名词性从句讲解与练习答案解析版

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名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的词叫做连接词,包括:

1. 连词(在名词性从句中只起连接作用,不作成分)

2. 连接代词(在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语)

3. 连接副词(在名词性从句中作状语)

所有的名词性从句的语序都是陈述句语序。

主语从句:是在主句中作主语的从句。它由连接词引导,通常位于谓语动词之前。连接词:

1. 连词:在从句中不充当任何成分,常见的引导主语从句的连词有that, whether。That he got the first prize excited him much.

他获得一等奖一事使他非常兴奋。

It is doubtful whether we can get there on time.

我们能否按时到达那儿还不确定。

1)that引导的主语从句:在从句中不作任何成分,也没有实际意义。一般情况

下that不可省略。

That light travels in straight lines is known to all.

众所周知,光沿直线传播。

That you don't like him is none of my business.

你不喜欢他不关我的事。

2)whether引导的主语从句:常置于句首,表示“是否”之意;

if一般不引导主语从句。

Whether he can finish his task on time is of great

importance.

他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。

Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.

你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。

连接代词:在从句中起名词或代词的作用,常作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语,有具体意义且不能省略。常见的连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever。

What we should do with the problem is undecided.

我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。(what引导主语从句,不表疑问意义)Whom the letter was from is still unknown.

这封信是谁邮寄的还不清楚。

连接副词:在从句中起副词的作用,常作从句的状语,表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。常见的连接副词有when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。Why he did that wasn't quite clear.

他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。

Where we can look up his address is still a problem.

我们在哪儿可以查他的地址还是个难题。

注意:it代替主语从句作形式主语

that从句作主语通常用it作形式主语,而将that从句置于句末。

常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种:

1)It + 系动词+ 形容词+ that从句

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.

很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。

It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.

明天很可能会有一场暴风雪。

2)It + 系动词+ 名词+ that从句

常见的用于此结构的名词有:a pity(遗憾),a shame(遗憾,耻辱), a fact

(事实),an honor(荣耀),a wonder(奇迹),no wonder(难怪),good news

(好消息)等。

It's no wonder that you've achieved so much success.

难怪你已取得了如此大的成功。

It's a pity that you didn't attend their wedding.

你没有参加他们的婚礼真是遗憾。

3)It + 系动词+ 动词的过去分词+ that从句

It is said that no passengers were injured in the accident.

据说在那次意外事故中没有乘客受伤。

It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.

据宣布计划已被顺利实施。

4)It + 特殊动词+ that从句

常用于这种结构的动词有:seem(看上去),appear(显得),happen(碰巧),matter(关系重大),turn out(结果),occur to sb. (某人突然想起)等。

It seems to me that he objects to the plan.

在我看来,他好像反对这个计划。

It happened that I met an old friend on the street yesterday.

昨天我碰巧在街上遇见了一位老朋友。

II 宾语从句:在主句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为动词的宾语从句、

介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

1. 连词that, if/ whether引导的宾语从句

引导宾语从句时,that, whether/if 都只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分。

that无实义,在句子中可以省略;Whether/if 意为“是否”,不可省略。

He said (that) he couldn't finish his work before dusk.

他说黄昏之前他完不成任务。

Nobody knows whether/ if he likes school or not.

没有人知道他是否喜欢上学。

注意:whether/ if都意为“是否”。一般情况下,它们可以互换,口语中常用if,

但在以下情况中,只能用whether:

1)与or not 紧接连用时。如:

Let me know whether or not you can come.

请让我知道你是否能来。

2)作介词的宾语从句时。如:

We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.

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