江南大学 2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题

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江南大学 2018年硕士研究生入学考试物理化学(含实验)初试试题

江南大学 2018年硕士研究生入学考试物理化学(含实验)初试试题

江南大学 2018年硕士研究生入学考试物理化学(含实验)初试试题注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项②所有答案必须写在答题纸上,写在本试题纸或草稿纸上无效③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回一、填空题1、实验室的真空烘箱上接一压力真空表,若该表头指示值为99.75kPa,则烘箱内的实际压力为()。

(设实验室气压101.33kpa)2、FeCl3和H2O能形成FeCl3•6H2O,2FeCl3•7H2O,2FeCl3•5H2O,FeCl3•2H2O,四种水合物,则该体系的独立组分数C()和在恒压下最多可能的平衡共存的相数为(),3、用同一个电导池在相同温度下分别测定浓度C1=0.01mol/dm3,与C2=0.1mol/dm3的不同电解质溶液的电阻,得到R1=100Ω,R2=500Ω,则他们的摩尔电导率之比Λm (1)/Λm(2)=()。

4、玻璃管毛细管水面上的饱和蒸气压()水平面饱和蒸气压。

(>,=,<)5、298K时,苯蒸气在石墨上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,在苯蒸气压为40Pa时,覆盖率为0.05,当覆盖率为0.5时,苯蒸气的平衡压力为()。

6、等温等压下可逆增加的表面所做的非体积功就等于表面()的增量。

7、某液体的正常沸点127℃,该液体在此温度下摩尔蒸发焓△vapHm=35.2KJ/mol,则此温度附近其蒸气压随温度变化率=()8、在298.15K时,已知Cu2++2e-→Cu标准电池电动势为0.337V,Cu++e-→Cu 的标准电池电动势为0.522V,则Cu2++2e-→Cu+标准电池电动势为()。

9、苯和甲苯在293.2K时,蒸气压分别为9.958kPa和2.973kPa,现以等质量的苯和甲苯在293.2K时混合,混合物可看做理想液体混合物,则混合物上方甲苯的蒸气分压为()kPa。

10、将FeCl3水溶液加热水解得到Fe(OH)3溶胶,试写出此胶团结构(),(FeCl3为稳定剂)。

江南大学2018年工业设计专硕考研真题

江南大学2018年工业设计专硕考研真题

江南大学2018年工业设计专硕考研真题
一、简答题
1. 设计与消费的关系
2. 根据具体案例阐述系统论方法的认识
3. 对非物质设计的认识
4.对设计中“人的尺度”的认识
二、阅读理解题
给出材料:科技发展...阿里...蚂蚁金服...支付宝
1. 如何理解科技、创新与设计之间正在形成新的需求关系
2. 结合材料阐述新时代设计师的定位
三、论述题
论述日本、北欧以及德国现代设计的简约风格的内涵和表现。

四、快题
以时光为主题,从体验的角度设计一款位于街心公园的随时间变化而改变的休息设施。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试农学门类联考动物生理学与生物化学真题

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试农学门类联考动物生理学与生物化学真题

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试农学门类联考动物生理学与生物化学真题(总分:150.00,做题时间:180分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数:15,分数:15.00)1.在一定范围内,心室肌可以通过改变初长度来调节收缩强度,这种调节方式属于()。

(分数:1.00)A.神经调节B.体液调节C.神经-体液调节D.自身调节(正确答案)解析:自身调节是指组织、细胞在不依赖于外来的或体液调节情况下,自身对刺激发生的适应性反应过程。

如心肌的初长(收缩前的长度)能对收缩力量起调节作用;当初长在一定限度内增大时,收缩力量会相应增加,而初长缩短时收缩力量就减小。

一般来说,自身调节的幅度较小,也不十分灵敏,但对于生理功能的调节仍有一定意义。

2.刺激时间保持不变,引起可兴奋细胞产生兴奋的最小刺激强度称为()。

(分数:1.00)A.阈强度(正确答案)B.阈电位C.阈刺激D.阈下刺激解析:阈强度是指引起组织发生反应的最小刺激强度(具有足够的、恒定的持续时间和强度—时间比率),又称之为强度阈值。

B项,当膜电位去极化达到某一临界值时,就出现膜上的Na+通道大量开放,Na+大量内流而产生动作电位,膜电位的这个临界值称为阈电位,也叫燃点。

C项,阈刺激是指在刺激延续时间和对时间变化率保持中等数值下,引起组织产生动作电位的最小刺激强度,为衡量组织兴奋性高低的指标。

D项,阈下刺激是指低于阈值的刺激强度。

3.终板膜上参与终板电位形成的离子通道属于()。

(分数:1.00)A.化学门控通道(正确答案)B.电压门控通道C.机械门控通道D.细胞间通道解析:生物膜对无机离子的跨膜运输有被动运输(顺离子浓度梯度)和主动运输(逆离子浓度梯度)两种方式。

被动运输的通路称离子通道。

离子通道依据其活化的方式不同,可分两类:一类是电压门控通道,即通道的开放受膜电位的控制,如Na+、Ca2+、Cl-一些类型的K+通道;另一类是化学门控通道,即靠化学物与膜上受体相互作用而活化的通道,如Ach受体通道、氨基酸受体通道、Ca2+活化的K++通道等。

江南大学历年考研试卷

江南大学历年考研试卷

名词解释97年1原生质体原生质体 2芽孢芽孢 3菌落菌落 4诱导酶诱导酶 5生长因素生长因素 6回复突变回复突变 7诱导诱导 8拮抗拮抗 9血清学反应血清学反应 10巴斯德效应巴斯德效应98年1芽孢芽孢 2菌落菌落 3质粒质粒 4回复突变回复突变 5生长因子生长因子 6诱导酶诱导酶 7拮抗拮抗 8巴斯德效应巴斯德效应 9光复活作用光复活作用 10活性污泥活性污泥99年1原生质体原生质体 2菌落菌落 3质粒质粒 4芽孢芽孢 5诱导酶诱导酶 6生长因子生长因子 7巴斯德效应巴斯德效应 8营养缺陷型营养缺陷型 9 BOD 10血清学反应血清学反应 00年1温和性噬菌体温和性噬菌体 2巴斯德效应巴斯德效应 3 艾姆斯试验(Ames test) 4 ELISA 5 PCR 01年1类毒素类毒素 2暗修复作用暗修复作用 3巴斯德效应巴斯德效应 4 诱导酶诱导酶02年1转化转化 2 半抗原半抗原 3活性污泥活性污泥 4回复突变回复突变 5 PCR 填空 97年1微生物生长的特点是:―――――微生物生长的特点是:――――― 生长旺、繁殖快。

生长旺、繁殖快。

2微生物的学名是由-和-所组成微生物的学名是由-和-所组成 属名属名 种名加词种名加词3细菌革兰氏染色的主要原理是-。

影响染色的主要因素是-和-,革兰氏染色后为红色的是-是-4酵母菌是-,其无性繁殖方式是-和-芽殖、裂殖,有性繁殖是-酵母菌是-,其无性繁殖方式是-和-芽殖、裂殖,有性繁殖是- 形成子囊和子囊孢子形成子囊和子囊孢子 5霉菌产生的无性孢子有―――霉菌产生的无性孢子有―――6噬菌体的特点是---,其生长繁殖过程包括-----五个步骤。

