配位化学基础和配位立体化学

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In modern coordination compounds almost all organic and inorganic compounds can be used as ligands. The “metal” usually is a metal from the groups 3-13, as well as the trans-lanthanides and trans-actinides, but from a certain perspective, all chemical compounds can be described as coordination complexes.
Originally, a complex implied a reversible association of molecules, atoms, or ions through weak chemical bonds. As applied to coordination chemistry, this meaning has evolved. Some metal complexes are formed virtually irreversibly and many are bound together by bonds that are quite strong.
MA4B2三种异构体
Jørgensen 提出的Co(en)2Cl2 的结构, 两种异构体
Werner 提出的Co(en)2Cl2的结构
== Werner 的无碳手性配合物[Co4(NH3)12(OH)6]Br6
2. 配合物(complexes)的基本观念
配合物(Coordination compounds, complexes)是指该化合 物的中心金属原子或离子被其他原子或基团环绕,以配位 键形式结合为一稳定的物质。
1798 法国化学家Tassaert用氨和钴矿石反应,得到红棕色的产 物, 第一个钴和氨的化合物(ammoniate)
1822 钴、氨的草酸盐化合物被Gmelin 制备 1851 得到CoCl3•6NH3, CoCl3•5NH3和其他钴氨化合物 1869 氨合物的链理论(Chain theory )by Blomstrand 1884 改进的链理论 by Jøngengsen 1892 Werner’s dream about coordination compounds 1902 Werner’s coordination theory 1911 Optical isomers of cis-[CoCl(NH3)(en)2]Cl2 by Werner 1914 Non-carbon Optical isomers resolved by Werner 1927 Lewis ideas applied in coordination compounds 1933 CFT Modern coordination theory, 配合物的键和稳定性
1. 中心离子, 配体和配位数的概念
Single atoms act as central nuclei, around which are arranged a definite number of other atoms, coordination number.
The most important Coordination numbers: 3, 4, 6 and 8, the number 6 occurring especially often.
2.光活异构体 Optically-active isomers of the complexes , 40 series of optically-active complexes with octahedral symmetry were separated in optically-active forms.
配位化学基础和配位立 体化学
2020年5月17日星期日
1. Werner和配位化学的发展
Alfred Werner (1866-1919)
Received the Nobel Prize of Chemistry in 1913 for proposing the octahedral configuration of transition metal complexes. Werner developed the basis for modern coordination chemistry.
Biblioteka Baidu
[Co (NH3)6]Cl3 (黄) [Co (NH3)5Cl]Cl2 (紫) [Co (NH3)4Cl2]Cl (绿)
CoCl3
Co
Jørgensen 的CoCl3 .nNH3链式结构 (化合价概念解释一切化合物)
Werner 提出的几何构型和异构体数目的关系
MA4B2两种异构体 MA4B2三种异构体
d10
➢ 配体( ligand, L) , Lewis碱, 电子对给体
:NH3 :CN- :Cl- en EDTA
➢ 配位数(coordination number, CN ) 定义(IUPAC):
1 与中心原子直接键合的原子数 2 中心原子与配体间的键数(不包括键)
Ag(NH3)2+ CN=2, Zn(EDTA)2- CN=6,
Cu(CN)2- CN=? Fe(C5H5)2 CN=? 配位数 化学计量比 例:SiO2 配位数 配体数
3. 常见的配体
1. 单齿配体(monodentate ligands)
❖ MLn 中心原子:通常是金属 M (metal) , 为Lewis酸,
电子对的受体(Electron-pair acceptor)
族: 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
金属: Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
ns2 (n-1) d2 d3 d4
d5 d6 d7 d8 d9
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