picked one book from the shelf and began to read. I found it was very interesting, so I decided to buy it. It was about a famous foreign politician who I admire in my heart. He had been in prison for many years, but later he was released because many people supported him. Now he becomes a famous man in the world. But when I felt in my pocket, I found my money was missing. I had to put it back. I felt very miserable, really miserable. 根据主题句，我们可以知道作者要记叙“到书店买书” 根据主题句，我们可以知道作者要记叙“到书店买书”一 件事。但是在这个很短的段落内，第二、三、七、八、九 件事。但是在这个很短的段落内，第二、 句都和这个事件关系不大，这不但造成了笔墨的浪费， 句都和这个事件关系不大，这不但造成了笔墨的浪费，而 且使读者对作者的意图感到迷惑不解。所以在写作过程中， 且使读者对作者的意图感到迷惑不解。所以在写作过程中， 作者要紧紧围绕主题句进行展开，千万不能随兴之所至， 作者要紧紧围绕主题句进行展开，千万不能随兴之所至， 喷洒笔墨。 喷洒笔墨。