浙江大学国际贸易实务课件

Chapter Four
Quality, Quantity and Packing of the Commodities (2)
II. Quantity Concerning Export Commodities
1. Units to Indicate Quantity
(1) Existing systems of units
SI: System of International Units
British System
USA System
Metric System（公制）
(2) General kinds of units indicating quantity
Weight (M/T: Metric Ton, L/T: Long Ton, S/T: Short Ton, G: Gram, KG: Kilogram, OZ: Ounce, LB: Pound)
Number (piece, pair, dozen, case（容器）, drum, bag, bale（大包）, basket, gross（总额）, set（套）, roll（名册）)
Area (Square meter, Square feet, Square yard（码）)
Length (meter, foot, yard)
Volume（体积）(cubic meter, cubic foot, cubic yard, cubic inch)
Capacity (liter（公升）, gallon（加仑）, bushel（美：蒲式耳）)
2. Weight Calculation
(1) By gross weight （毛重）
The weight of the commodity plus its tare（皮）or weight of packing.
Called Gross for Net in business.
(2) By net weight（净重）
The actual weight of the commodity, that is, the weight excluding（除了）tare. Ways to Calculate the Tare:
Actual Tare /Real Tare（实际皮重）
Average Tare（平均皮重）/Standard Tare（标准皮重）
Customary Tare（习惯皮重）
Computed Tare（推定皮重）
(3) By conditioned weight（公定量）
The scientifically dried weight of a certain commodity plus the standard moisture（水分）of that commodity.
(4) By theoretical weight（理论重量）
The weight of the goods is deducted（减去）by measuring the size and specifications which are fixed. 针对一些按固定规格生产和销售的商品,如,钢板,马口铁等所采用的计重方法.
3. Quantity Terms in Sales Contract
(1) Regulation on Price Fixed by Weight
If the price of the goods is fixed by weight, the contract must show that it is determined by gross weight or net weight.
In the absence of such a statement, the goods shall then be measured and priced by net weight according to the CISG and international business practice.
(2) Quantity Tolerance（公差）Clause: More or Less Clause
A clause in the contract that allows the seller to ship the contracted（已定约的）goods more or less than a certain percentage.
III. Packing of Commodities
1. Terms of Packing
(1) Types of Packing
Bale, Box, Case, Crate, Container, Barrel（铜）, Drum（大桶）, Carton（纸板箱）, Bags, etc.
Factors Influencing Types of Packing: Nature of cargo（货物本身性质）, Insurance acceptance conditions, Cost, Transport, etc.
(2) Packing Clause
The specifications should be clear.
Statutory（法定的）requirements should be considered.
The party to bear the extra packing charges should be specified.
2. Shipping Marks
The simple drawings, abbreviated（简短的）letters and numbers printed on the packing of the goods before transportation.
(1) Recognition（识别）marks
The basic part of the shipping marks, which is used to distinguish one lot of goods from others of the same category（类别）.
Five Parts of the Recognition Mark:
Main marks（主标志，包装货标）
Destination marks（目的地标志）
Marks of origin（原产地标志）
Item marks（项目标志）
Capacity and weight marks
(2) Indication marks (Safety Marks or Protective Marks or Attention Marks)
What should be paid attention to during the transportation and preservation（保存）of goods
(3) Warning marks
Marks used to indicate all kinds of dangerous products（危险货物）during transportation so that people may take care when moving these products.。