财政学第九版英文完整教学课件
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• Article 1, Section 8 • Article 1, Section 9 • 16th Amendment • 5th Amendment
1-5
The Legal Framework
• State governments
– Federal constitutional provisions
1-6
The Size of Government
• How to measure the size of government
– Number of workers – Annual expenditures
• Types of government expenditure
– Purchases of goods and services – Transfers of income – Interest payments
Increase in public welfare Decline in highways
Source: Economic Report of the President 2009, [p. 389]. 1-11
Composition of Federal Taxes (1965 and 2008)
1
2
3
4
1960
Total Expenditures
(billions)
123
2008 Dollars (billions)*
714
2008 Dollars per capita
3,950
Percent of GDP
23.3%
1970
295
1,308
6,379
28.4%
1980
843
1,905
8,367
Composition of State And Local Taxes (1965 and 2005)
Individual tax more important
Property tax less important
Source: Economic Report of the President [2009, p. 385]. 1-13
Social insurance and individual income
tax have become more important
Corporate and other taxes have become
less important
Source: Economic Report of the President [2009, p. 379]. 1-12
1-3
Public Finance and Ideology
• Organic view of government • Mechanistic view of government
1-4
The Legal Framework
• Federal government
– Federal Constitutional provisions
1-8
Government Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP (2008)
United States
Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [2008a].
1-9
Composition of Federal Expenditures (1965 and 2008)
30.2%
1990பைடு நூலகம்
1,873
2,804
11,210
32.2%
2000
2,887
3,527
12,487
29.4%
2008
4,723
4,723
15,488
33.1%
*Conversion to 2008 dollars done using the GDP deflator Source: Calculations based on Economic Report of the President, 2009 [pp. 282,286,325,381].
• Public Finance – the field of economics that analyzes government taxation and spending policies
• Public Sector Economics – see definition above
• Public Economics – see definition above • What is not part of public finance?
• Budget documents
– Unified budget – Regulatory budget
1-7
State, Local, and Federal Government
Expenditures
(selected years) AdjustingRfoerlative tAodjusting for InflationEconomy Population
财政学第九版英文完整 教学课件
CHAPTER 1
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Introduction
Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Defining the Field of Study
Note decline in Defense
Note increase in Social Security, Medicare and Income Security
Source: Economic Report of the President, 2009 [p. 379].
1-10
Composition of State & Local Expenditures (1965 and 2008)
• 10th amendment
– The State constitutions
• Local governments
– Derive power to tax and spend from the States – Fiscal independence of local governments
1-5
The Legal Framework
• State governments
– Federal constitutional provisions
1-6
The Size of Government
• How to measure the size of government
– Number of workers – Annual expenditures
• Types of government expenditure
– Purchases of goods and services – Transfers of income – Interest payments
Increase in public welfare Decline in highways
Source: Economic Report of the President 2009, [p. 389]. 1-11
Composition of Federal Taxes (1965 and 2008)
1
2
3
4
1960
Total Expenditures
(billions)
123
2008 Dollars (billions)*
714
2008 Dollars per capita
3,950
Percent of GDP
23.3%
1970
295
1,308
6,379
28.4%
1980
843
1,905
8,367
Composition of State And Local Taxes (1965 and 2005)
Individual tax more important
Property tax less important
Source: Economic Report of the President [2009, p. 385]. 1-13
Social insurance and individual income
tax have become more important
Corporate and other taxes have become
less important
Source: Economic Report of the President [2009, p. 379]. 1-12
1-3
Public Finance and Ideology
• Organic view of government • Mechanistic view of government
1-4
The Legal Framework
• Federal government
– Federal Constitutional provisions
1-8
Government Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP (2008)
United States
Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [2008a].
1-9
Composition of Federal Expenditures (1965 and 2008)
30.2%
1990பைடு நூலகம்
1,873
2,804
11,210
32.2%
2000
2,887
3,527
12,487
29.4%
2008
4,723
4,723
15,488
33.1%
*Conversion to 2008 dollars done using the GDP deflator Source: Calculations based on Economic Report of the President, 2009 [pp. 282,286,325,381].
• Public Finance – the field of economics that analyzes government taxation and spending policies
• Public Sector Economics – see definition above
• Public Economics – see definition above • What is not part of public finance?
• Budget documents
– Unified budget – Regulatory budget
1-7
State, Local, and Federal Government
Expenditures
(selected years) AdjustingRfoerlative tAodjusting for InflationEconomy Population
财政学第九版英文完整 教学课件
CHAPTER 1
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Introduction
Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Defining the Field of Study
Note decline in Defense
Note increase in Social Security, Medicare and Income Security
Source: Economic Report of the President, 2009 [p. 379].
1-10
Composition of State & Local Expenditures (1965 and 2008)
• 10th amendment
– The State constitutions
• Local governments
– Derive power to tax and spend from the States – Fiscal independence of local governments