注意缺陷多动障碍儿童行为特征评估

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童行为特征评估（作者:___________单位: ___________邮编: ___________）

作者：谢国军吴穗玲王建国吴庆锋黎雪松

【摘要】目的探讨注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的行为特征。方法采用中国修订韦氏儿童智力量表、Achenbach儿童行为量表、Conners父母症状问卷对78例注意缺陷多动障碍儿童及其父母进行测试和问卷调查，并与正常对照组进行对比分析。结果注意缺陷多动障碍患儿的社交和活动能力保持较好，男患儿Achenbach儿童行为量表总分及学习能力、焦虑、抑郁、交往不良、强迫、体诉、社交退缩、多动、攻击、违纪因子分均高于对照组（P＜0.05或0.01），女患儿总分、抑郁、社交退缩、多动、性问题、攻击等因子分均高于对照组（P＜0.05或0.01）。男患儿的智商总分、言语智商、操作智商分以及知识、分类、词汇、数字广度、木块图案等因子分均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05或0.01），而女患儿智商评分与女对照组差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论注意缺陷多动障碍儿童有较多的行为和智商问题，家长应该根据他们的行为特征，有针对性的进行辅导，帮助患儿改善不良行为和社交技能。

【关键词】注意缺陷多动障碍；儿童；行为特征；智商；韦氏儿童

智力量表；Achenbach儿童行为量表；Conners父母症状问卷【Abstract】Objective To understand the behavior characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods Tests and questionnaire investigations were conducted in ADHD children and their parents with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised in China(C WISC), Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) and Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ) and compared with normal control. Results ADHD children keeped social ability and mobility well, total and such factor scores as learning ability, anxiety,depression,unhealthy communication,compulsion,physical complaints social withdrawal,restlessness,aggression and violation of discipline of the CBCL were all higher in the male patients than in the control group(P0.05 or 0.01), and so were scores of total, depression, social withdrawal,restlessness,sexual problems and aggression in the female(P0.05 or 0.01). IQ’s total, verbal and oepration IQ as well as knowledge,sorting,vocabulary,digit span,block pattern etc. score were significantly lower in the male compared with control group(P0.05 or 0.01);there was no significant difference in IQ score between the female patients and the female control(P0.05). Conclusion ADHD children have

more behavior and intelligence problems, parents should give guidance in the light of their behvavior characteristics to help them improve unhealthy behavior and social skill. 【Keywords】 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder;child; behavior characteristic; IQ; WISC; CBCL; PSQ

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍是一组以儿童活动过度、注意力缺陷、冲动控制力差而影响其社会功能为临床表现的一种行为障碍。研究表明，注意缺陷多动障碍对儿童的身心发育有很多不良的影响［1,2］。本文通过对照比较探讨儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的行为特点，以指导临床实践。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象选取2007年1月～2008年2月在我院门诊治疗的注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患儿为研究对象。入组标准：（1）符合《中国精神疾病分类与诊断标准》（CCMD3）ADHD诊断标准。（2）Conners父母症状问卷多动指数＞1.5。（3）智商（IQ）＞80分。（4）年龄6 a～11 a。（5）排除其他躯体疾患。共入组78例，均为小学文化和城市户口，其中男64例，平均年龄（8.37±1.37） a，平均病程（4.25±1.36） a；女14例，平均年龄（8.25±0.96） a，平均病程（3.76±1.12） a；选取与ADHD患儿相匹配的正常儿童40名作为对照组，男25例，平均年龄（8.38±1.32） a；女15例，平均年龄（8.38±1.35） a。两组儿童年龄和文化背景差异无显著性。

1.2 方法