噬菌体的特点是---,其生长繁殖过程包括-----五个步骤。

7培养基按用途可分为-----培养基按用途可分为----- 基础、加富、选择、鉴别~ 8根据生长和O 2的关系,大多数酵母属于-,大多数霉菌属于-的关系,大多数酵母属于-,大多数霉菌属于-9影响微生物生长的延滞期长短的因素有---等影响微生物生长的延滞期长短的因素有---等10光复活作用是指----四种情况光复活作用是指----四种情况11染色体畸变是指----四种情况染色体畸变是指----四种情况12大肠杆菌是指-食品中大肠菌群测定的食品卫生含义是-大肠杆菌是指-食品中大肠菌群测定的食品卫生含义是-13影响微生物的抗热性的因素是-----影响微生物的抗热性的因素是-----14 BOD 是指-是指-15在空气中能较长时间的微生物类群是--特点是-在空气中能较长时间的微生物类群是--特点是-16培养时,培养皿倒置是为了-和-培养时,培养皿倒置是为了-和-17平板菌落计数法结果表达中常用的“clu ”的意思是-”的意思是-98年1微生物的特点是-----微生物的特点是-----2微生物的学名有-和-所组成微生物的学名有-和-所组成3细菌革兰氏染色的主要原理是-影响染色的主要因素是-和-,细菌革兰氏染色的主要原理是-影响染色的主要因素是-和-,革兰氏染色后为红色的是革兰氏染色后为红色的是-菌-菌4霉菌产生的无性孢子是---霉菌产生的无性孢子是---5微生物的培养基按用途可分为-----微生物的培养基按用途可分为-----6根据生长和氧气的关系,大多数酵母属于-,大多数霉菌属于-根据生长和氧气的关系,大多数酵母属于-,大多数霉菌属于-7影响微生物生长的延滞期长短的因素有---等影响微生物生长的延滞期长短的因素有---等8染色体畸变有----四种情况染色体畸变有----四种情况9影响微生物的抗热性的因素是-----影响微生物的抗热性的因素是-----10在空气中能较长时间的微生物类群是--特点是-在空气中能较长时间的微生物类群是--特点是-11培养时,培养皿倒置是为了-和-培养时,培养皿倒置是为了-和-12平板菌落计数法结果表达中常用的“clu”的意思是-”的意思是-13 BOD是指-是指-2000年1影响革兰氏染色结果的因素是---,E.coli属于-性菌,染色结果为-色属于-性菌,染色结果为-色2生长因子是-,主要包括---生长因子是-,主要包括---3影响微生物生长的延滞期的主要因素是---影响微生物生长的延滞期的主要因素是---4根据微生物生长和氧气的关系,可分为---三大类型。

2018年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)

2018年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)
6.以下表达错误的选项是()
A.呋喃,吡咯,噻吩都比苯更容易发生亲电取代反应B.吡咯的碱性比吡啶弱
C.芳香性的顺序是呋喃>吡咯>噻吩D.苯中含有少量噻吩,可用浓硫酸除去
7.以下糖类化合物溶于水后有变旋现象的是()
A.蔗糖B.麦芽糖C.葡萄糖苷D.果糖
8.以下碳负离子稳定性由大到小排序是()
A.a>b>c>dB.d>c>b>aC.c>a>b>dD.b>a>c>d
19.关于乳糖操纵子不正确的选项是〔〕
A、当乳糖存在时可被阻遏B、含三个结构基因
C、CAP是正性调节因素D、阻遏蛋白是负性调节因素
20.肌糖原分解不能直截了当补充血糖的缘故是:〔〕
A、肌糖原分解的产物是乳酸
B、肌肉组织缺乏葡萄糖激酶
C、肌肉组织缺乏葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶
D、肌肉组织缺乏磷酸酶
九、问答题〔共50分〕
15.三羧酸循环提供大量能量是因为经底物水平磷酸化直截了当生成ATP。〔〕
16.ADP的磷酸化作用对电子传递起限速作用。〔〕
17.真核基因的产物多为多顺反子,即一个mRNA包含多个编码基因。〔〕
18.脂肪酸活化为脂酰CoA时,需消耗两个高能磷酸键。〔〕
19.蛋白质生物合成所需的能量都由ATP直截了当供给。〔〕
A、a→a3→b→c1→cB、b→a→a3→c1→c
C、b→c1→c→aa3D、c1→c→b→a→a3
12.位于糖酵解、糖异生、磷酸戊糖途径、糖原合成和糖原分解各条代谢途径交汇点上的化合物是:〔〕
A、6-磷酸果糖B、6-磷酸葡萄糖
C、1,6-二磷酸果糖D、3-磷酸甘油酸
13.以下化合物中哪个不含腺苷酸组分:〔〕

2018年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题

2018年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试自命题试题
A.几个牙齿折断或错位B.鼻孔大出血C.面部肿胀
D.上颌骨出现动度和错合E.脑震荡
48.当出现后牙早接触,前牙开合,侧合运动受限时表示()
A.颏部骨折B.单侧髁状突骨折C.双侧髁状突骨折
D.颏孔区骨折E.下颌角部骨折
49.下列那种情况适合采用平均倒凹法确定就位道()
A.缺牙间隙多,倒凹大B.单侧多数牙缺失C.前牙缺失
D.鳃裂囊肿E.表皮样囊肿
4.牙髓坏死伴特殊细菌感染称()
A.牙髓脓肿B.牙髓坏死C.牙髓坏疽
D.牙髓梗死E.牙髓变性
5.以下关于慢性龈炎和龈增生的说法,哪项是错误的()
A.淋巴细胞浸润多以B淋巴细胞为主
B.沟内上皮的直接下方有一层中性粒细胞反应区
C.增生性龈炎多见于年轻女性
D.可长期单独存在而不发展为牙周炎
D.磨牙后垫前缘E.腭小凹后2 mm
58.全口义齿初戴时发现下牙弓明显后退其原因可能是()
A.人工牙排列不当B.病员下颌骨过于后退C.合架前后移动
D.确定水平颌位关系时,下颌前伸E.垂直距离过低
59.戴全口义齿出现咬颊现象,需磨改()
A.基底细胞癌B.基底细胞样鳞状细胞癌C.腺样鳞状细胞癌
D.高分化鳞癌E.乳头状鳞状细胞癌
3.男,23岁,颈侧上部囊性肿物数年,可活动,无明显症状。病检见囊肿内含物呈浓稠黏液样,囊肿内衬复层鳞状上皮,部分区域含假复层柱状上皮,纤维囊壁内见大量淋巴组织并形成淋巴滤泡。最可能的病理诊断为()
A.甲状舌管囊肿B.皮样囊肿C.鼻唇囊肿
A.洞形无倒凹B.洞缘有斜面
C.去除腐质,线角清楚,作预防性扩展D.邻面可做片切形
E.洞底平面可不做严格要求,以去尽龋坏牙体组织为准
56.全冠龈上边缘的缺点是( )

江南大学历年硕士研究生入学考试试题(发酵-微生物学)部分真题

江南大学历年硕士研究生入学考试试题(发酵-微生物学)部分真题

江南⼤学历年硕⼠研究⽣⼊学考试试题(发酵-微⽣物学)部分真题江南⼤学2005年硕⼠学研究⽣⼊学考试试题(微⽣物学-发酵)江南⼤学2007年硕⼠学研究⽣⼊学考试试题(发酵-微⽣物学)⼀、名词解释(3*15)1.接合孢⼦2.局限性转导3.碳源物质4.芽孢5基团移位 6.移码突变7.⽣长因⼦ 8.准性⽣殖 9.巴斯德灭菌 10.连续灭菌11.HFR菌株12.对数⽣长期13.prophage 14.prototroph 15.PCR⼆、问答题1.微⽣物菌名的命名法则是什么?并举例说明。

2.霉菌形态观察中,制⽚常⽤的是什么染⾊剂?试说明每种成分的主要作⽤。

3.举例讨论微⽣物之间的互⽣、共⽣、竞争、寄⽣、和拮抗关系。

4.试叙述细菌和酵母细胞壁的化学组成和结构的特点。

5.好氧微⽣物液体培养主要有那些形式?他们各⾃有哪些⽤途和特点。

6.设计⽅案从⾃然界中分离筛选蛋⽩酶产⽣芽孢杆菌的步骤,并简要说明每⼀步的理由及注意点。

7.试叙述以野⽣型⼤肠杆菌为出发株,采⽤紫外线诱变技术,获得⼀株氨基酸营养缺陷型突变株的操作过程。

8.试从遗传学⾓度讨论⼈为打破微⽣物代谢的⾃动调节、过量积累中间代谢产物的3种⽅法。

江南⼤学2008年硕⼠学研究⽣⼊学考试试题(发酵-微⽣物学)⼀、名词解释(6*5)1、孢囊孢⼦与囊孢⼦2、PFU与CFU3、斜⾯保藏法与冷冻⼲燥法4、基因⽂库和cDNA⽂库5、活性污泥与⽣物膜⼆、简答题(35,可以⽤图、表、⽂字来表达)1、试述Escherichia coli和Staphylococcus aureus细胞壁肽聚糖构成(9)2、⽐较营养物质跨膜输送的⽅式(9)3、什么是抗药性?细胞产⽣抗药性的⽣化机制有那些?(8)4、⽐较原核⽣物三种遗传物质转移的⽅式(9)三、问答题(85)1、什么是细胞微⽣物的群体⽣长曲线,分为哪⼏个阶段?各个阶段的细胞数变化规律和细胞的⽣理特点如何?在科研和⽣产上有何应⽤?(28)2、某药⼚以细胞为⽣产菌种进⾏抗⽣素发酵,在夏季⽣产时其中有⼏罐出现异常,请设计实验分析确证是出现杂菌污染还是感染了噬菌体,并给出应采取哪些整治和预防措施?(30)3、请设计⼀个完整的实验,从⼟壤中分离筛选放线菌,以获得对真菌有拮抗作⽤的抗⽣素产⽣菌。

2018年,江南大学考研真题

2018年,江南大学考研真题

一专业术语解释
1棉织物丝光
2复合纺丝
3吸湿滞后性
4织物风格
5织物耐疲劳性
6溶液纺丝
7结晶度
8玻璃化温度
9变形丝
10纱线捻系数
二写出两个表征纤维细度的指标。

以羊毛纤维为例,说明纤维细度对纱线性能、织物性能的影响
三纺织材料回潮率的定义,论述纤维的哪些结构性能对回潮率的大小有影响,详细说明为什么涤纶的回潮率远小于羊毛纤维的回潮率
四纺纱过程中毛羽是怎么形成的,表征指标及减少毛羽的措施
五说明非织造布的生产过程、固网方式以及作用
六纤维集合体的导热系数影响隔热性和保暖性,论述纤维集合体导热系数的影响因素。

2018年江南大学硕士研究生入学考试业务课考试大纲

2018年江南大学硕士研究生入学考试业务课考试大纲

2018年江南大学硕士研究生入学考试业务课考试大纲
专业: 095138 农村发展初试科目:农业知识综合四
一、考试的总体要求
要求考生必须较好地掌握农村发展领域的基本概念、原理和基本分析方法,能够运用经济学、管理学和社会学的基本知识和方法分析农村发展领域的一些实际问题。

主要考核考生对基本知识和基本技能的掌握程度,了解考生在农村发展领域中分析和解决问题的能力。

二、考试的内容及比例
考试内容由农村社会学和农业经济学两部分组成,试卷满分为150分,各科目内容分别为75分左右。

(一)农村社会学(50%左右)
1. 了解农村社会学的研究范围与研究方法,农村社会学的产生与发展;
2. 理解农民、农业和农村,人地关系;
3. 理解农村经济、农村政治、农村文化、农村教育、农村卫生、农村婚姻与家庭;
4. 把握和理解农村工业化、农村城镇化、农村社会分层与社会流动、农民负担、农村扶贫、农村社会保障、城乡一体化;
(二)农业经济学(50%左右)
5. 了解农业的概念、特性、地位与作用,西方农业经济学科的产生发展,农业经济学的研究对象与内容,
6.理解农产品供给与需求,农产品现货市场与流通,农产品期货市场,农产品国际贸易;
7. 把握土地与水资源,农业劳动力,农业技术进步,农业资金,农业信息与农业信息化,农业家庭经营,农业合作社,农业产业化经营;
8. 理解农业保护政策,食品质量安全管理,农业产业结构,传统农业的改造与农业现代化,农业可持续发展。

三、试题类型及比例
1、名词解释,占20%;
2、简答题,占40%;
3、论述题,占40%。

四、考试形式及时间
考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为三小时。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)真题及解析

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)真题及解析

2018年硕士研究生入学考试数学一 试题一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸...指定位置上.(1) 下列函数不可导的是:()()()()sin sin cos cosA y x xB y xC y xD y====(2)22过点(1,0,0)与(0,1,0)且与z=x 相切的平面方程为y + ()()()()0与10与222与x+y-z=1与222A zx y z B z x y z C y x D yx c y z =+-==+-===+-=(3)023(1)(2n 1)!nn n ∞=+-=+∑()()()()sin 1cos 12sin 1cos 1sin 1cos 13sin 12cos 1A B C D ++++(4)22222222(1x)1xN= K=(11xM dx dx x e ππππππ---++=++⎰⎰⎰),则M,N,K的大小关系为()()()()A M N K B M K N C K M N D NM K>>>>>>>>(5)下列矩阵中,与矩阵110011001⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭相似的为______. A.111011001-⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ B.101011001-⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭ C.111010001-⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ D.101010001-⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭(6).设A ,B 为n 阶矩阵,记()r X 为矩阵X 的秩,(X Y ) 表示分块矩阵,则A.()()r A AB r A =B.()()r A BA r A =C.()max{(),()}r A B r A r B =D.()()TT r A B r A B =(7)设()f x 为某分部的概率密度函数,(1)(1)f x f x +=-,20()d 0.6f x x =⎰,则{0}p X = .A. 0.2B. 0.3C. 0.4D. 0.6 (8)给定总体2(,)XN μσ,2σ已知,给定样本12,,,n X X X ,对总体均值μ进行检验,令0010:,:H H μμμμ=≠,则A . 若显著性水平0.05α=时拒绝0H ,则0.01α=时也拒绝0H . B. 若显著性水平0.05α=时接受0H ,则0.01α=时拒绝0H . C. 若显著性水平0.05α=时拒绝0H ,则0.01α=时接受0H . D. 若显著性水平0.05α=时接受0H ,则0.01α=时也接受0H .二、填空题:9-14小题,每小题4分,共24分,请将答案写在答题纸...指定位置上.(9)1sin 01tan lim ,1tan kxx x e x →-⎛⎫= ⎪+⎝⎭则k =(10)()y f x =的图像过(0,0),且与x y a =相切与(1,2),求1'()xf x dx =⎰(11)(,,),(1,1,0)F x y z xy yz xzk rot F εη=-+=求(12)曲线S 由22210x y z x y z ++=++=与相交而成,求xydS =⎰ (13)二阶矩阵A 有两个不同特征值,12,αα是A 的线性无关的特征向量,21212()(),=A A αααα+=+则(14)A,B 独立,A,C 独立,11,()()(),()24BC P A P B P AC ABC P C φ≠===,则=三、解答题:15—23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸...指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.(15).求不定积分2x e ⎰(16).一根绳长2m ,截成三段,分别折成圆、三角形、正方形,这三段分别为多长是所得的面积总和最小,并求该最小值。

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)真题及解析

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)真题及解析

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)真题及解析(江南博哥)1 [单选题]下列函数在x=0处不可导的是().A.f(x)=|x|sin|x|B.f(x)=|x|sinC.f(x)=cos|x|D.f(x)=cos正确答案:D参考解析:2 [单选题]过点(1,0,0)与(0,1,0)且与曲面z=x2+y2相切的平面方程为().A.z=0与x+y-z=1B.z=0与2x+2y-z=2C.y=x与x+y-z=1D.y=x与2x+2y-z=2正确答案:B参考解析:已知平面过A(1,0,0),B(0,1,0)两点,则x≠y是存在的,故排除C、D项,可得平面内一向量n1==(1,-1,0),曲面z=x2+y2的切平面的法向量为n2=(2x,2y,-1),由n1n2=2x-2y=0,即切点处x=y.3 [单选题]A.sin1+cos1B.2sin1+cos1C.2sin1+2cos1D.2sin1+3cos1正确答案:B参考解析:4 [单选题],则M,N,K的大小关系为().A.M>N>KB.M>K>NC.K>M>ND.K>N>M正确答案:C参考解析:5 [单选题] A.B.C.D.正确答案:A 参考解析:6 [单选题]设A,B为n阶矩阵,记r(X)为矩阵X的秩,(X,Y)表示分块矩阵,则().A.r(A,AB)=r(A)B.r(A,BA)=r(A)C.r(A,B)=max{r(A),r(B)}D.r(A,B)=r(A T,B T)正确答案:A参考解析:使用反证法.7 [单选题]设f(x)为某随机变量X的概率密度函数,则P{X<0}=().A.0.2B.0.3C.0.4D.0.5正确答案:A参考解析:8 [单选题]设总体X~N(μ,σ2),σ2已知,给定样本X1,X2,…,X n,对总体均值μ进行检验,令H0:μ=μ0,H1:μ≠μ0,则().A.若显著性水平α=0.05下拒绝H0,则α=0.01下必拒绝H0B.若显著性水平α=0.05下接受H0,则α=0.01下必拒绝H0C.若显著性水平α=0.05下拒绝H0,则α=0.01下接受H0D.若显著性水平α=0.05下接受H0,则α=0.01下也接受H0正确答案:D参考解析:9 [填空题]参考解析:-2【解析】10 [填空题]设函数f(x)具有二阶连续导函数,若y=f(x)过点(0,0),且与曲线y=2x相切于点 (1,2),则参考解析:【解析】11 [填空题]已知F(x,y,z)=xyi一yzj+xzk,则rotF(1,1,0)=_______.参考解析:【解析】12 [填空题]曲线L由x2+y2+z2=1与x+y+z=0相交而成,则参考解析:【解析】13 [填空题]二阶矩阵A有两个不同特征值,α1,α2是A的线性无关的特征向量,且A2(α1+α2)=α1+α2,则|A|=_______.参考解析:-1【解析】14 [填空题]随机事件A与B相互独立,A与C相互独立,BC=∅,P(A)=P(B)=,P(AC|AB∪c)=,则P(C)=_______.参考解析:【解析】15 [简答题]参考解析:16 [简答题]一根绳长2m,截成三段,分别折成圆、正三角形、正方形,这三段分别为多长时所得的面积总和最小?并求该最小值.参考解析:设圆的周长为x,正三角形的周长为y,正方形的周长为z,由题设知x+y+z=2.则目标函数为17 [简答题]参考解析:18 [简答题]已知微分方程y’+y=f(x),且f(x)是R上的连续函数.(I)当f(x)=x时,求微分方程的通解;(Ⅱ)当f(x)周期为T的函数时,证明:微分方程存在唯一以T为周期的解.参考解析:(I)(Ⅱ)设f(x+T)=f(x),即T是f(x)的周期.19 [简答题]参考解析:设f(x)=e x-1-x,x>0,则有20 [简答题]设实二次型f(x1,x2,x3)=(x1-x2+x3)2+(x2+x3)2+(x1+ax3)2,其中a是参数.(I)求f(x1,x2,x3)=0的解;(Ⅱ)求f(x1,x2,x3)的规范形.参考解析:解:(I)由f(x1,x2,x3)=0,得21 [简答题](Ⅰ)求a;(Ⅱ)求满足AP=B的可逆矩阵P.参考解析:(I)A与B等价,则r(a)=r(B).22 [简答题]随机变量X,Y相互独立,P{X=1}=,P{X=-1}=,Y服从参数为λ的泊松分布,令Z=XY.(I)求Cov(X,Z);(II)求Z的概率分布.参考解析:(I)23 [简答题](I)求σ的极大似然估计;(II)参考解析:解:(I)由条件可知,似然函数为(Ⅱ)。

江南大学(842)法学综合2018年真题

江南大学(842)法学综合2018年真题

2018江南大学法学研究生入学考试真题842法学综合(回忆版)
一、名词解释
1、民事法律关系
2、公序良俗原则
3、相邻关系
4、犯罪未遂
5、正当当事人
6、结果加重犯
1、简要回答无因管理的构成要件
2、比较侵占罪与职务侵占罪
3、当事人申请再审的条件
1、试论述小额诉讼程序相比较简易程序的独特之处
2、试论述不作为犯罪的义务来源
3、试论述《民法总则》中诉讼时效制度的改变
四、案例分析
1、有关买卖合同、善意取得、冒名合同、不动产交易规则等问题的案例分析
2、有关侵权行为的归责原则、特殊侵权行为的类型、连带责任等问题的案例分析
3、有关狭义的因果关系错误性质的分析:事前故意结果推后发生与结果的提前实现
(一个人下毒然后又扔到井里,一个案例分析两种情形)。

2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题

2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题
1写出胶团的表达式,标明:双电层,胶核,胶粒和胶团的位置。
2当溶胶中分别加入NaCl,MgCl2和K3PO4时,请按照聚沉值大小排序,并说明原因。
第2页,共2页
4.对于电池 ,已知298.15K时, ,
①写出电极反应和电池反应。
②计算电池在298.15K时的电动势。
③计算H2于此处算出的理论值,为什么?
5、有一AlCl3溶液,往其中加入KOH溶液制备Al(OH)3溶胶,其中AlCl3为稳定剂。
2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题
科目代码及名称:824物理化学适用专业:070300化学/081704应用化学
(请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)
一、简答题(每题10分,共50分。)
1.请以S为纵坐标,H为横坐标,绘制出理想气体卡诺循环的示意图。标出每一过程的名称,并用箭头将循环的方向标明。
5.溶胶能稳定存在的原因。
二、计算和做图(每小题20分,共100分)
1.乙醛的热分解实验测得速率方程为
有人提出反应机理为:
请以此推导具体的速率方程,得到k值(用k1~k4表示);并求出表观活化能。
注:因为简化,忽略CHO·在此处的后续反应及相应的速率方程。
2.已知在101325 Pa下, Mg-Ag系统的温度组成图如下:(1)列表说明①、②、③、④相区存在的相态及成分;(2)分析水平线上的相平衡状态并指明f=?;(3)绘出a点冷却到室温的步冷曲线。
2.纯组分的化学势是否就等于它的Gibbs自由能?为什么?对于同一稀溶液,如果选择不同的溶质浓度形式(xB, cB, mB)来表示,最终得到的化学势是否相同?为什么?
3.对于一级反应和二级反应(A→B),反应物消耗掉1/2, 3/4和7/8所需要的时间之比分别为多少?

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案

2018年考研英语(二)试题及参考答案Section I Use of Engl ish D i rect i ons:Read the fol lowing text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered bIank and mark A, B r C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that wi I I obviousIy be painfuI? Because humans havean inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psycho IogicaI Sc i enee. The new research reveaIs that the need to know i s so strong that peopIe wi I I 2 to satisfy the i r cur i os i ty even when it is cI ear the answer wi I I 3 ・In a ser ies of four exper iments, behav ioraI sc i entists at the University ofCh i cago and the Wi scons in Schoo I of Bus i ness tested. Student 1s willingness to 4themseIves to unpIeasant stimu Ii in an effort to satisfy cur i os i ty.For one 5 eachpartic i pant was shown a p iIe of pens that the researcher cI a i med were from a prev i ous exper iment ・ The twist? Half of the pens wouId 6 an eIectrie shock when cI icked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were eIectrified, another twenty-seven were told on Iy that some wereeIectrified 7 Ieft alone i n the room, the students who d i d not know wh i ch ones wouId shock them cI i eked more pens and incur red more shocks than the students who knew what wouId 8 subsequent exper iments reproduced, th i s effect with other stimuli 9 the sound of finger nai Is on a chaIkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The dr i ve to_10_is deep Iy rooted i n humans. Much the same as the bas i c dr i ves for_11_or she Iter. saysChristopher Hsee of the University of Ch i cago Cur i os i ty is often cons i dered a good instinct-it can _12_New Scientific advances. for instance-but sometimes such_13_can backf i re f the insight that cur iosity can dr i ve you to do _14_things i s a profound one.UnheaI thy cur ios ity is poss ibIe to 15 f however, i n a final exper iment, partic i pants whowere encouraged to 16 how they wouId fee I after viewing an unp Ieasant picture were I ess Ii keIys cur iosity ahead of time canonline comments1. [A]Protect [B] resoIve [C] d i scuss [D] ignore2. [A]refuse [B] wait [C] regret [D] seek3. [A] hurt [B] Iast [C]mi s Iead [D] r i se4. [A] a I er t [B] tie [C] treat [D] expose5. [A]message [B] rev i ew [C] trial [D] concept6. [A] remove [B] weaken [C] interrupt [D] de I i ver7. [A]when [B] i f [C] though [D] unI ess8.[A] continue [B] happen [C] d i sappear [D] changeto 17 to see such an image. TheseresuIts suggest that imagini ng the 18 of following through ononehe Ip determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Th i nk ing about Iong 一term 20 i s key to reducing the possibIe negativeeffects of cur i os ity.Hsee saysi n other words, don' t read9.[A] rather than [B] regard I ess of [C] such as [D] owing to10.[A] d i scover [B] forgive [C] forget [D] d i sagree11.[A] pay [B] marr i age [C] schooI i ng [D] food12.[A] Iead to [B]rest on [C] I earn from [D] begin with13.[A] withdrawaI [B] persistence [C] inquiry [D] di I igence14.[A] seIf-reIiant [B] seIf-destruetive [C] seIf-evident [D] self-deceptive15.[A] def i ne [B] res i st [C]rep I ace [D] trace16.[A] over look [B] predict [C] design [D] conceaI17.[A] remember [B] promise [C] choose [D] pretend18.[A] re Iief [B] plan [C] duty [D] outcome19.[A] why [B] whether [C] where [D] how20.[A] consequences [B] investments [C] strategies [D] I imitations Section I I Read ing Comprehens i onPart AD i rect i ons:Read the fol lowing four texts. Answer the questions D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET・(40 points)Text 1give his students a better future. be Iow each text by choos ing A, B, C orIt is cur i ous that Stephen Koz i atek fee Is aImost as though he has to justify h i s efforts toMr. Koz iatek is part of something pioneer ing・ He i s a teacher at a New Hampsh i re high schooI where I earning i s not something of books and tests and mechan i caI memor i zation, but practicaI・ Whend id it become accepted wisdom that students shouId be abIe to name the 13thpres ident of the Uni ted States but be utter Iy overwhelmed by a broken bi ke cha in?As Koz i atek knows, there i s I earn ing in just about everything・ Nothi ng i s necessar i Iy gained by foreing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations ofd i scarded chew ing gum. They can a I so I earn geometry by assembIing a bicycle.But he 1 s a I so found a kind of ins id i ous prejud i ce. Work ing with your hands i s seen as aImost a mark of i nfer i or i ty・ Schoo Is i n the fami Iy of vocational education "have thatstereotype・・・ that it 1s for k i ds who can 1 t make it academicaIly, ”he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of Amer ica 1 s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was・ The job secur i ty that the US economyonce offered to high school graduates has large Iy evaporated. More education is the newpr inciple・ We want more for our kids, and r ightfully so.But the head Iong push into bacheI or 1 s degrees for al I 一and the subtie一misses an important point: Thas not the only thingdeva Iu ing of anything I essthe Amer ican economy need・ Yes, a bachelor 1 s degree opens more doors・ But even now, 54 percentof the jobs in the country are middIe~ski I I jobs, such as construetion and high-ski I I manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the work ing cI ass has turned the country on itspoliticaI head, frustrated that the opportunity that once def ined Amer ica i s vanishing, one obv i ous so Iution is star i ng us i n the face・ There i s a gap i n work ing-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren 1 t equipped to do them. Koz i atek 1 s Manchester schooI of Techno Iogy H i gh Schoo I i s trying to fill that gap.Koz i atek 1 s schooI i s a wake-up caIl・ Wheneducation becomes one-size-fits-aI I, it r i sks over Iooking a nation1 s di versity of gifts.21. A broken b i ke cha i n i s mentioned to show students ' I ack of ・[A] practicaI ab i Iity[B] academic training[C] pioneer ing spi r i t[D] mechan i caI memor i zat i on22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who ・[A] have a stereotyped mind[B] have no career motivation[C] are not academicaI Iy successfuI[D] are f inancially d i sadvantaged23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high schooI graduates ・[A] used to have b i g financ i a I concerns[B] used to have more job opportunities[C] are re Iuctant to work i n manufacturing[D] are entitled to more educational pr ivi Ieges24. The head Iong push into bachelor 1s degrees for a 11 ・[A] helps create a lot of middle-ski II jobs[B] may narrow the gap in working-c1 ass jobs[C] i s expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D] indicates the overva1uing of higher education25. The author1s attitude toward Koz i atek 1 s schoo1 can be descr i bed as ・[A] support i ve[B] tolerant[C] d i sappo i nted[D] caut i ousText 2While foss i I fueIs —— still generate rough Iy 85 percent of the worId ' s energysuppIy, it ' s cIearer than ever that the future be Iongs to renewable sources such as wind and so I ar. The move to renewabIes i s picking up momentum around the worId: They now account for morethan ha If of new power sources going on I i ne ・Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and fars ighted bus i nesses to fundcIeaner energy sources ・ But increas i ng Iy the story i s about the pIummeting pr i ces of renewables. espec i a I Iy wind and so I ar ・ The cost of so I ar pane Is has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by cIose to one-thi rd in the past eight years ・In many parts of the worId renewabIe energy i s a I ready a pr i ncipal energy source ・ In Scotland, for examp Ie t windturbines prov i de enough eIectrieity to power 95 percent of homes ・ While the rest of the worId takes the Iead, notabIy Ch i na and Europe, the United States i s a I so see i ng a remarkabIe sh i ft. In March, for the f i rst time, wind and so I ar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.Pres i dent Trump has under Iined foss i I fueIs—— espec i a I Iy coaI——as the path toeconomic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he di smi ssed wind power as an unreI iabIe energy source ・ But that message d i d not pI ay we I I with many in lowa. where wind turb i nes dot the fieldsbatter ies is making thei r abi 丨 ity to keep power flowing around the cIock more I ikeIy.The advance i s dr i ven in part by vehicle manufacturers. who are pIacing big bets onbattery-powered eIectrie veh i cIes. Although electrie cars are still a rar i ty on roads now, th i s mass i ve investment couId change the picture rapid Iy in coming years ・While there 1 s a Iong way to go, the trend lines for renewabIes are spiking.meaningful effect in slowing cIimate change. What Washington does—— ordoesn 1 t do —— to promote alternative energy may mean I ess and I ess at a time of a globaI sh i ft in thought.26. The word “ pIummeting ” (Line 3, Para. 2) i s cIosest in mean i ng to ・ [A] stabiIi zing [B] changing [C] falling [D] rising27. Accord i ng to Paragraph 3, the use of renewabIe energy i n Amer ica ・ [A] i s progressing notabIy[B] i s as extens i ve as i n Europe [C] faces many chaI Ienges [D] has proved to be impracticaI 28. It can be I earned that in Iowa, [A] wind is a widely used energy sourceand prov i de 36 percent of the states eIectrieity generation ——and where tech Microsoft are being attracted by the avai Iabi I ity of cIean energyto power the i rdata centers.The question "What happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesn sh i ne?has prov i ded a qu i ck put-down for skeptics.But a boosti n the storagecapac i ty of The pace of change n energy sources appearsto be speeding upperhaps just in time to have agiants[B]wind energy has rep Iaced foss i I fueIs[C]tech giants are investing in cIean energy[D]there i s a shortage of cIean energy suppIy29.Which of the fol lowing i s true about cIean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?[A]Its appIication has boosted battery storage・[B]It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C]Its continuous suppIy i s becoming a reaIity.[D]Its sustainabIe exp Ioitat ion wi I I rema i n difficult.30.It can be inferred from the I ast paragraph that renewabIe energy.[A]wi I I br ing the USA cIoser to other countr ies・[B]will acceI erate globaI env i ronmental change・[C]i s not reaI Iy encouraged by the USA government.[D]i s not competitive enough with regard to its cost.Text 3The power and amb it ion of the gi ants of the d i g ital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery cha i n Who Ie Foods for $ 13.5bn r but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acqui re the WhatsApp messaging service t which doesn't have any phys i caI product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intr i cate and finely detailed web of its users * fr i endships and soci a I I ives.Facebook promised the European commi ss i on then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities r but it broke the promise aImost as soon as the deaI went through・ Evenwithout knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom wasenormous Iy reveaI i ng and still couId be. What political journalist, what party wh i p, wouId notwant to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Therea May1s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the vaIue ofWho Ie Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what・Competit ion I aw appears to be the only way to address these imbaI ances of power. But it is cI urnsy. For one thing, it is very sIow compared to the pace of Change with i n the d i g ital economy. By the time a prob Iem has been addressed and remed i ed it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be rep Iaced by new abuses of power・ But there i s a deeper conceptual problem r too. Competit ion law as presently interpreted deaIs with f i nancial d i sadvantage to consumers and thi s i s not obvious when the users of these services don11 pay for them. The users of thei r Services are not thei r customers. That would be the peopIe who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google, the two vi rtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of a I I other med i a and entertainment companies.The product they1 re seI ling i s data, and we, the users, convert our I i ves to date for thebenefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs cal led aphids for the honeydewthe produce when they feed, so GoogIe farms us for the data that our digital I ives yield ・ Ants keep predatory i nsects away from where the i r aph i ds feed; Gma i I keeps the spammeout of ourIt doesn* t feel Ii ke a human or democratic re I ationship, even if both s i des benefit.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acqui red WhatsApp for its ・The ants ana Iogy i s used to illustrate ・a wi n~w in bus i ness mode I between d i gital gi ants a typical competit ion pattern among d i g ital gi antsi nboxes. [A] d i gital products [B] user information [C] physical assets [D] qua Iity serv i ce32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ・ [A] worsen politicaI disputesmess up customer records [C] pose a risk to Facebook users [D] mi sIead the European commi ss ion33. Accord i ng to the author t competit ion law ・ [A] should sever the new market powers [B] may worsen the economic imbaI anee[C] shouId not provide just one legaI solution [D] cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competit ion law as presently interpreted can hard Iy protect Facebook users because ・ [A] they are not def i ned as customers [B] they are not financiaI Iy re IiabIe [C] the services are genera I Iy digital [D] the servicesare pa id for by advertisers35. [A][C] the benefits prov i ded for d igital g i ants customers[D] the re I ationship between d i g ital gi ants and the i r usersText 4To comb a t the t rap of putting a premium on be i ng busy, CaI Newport, author of Deep Work: RuIes for Focused Success in a Di stracted World, recommends bui Iding a habit of “ deep work n 一the abi Iity to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats ded i cated to a specific task; developing a daily ritua I; or taking a “ journaI isticapproach to se i z i ng moment of deep work when you can throughoutthe day. Whichever approach, the key i s to determi ne your I ength of focus time and stick to it.Newport a I so recommends “ deep scheduling " to combat constant interruptions and getAt any given poi nt, I shouId have deep work scheduIed for rough Iy thenext mouth. Once on the caIendar, I protect th i s time I ike I wouId a doctor 1s appo i ntment or important meeting ” f he wr i tes.Another approach to getting more done in less time i s to rethink how you priori ties your day —— i n particuI ar howwe craft our to-do I i sts. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, poi nts to a study in the ear Iy 1980s that di vided undergraduates into two groups: some were advi sed to set out monthIy goaIs and study activities; others were told to pI an activities and goaIs i n much more deta i I f day by day.While the researchers assumed that the we Il-struetured daily pI ans wouId be most effective when it came to theexecution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily pI ans demotivated students ・Harford argues that inevitabIe d i stractions often ineffective.while Ieaving room for improvisation in such aIn order to make the most of our focus and energy. weNewport suggests,"idleness i s not just a vacation, an indu Igence or abrain as vitamin D i s to the body paradoxically r necessary to getting any work done,Sr i ni Pillay, an ass i stant professor of psych i atry atcounter i ntu itive link between downtime and productivity may operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task F they tend tobe more eff i c i ent."What peopIe don 1 t reaIi se i s that in order to comp Iete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus ci rcu its in the i r bra in,” says Pi I I ay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ・ [A] keep to your focus time [B] I i st your i mmed i ate tasks [C] make spec i f i c daily pIans [D] seize every minute to work37. The study in the ear Iy 1980s cited by Harford shows that ・ [A] d i stractions may actually increase efficiency. [B] daily scheduIes are i nd i spensabIe to study i ng [C] students are hard Iy motivated by monthly goaIs [D] detailed pI ans may not be as fru itful as expected 38. According to Newport, idleness is ・ [A] a desi rabIe mental state for busy peopIe ・ [B] a major contr i butor to phys i caI heaI th [C] an effective way to save time and energy[D] an essential factor in accompI ishing any work39. Pillay be I i eves that our bra i ns 1sh i ft between being focused and unfocused ・more done i n I ess time. render the daily to-do I i st I i st can reap the best resuIts.a I so need to embrace downtime, or asvice; it is as indi spensable to the[i d I eness] i s,he argues.Harvard Med i caI Schoo I, be I i eves th i sbe due to the may our bra i ns[A]can resuIt in psychological we I I-being[B]can br i ng about greater eff i c i ency[C]i s aimed at better ba Iance in work[D]i s dr i ven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about ・[A]ways to re Ii eve the tens i on of busy Ii fe[B]approaches to getting more done in less time[C]the key to eI iminating d i stractions[D]the cause of the I ack of focus timePart BDi rections:Read the fol lowing text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitabIe subtitles from the I ist A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45)・ There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET ・(10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC・ Pay a un i que comp Ii ment, places, thingsE.Find the “ me too ''F.Skip the smaI I talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are Iinks, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a linkgets formed and every conversation you have after that moment wi I I strengthen the link.You meet new peopIe every day: the grocery worker, the cab dr i ver r new peopIe at work orthe secur i ty guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them wi I I form a I ink.Here are f i ve simplestrangers・ways that you can make the fi rst move and start a conversation with 4KSuppose you are in a room with someone you don says 1 t know and something withinyou “I want to ta Ik with th isperson n一this something that mostly happenswith a I I of us. You wanted to say something-the first word 一but it just won' t come out, it feels I ike it is stuck somewhere・ I know the fee I i ng and here i s my adv ice: just get it out.Just think: what is the worst that couId happen? They won 't ta Ik with you? Well, they are not ta Ik ing with you now!justI truIy be Ii eve that once you fIow. So keep it simple: u Hiyou a I I of the enthus i asm42、It is a prob Iem a I I want to ta Ik with and you Honestly, if we got stuckget that first wordand energy you can . put on aout everything eIse wi I IHello - do the bestbig smile and sayof us face; you have I imited time with the personwant to make th i s ta Ik memorabIe.i n the resuIt of " hi ” . andcan to gather"Hi"that youhow are you?"“ what is going on ?” r you wi I I fai I to give the initial jolt to the conversat i on that can make it so memorable.So don' t be afra i d to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you1be surpr i sed to see how much peopIe are willing to share if you just ask.When you meet a person for the make an effort to find the thingsf i rst time, which you andperson have in common so that you can build the conversat i on from that poi nt・ When youstart conversation from there and then move outwards, you1 I I find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44、I magine you are pour i ng your heart out to someone and they arejust busy on the i rphone,U Aand i f you ask for the i r attent i on youget the response1" 1 canmult itask ”・So when someone tr i es to communi cate with you, just be i n thatcontaccommunicat ion who I ehearted Iy. Mike eye + Trust me, eye contacti s where a I I the magic happens・ When you make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45、____________________________________________________You a I I came into a conversation where you f i rst met the person r but after some time youmay have met aga i n and have forgotten their name. Isn ' t that awkward!So, remember the little details of the peopIe you met or you t a Iked with; perhaps the pI acesthey have been to, the p1 aces they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate 一whatever you ta 1 k about・When you remember such things you can automat ica 丨1y become i nvestor i n the i r we 1 1 be i ng.So they fee 1 a respons i b i 1 ity to you to keep that re 1 at i onsh i p going.That*s it. Five amaz i ng ways that you can make conversation with aImostanyone. Everyperson is a rea11y good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Sect ion III TransI at ion46.Di rections:Trans I ate the fol lowing text into Ch i nese・ Wr i te your transI ation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework ass i gnment to select h i s future career path from a Ii st of occupations. He ticks u astronaut ”, but quickly adds “ sc i entist n to the Ii st andseIects it as we Il・ The boy i s convinced that if he reads enough, he can exp I ore as many career paths as he Iikes. And so he reads everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so pass i onately that h i s parents have to institute a u no read ing pol icy " at the dinner tabIe.Part A 47、Di rections : Suppose you have to can ceI your trave I pI a n and wi I I not be abIe tovi sit professor Smith, wr ite him an ema i I to"apologize and exp I a i n the situation and suggest a future meeting.2)You shouId write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET ・"Li Ming " in stead, should ■价格 Do not use your own n ame; Use 1) in terpIet -thfe •+. ■环境场沁■特色Pg r ^otaXjIte your addFess (10po in ts).' You shou I d write about 150 words o' I ne ANSWER 簟命丘\• ■ ■■flXsWr i te an essay based on the _cha h art be Iow ・ In your wr i ting「(15 poi nts) 2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素参考答案:1-5 BDADC 6-10 DABDA 11-15 DACBB 16-20 BCDBA21-25 ACBDA 26-30 CAACC 31-35 BCDDD 36-40 ADDBB 41-45 AGEBD46. 一名五年级的学生的家庭作业要求他从一系列的职业中选出他未来的职业道路。

2018年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

2018年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

2018年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题********************************************************************************************招生专业及代码:080501 材料物理与化学、080502材料学、080503 材料加工工程、0805Z1生物材料、085204材料工程(专业学位)考试科目级代码:821材料综合考生请注意:《材料综合》满分150分,考卷包括A《基础化学》、B《材料科学基础》两项内容。

请根据自己的专业背景和未来拟从事的专业研究方向,只能从A、B两项中任选其中一项作答,如果两项都做,仅记A项的成绩。

A、基础化学考生注意:所有答案必须写在答题纸(卷)上,写在本试题上一律不给分。

一、是非题(判断下列叙述是否正确,正确的在括号中画√,错误的画×)(共10小题,每小题1分,共计10分)()1.氢电极的电极电位是0.0000 V。

()2.极性分子中的化学键是极性键,非极性分子中的化学键是非极性键。

()3.25 ℃时,0.10 mol·L-1的H[Al(OH)4]溶液中OH-浓度是H+浓度的4倍。

()4.分子间形成氢键的物质, 沸点和熔点会降低。

()5.HAC溶液和NaOH溶液混合可以配成缓冲溶液,条件是NaOH比HAC的物质的量适度过量。

()6.吸光度表示物质对光吸收的程度,物质浓度越大,吸光度一定越大。

()7.当溶液中无其它干扰离子存在时,应选择波长为λmax的光作入射光进行分光光度法测定。

()8.在配合滴定中,金属离子与滴定剂EDTA一般是以1:1配合。

()9.当溶液中H+浓度与OH-浓度相等时,酸碱指示剂显示其中间色。

()10.Na2CO3溶液中H2CO3的浓度近似等于K b2 。

二、填空题(共7小题,每空1分,共20分)1.关于Raoult定律所讨论的依数性适用于______、______的______溶液。

江南大学 硕士学位研究生招生入学考试试题

江南大学 硕士学位研究生招生入学考试试题

二OO八年硕士学位研究生招生入学考试试题(*请考生在答题纸上答题,在此试题纸上答题无效)一、填空(40分,每空1分)1. 在体型缩聚反应中,当反应达到某一时刻时,体系的粘度出现突然增大现象,其本质是因为开始生成了,在此刻的反应程度叫。

2. 逐步聚合方法一般有三种、和。

3. 涤纶的分子式是,重复单元是结构单元是。

4. 在连锁聚合反应中,偶氮二异丁氰是进行聚合的引发剂,路易斯酸是进行聚合的引发剂,碱金属及其有机化合物是聚合的引发剂。

5. 在自由基聚合反应中,能明显减缓聚合反应速度的物质称为,能停止聚合反应进行曲的物质称为,能改变聚合物分子量,但对反应速度没有影响的称为。

6.竞聚率r1定义为,它表示了,当r1>1时,表示,r1<1时,表示。

7. Ziegler-Natta催化剂至少由两组份组成,即和构成;经典的乙烯聚合的催化剂是和经典的丙烯聚合的催化剂是和8. 根据官能度体系的不同,可以区分出缩合反应、线型缩聚和体型缩聚。

(官能度)体系则导致缩合反应;导致线型缩聚;体系则导致体型缩聚。

9. 二元共聚物探险单体结构单元的排列,可有、和四种共聚物。

10.自由基聚合根据其转化率随时间的变化,聚合反应过程分为、11.自由基聚合中,欲降低聚合物分子量可选择引发剂浓度,添加等方法。

12.由一种单体形成的聚合物称为合物称为。

第 1 页共 2 页二、简单介绍自由基聚合反应中两个引发剂副反应(10分)三、结合下面两图,简单阐述连锁聚合反应与逐步聚合反应的区别.(10分)单体转化率产物平均聚合度四、比较自由基聚合、阳离子聚合和阴离子聚合的动力学特点。

(10分)五、试分析四种自由基聚合实施方法的特征(12分)六、在醋酸乙烯单体中混有少量的醋酸烯丙酯,对自由基聚合反应有何影响(8分)七、为什么在缩聚反应中不用转化率而用反应程度来描述反应过程。

(10分)八、用亚麻仁油酸(单官能度羧酸)、邻苯二甲酸、甘油(三官能度醇)、1,2-丙二醇缩聚制成醇酸树脂,其原料的摩尔比为1.0:1.8:1.0:0.6,试计算:该体系的平均官能度及能否形成凝胶;(15分)九、苯乙烯在60℃,用AIBN引发聚合,测得Rp=0.255╳10-4mol/L S,Xn =2460,如果不考虑向单体链转移,试求:(1)动力学链长ν(偶合终止)(2)引发速率Ri(3)AIBN在60℃下的t1/2=16.6hr,f=0.8,理论上需要多少 AIBN(20分)十、在苯乙烯(M1)和丙烯腈(M2)的共聚反应(rl =0.41、r2=0.04)中,如何制备组成均一的共聚物?(15分)图中虚线曲线--连锁聚合反应实线曲线—逐步聚合反应第 2 页共 2 页。

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江南大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题
注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项
②所有答案必须写在答题纸上,写在本试题纸或草稿纸上无效
③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回
一、填空题
1、实验室的真空烘箱上接一压力真空表,若该表头指示值为99.75kPa,则烘箱内的实际压力为()。

(设实验室气压101.33kpa)
2、FeCl3和H2O能形成FeCl3•6H2O,2FeCl3•7H2O,2FeCl3•5H2O,FeCl3
•2H2O,四种水合物,则该体系的独立组分数C()和在恒压下最多可能的平衡共存的相数为(),
3、用同一个电导池在相同温度下分别测定浓度C
1
=0.01mol/dm3,与
C
2
=0.1mol/dm3的不同电解质溶液的电阻,得到R1=100Ω,R2=500Ω,则他
们的摩尔电导率之比Λ
m (1)/Λ
m
(2)=()。

4、玻璃管毛细管水面上的饱和蒸气压()水平面饱和蒸气压。

(>,=,<)
5、298K时,苯蒸气在石墨上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,在苯蒸气压为40Pa时,覆盖率为0.05,当覆盖率为0.5时,苯蒸气的平衡压力为()。

6、等温等压下可逆增加的表面所做的非体积功就等于表面()的增量。

7、某液体的正常沸点127℃,该液体在此温度下摩尔蒸发焓△vapHm=35.2KJ/mol,则此温度附近其蒸气压随温度变化率=()
8、在298.15K时,已知Cu2++2e-→Cu标准电池电动势为0.337V,Cu++e-→Cu 的标准电池电动势为0.522V,则Cu2++2e-→Cu+标准电池电动势为()。

9、苯和甲苯在293.2K时,蒸气压分别为9.958kPa和2.973kPa,现以等质量的苯和甲苯在293.2K时混合,混合物可看做理想液体混合物,则混合物上方甲苯的蒸气分压为()kPa。

10、将FeCl3水溶液加热水解得到Fe(OH)3溶胶,试写出此胶团结构(),(FeCl3为稳定剂)。

二、选择题
1、在水中加入表面活性剂后,将发生()
A、<0,正吸附
B、<0,负吸附
C、>0,正吸附
D、>0,负吸附
2、在外加直流电场中,胶体溶液向某一方向移动,移动的是()
A、胶核
B、胶粒
C、胶团
D、双电层
3、正己烷(A)和正辛烷(B)能形成理想液态混合物。

已知100℃时,正
己烷的饱和蒸气压p
A *为244.78kPa,正辛烷的饱和蒸气压p
B
*为47.20kpa。

当二者组成的液态混合物在101.325kPa下100℃沸腾时,其液相里所含的正己烷的摩尔分数X
A
是()
A、0.274
B、0.513
C、0.487
D、0.684
4、对于任何循环过程,系统经历了若干步骤。

根据热力学第一定律,正确的是()
A、【ΣQ
i +W
f
】=0 B、【ΣQ
i
+W
f
】>0 C、ΣQ
i
=0D、W
f
=0
5、已知AB如图,若XB=0.4进行蒸馏,塔顶得到()
A、纯A(l)
B、纯B(l)
C、最低恒沸物
D、A和B任意混合物
6、100℃,101.325kPa有1molH
2
O(l)使其与100℃的大热源接触并使其向
真空蒸发变为100℃,101.325kPaH
2
O(g),可用哪个判断方向()
A、△S(系)
B、△S(系)+△S(环)
C、2△G
D、△S(环)
7、对恒沸混合物,下述()是不正确的
A、与化合物一样,具有确定组成
B、恒沸混合物组成随压力的改变而改变
C、平衡时,气液组成相同
D、其沸点随外压改变而改变
8、某一级反应的半衰期在27℃时为5000s,在37℃时为1000s,则此反应的活化能为()
A、125kJ/mol
B、519kJ/mol
C、53.9519kJ/mol
D、62kJ/mol
9、液态水在100℃及101.325kpa下汽化成水蒸气,则该过程的()
A、△H=0
B、△S=0
C、△H=0
D、△G=0
10、两只各装有1kg水的烧杯,一只溶有0.01mol蔗糖,另一只溶有
0.01molNaCl,按同样速度降温冷却,则()
A、溶有蔗糖的杯子先结冰
B、两杯同时结冰
C、溶有NaCl的杯子先结冰
D、视外压而定
三、计算题
1、1mol理想气体在300K下,等温可逆膨胀体积增加一倍,计算该过程的W、Q、△U、△H、△G、△A、△S。

2、二级反应2A →Y+Z 在300K 某初浓度时半衰期为15min,试求
(1)温度为300K 时,反应进行了多长时间反应速率为初始反应速率的一半?
(2)温度为310K ,初始浓度不变时,该反应的半衰期为5min ,求反应的活化能。

3、已知下列电池:Pt|H 2(g,100kPa )| HBr (a ±=1) | AgBr (s ) |Ag (s ) 在25℃时的电动势E=0.0713V ,电动势的温度系数(E/T )P =-5.0×10-4V •K -1 (1)计算该电池反应在25℃时的△rGm 、△rHm 、△rSm
(2)若改变HBr 溶液的浓度使其质量摩尔浓度b=2.0mol/kg 测得电动势E=0.0815V ,求此时溶液中HBr 的平均活度因子γ
±
和活度α。

4、关于生命起源有各种学说,其中包括有简单分子自发的形成动植物的复杂分子的一些假设,例如,形成动物代谢产物的一些尿素CO (NH 2)2有下列反应:CO 2(g )+2NH 3(g )=CO (NH 2)2(s )+H 2O (l ) 经查表得如下数据(298K ,P θ):
物质 CO2(g ) NH3(g ) CO (NH 2)2(s )
H 2O
(l )
△f H θm /(kJ/mol ) -393.51 -46.19 -333.19 -285.84 S θm /(J/mol/K) 213.64 192.51 104.6 69.94 试问:
(1)在298.2K ,P θ下,能否有该反应自发生成尿素?
(2)假设△r S θm 和△r H θm 与温度无关,该反应进行的最高温度(即转折温度)是多少?。

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